Hepsetus odoe

Hepsetus odoe, the African pike characin, is a predatory freshwater characin belonging to the family Hepsetidae. It was formerly considered that there was a single species of Hepsetus pike characin but recent studies have led to the species being split and Hepsetus odoe sensu stricto is the west African representative of the group.

Hepsetus odoe
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Characiformes
Family: Hepsetidae
Genus: Hepsetus
Species:
H. odoe
Binomial name
Hepsetus odoe
(Bloch, 1794)[2]

Description

It is an elongated fish with a pike-like body, however this species is a characin and the pike resemblance is due to convergent evolution. This species can reach up to about 28 cm (11 in) in length.[2] The back is normally dark brown or green while the belly is silver. The head is normally light green or brown with distinct dark brown or black stripes radiating out from the eye. The colour and pattern of adult fish is relatively stable but juveniles are more variable.[3]

Distribution

Hepsetus odoe is found in western sub-Saharan Africa, from the Sassandra River in the Cote d'Ivoire in the west to the Shari River in the Central African Republic in the east, and southwards up to the Kienke River in Cameroon.[2]

Biology

The species prefers quiet and deep water, and may only live about five years. Spawning normally begins in August and continues until January. Although in some locations there is an extended spawning season which lasts until May. The eggs are laid in a bubble nest, which they then guard until the young have attached themselves to the bottom of the nest, at which stage the adults abandon the nest and their young. The nest breaks up about four days afterwards and the juveniles disperse to live in well-vegetated marginal habitats.[3]

Hepsetus odoe is piscivorous and preys on a variety of smaller fish. It is mainly diurnal and is an ambush predator, waiting among dense submerged or emergent vegetation until prey comes within range and the fish can lunge at it. The diet of Hepsetus odoe consists predominantly of cichlids and mormyrids; although smaller individuals have been recorded eating mochokid catfishes more than cichlids or mormyrids.[3] Hepsetus odoe prefers the upper courses of small rivers where the elongate tigerfish (Hydrocynus forskahlii) is absent or less abundant.[1] It uses weeds and vegetation along with its coloring to avoid detection.[3]

Human use

Hepsetus odoe is a gamefish. It also, on occasion, is found as an aquarium fish, though its large size and piscivorous nature make it unsuitable for most aquarists.[4]

Taxonomy

It was formerly believed to the only species in the genus and widespread in sub-Saharan Africa, but studies in 2011-2013 have found that there are several species, and the true H. odoe is restricted to West and Central Africa from the Sassandra River, Ivory Coast, to the Kienké River, Cameroon (species elsewhere are now recognized as separate; H. cuvieri, H. kingsleyae, H. lineata and H. occidentalis).[5][6][7][8]

References
  1. "Hepsetus odoe (African Pike, Kafue Pike, Kafue Pike Characin, Pike Characid)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
  2. "Hepsetus odoe (Bloch, 1794)". Fishbase. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
  3. "Hepsetus odoe Kafue pike (Also: Kafue pike characin; Pike characid)". Regents of the University of Michigan. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
  4. Nelson, Joseph S. (2006). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-25031-7
  5. Decru, E., Vreven, E. & Snoeks, J. (2013). A revision of the Lower Guinean Hepsetus species (Characiformes; Hepsetidae) with the description of Hepsetus kingsleyae sp. nov. Journal of Fish Biology, 82: 1351–1375.
  6. Decru, E., Snoeks, J. & Vreven, E. (2013). The true identity of the holotype of Hepsetus odoe and the names of the two West African species of Hepsetus (Teleostei: Hepsetidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24 (2): 187-192.
  7. Zengeya, T. A., Decru, E. and Vreven, E. (2011). Revalidation of Hepsetus cuvieri (Castelnau, 1861) (Characiformes: Hepsetidae) from the Quanza, Zambezi and southern part of the Congo ichthyofauna provinces. Journal of Natural History 45 (nos. 27-28): 1723-1744.
  8. Decru, E., Vreven, E., and Snoeksa, J. (2011). A revision of the West African Hepsetus (Characiformes: Hepsetidae) with a description of Hepsetus akawo sp. nov. and a redescription of Hepsetus odoe (Bloch, 1794). Journal of Natural History, 46 (1-2).
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