Hibatullah Akhundzada

Mawlawi Hibatullah Akhundzada (Pashto: هبت الله اخونزاده‎; Arabic: هيبة الله أخوند زاده‎ Haibatullāh Aḫūnd Zādah; born 1961)[1] is a hardline religious scholar[2] and the leader of the Taliban, an armed militant group that was the former government of Afghanistan.

This article is for the Afghan Taliban leader. For the location in Iran also called "Haibatullah", please see Heybatollah.
Mawlawi

Hibatullah Akhundzada
هبت الله اخونزاده
Supreme Leader of the Taliban
Assumed office
25 May 2016
Preceded byAkhtar Mansour
Personal details
Born1961 (age 59–60)[1]
Panjwayi, Kandahar Province, Afghanistan[1]
Military service
Allegiance
Years of service1996–present
RankSupreme commander

Akhundzada reportedly issued the majority of the Taliban's fatwas,[3] and was the head of the Taliban's Islamic courts.[1] Unlike many Taliban leaders, Akhundzada is believed to have remained in the country during the War in Afghanistan. He became the leader of the militant group in May 2016 following the killing of the previous leader, Akhtar Mansour, in a drone strike. The Taliban also bestowed upon Akhundzada the title Emir-al-Momineen (Commander of the Faithful) that his two predecessors had carried.[4]

Early life

Akhundzada was born in 1961 in the Panjwayi district of Kandahar Province in the Kingdom of Afghanistan.[1] A Pashtun, he belongs to the Noorzai clan or tribe.[1] His first name, Hibatullah—which is more commonly used as a girl's name—means "gift from Allah" in Arabic.[1][5] His father, Mullah Mohammad Akhund, was a religious scholar as well as the imam of their village mosque.[6] Not owning any land or orchards of their own, the family depended on what the congregation paid his father in cash or in a portion of their crops. Akhundzada studied under his father. The family migrated to Quetta after the Soviet invasion and Akhundzada continued his education at one of the first seminaries established in the Sarnan neighborhood.

Role in Taliban-ruled Afghanistan (1996–2001)

When the Afghan Taliban captured the capital Kabul in 1996, one of religious scholar Akhundzada's first jobs was in Farah Province as a member of the Department of the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice paramilitary enforcers. He later moved to Kandahar and was made an instructor at the Jihadi Madrasa, the seminary of about 100,000 students that Mullah Omar personally looked after.

Mawlawi Akhundzada was later appointed as Chief Justice of the Shariah Courts of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. Rather than a warlord or military commander, he has a reputation as a religious leader who was responsible for issuing most of the Taliban's fatwas and settling religious issues among members of the Taliban.[7] Both Mullah Omar and Mullah Mansour are known to have consulted Akhundzada on matters of fatwa.[8] Unlike his predecessors who were educated in Pakistan—and who were also believed to have moved permanently east across the Durand Line after the U.S. invasion in 2001 and during the resulting war—Akhundzada is believed to have lived in Afghanistan throughout the 2001–2016 period with no travel record, though he has close ties with the Quetta-based Taliban Shura.[7]

After his promotion to deputy leader of the Taliban in 2015, Akhundzada put in place a system under which a commission would be formed under the shadow governor in every province that could investigate abusive commanders or fighters, according to Mullah Abdul Bari, a Taliban commander in Helmand.

2012 assassination attempt

According to Mullah Ibrahim, a student of Akhundzada who was interviewed by The New York Times, Akhundzada was the subject of an attempted assassination in Quetta which the Taliban blamed on the National Directorate of Security, the Afghan intelligence agency. "'During one of his lectures in Quetta one day about four years ago, a man stood among the students and pointed a pistol at Mawlawi Akhundzada from a close range, but the pistol stuck,' Mullah Ibrahim recalled. 'He was trying to shoot him, but he failed, and the Taliban rushed to tackle' the man, he said, adding that Mawlawi Akhundzada did not move in the chaos.”[9]

Because the reported assassination attempt occurred in Quetta, it contradicts reports that Akhundzada did not travel outside of Afghanistan after September 2001.

As new chief of the Taliban

Akhundzada was appointed as the Taliban supreme commander on 25 May 2016 as the replacement for Mullah Akhtar Mansour. Mansour and a second militant were killed when munitions fired from a drone hit the vehicle in which they were riding. The strike was approved by U.S. President Barack Obama.[10][11] Akhundzada was previously a deputy for Mansour. According to sources from the Taliban, Mansour had already named Akhundzada as his successor in his will.[2]

A Taliban spokesman said that Sirajuddin Haqqani was named first deputy and Mullah Mohammad Yaqoob, the son of former Taliban leader Mullah Omar, was named second deputy.[12] Mawlawi Akhundzada leads a number of madrassas, or religious schools, in Pakistan's southwestern Balochistan province.[13]

Analysts believe that there were differences among Taliban ranks on who should be appointed the new chief. The suggested names were Mullah Yaqoob and Sirajuddin Haqqani, the latter being the most prominent member linked with the Haqqani Network. Akhundzada, however, has sustained a neutral identity among the Taliban rank and file. To avoid conflict upon choosing Akhundzada as chief, the Taliban agreed that Yaqoob and Sirajuddin Haqqani will both work as his deputies.[14]

Mullahs Abdul Razaq Akhund and Abdul Sata Akhund pledged their support to Emir Akhundzada in December 2016.[15]

Yousef Ahmadi, one of the Taliban's main spokesmen, stated on 20 July 2017 that Akhundzada's son Abdur Rahman was killed while carrying out a suicide attack on an Afghan military base in Gereshk in Helmand Province. An Afghan government official said that they were investigating the incident but could not confirm if Rahman was killed.[16]

In August 2019, Akhundzada's brother Hafiz Ahmadullah was killed in a bomb blast.[17] Ahmadullah succeeded Akhundzada as leader the Khair Ul Madarais mosque, which had served as the main meeting place of the Quetta Shura, after Akhundzada was appointed as the Taliban emir.[17] More of Akhundzada's relatives were later confirmed to have died in the blast as well.[18]

Reports of coronavirus illness

On 29 May 2020,[19] the website of Foreign Policy magazine published an unverified report from "Taliban officials" that Akhundzada was sick from contracting COVID-19, and was possibly dead.[20][21] Three "Taliban figures" in Quetta, Pakistan, anonymously contacted by Foreign Policy, "believed Akhunzada had died of" the novel coronavirus. Other Foreign Policy sources in the Quetta Shura reported that "Akhunzada went to Russia for treatment".[20] One of the Taliban sources who spoke on the record with Foreign Policy was influential senior commander Maulama Muhammad Ali Jan Ahmad,[19] who stated that although Akhundzada was ill from COVID-19, he had recovered.[20]

On 2 June, Taliban spokesman Zabiullah Mujahid declared in a tweet that none of the group's senior leaders including Mawlawi Akhundzada had contracted the disease or died.[19] In a story by Radio Azadi which was published the same day, Kabul-based "former Taliban military commander" Sayed Mohammad Akbar Agha told Radio Azadi that reports of Akhundzada's death were untrue. However, an anonymous Quetta-based "Taliban official" reached by Radio Azadi "could neither confirm nor deny" the death of Akhundzada.[20] British Taliban expert Antonio Giustozzi was also among those who backed allegations that numerous Taliban leaders, including Sirajuddin Haqqani, were in fact infected with COVID-19 and that their in-person meetings contributed to these infections.[19]

Further in the 29 May 2020 Foreign Policy report, Maulama Ali Jan Ahmed[19] claimed that a leadership handover had occurred, because "many of the Taliban's senior leaders in Quetta had caught COVID-19, including" deputy leader Haqqani; and that Mullah Mohammad Yaqoob was now running the insurgent group.[20] Radio Azadi quoted experts as stating that Mullah Yaqoob "supports the U.S.–Taliban agreement signed in February".[20] It was previously acknowledged on 7 May 2020 that Yaqoob had become head of the Taliban military commission, making him the insurgents' military chief.[22]

Writings

As a religious scholar, he has written many books and articles, including the May 2017 release Mujahedino ta de Amir ul-Mumenin Larshowene (Instructions to the Mujahedeen from the Commander of the Faithful).[23]

References
  1. "Afghan Taliban announce successor to Mullah Mansour". BBC News. 25 May 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
  2. Staff writer (26 May 2016). "Profile: New Taliban chief Mawlawi Hibatullah Akhundzada". BBC News. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  3. Deobandi Islam: The Religion of the Taliban. U.S. Navy Chaplain Corps, 15 October 2001
  4. "Statement by the Leadership Council of Islamic Emirate regarding the martyrdom of Amir ul Mumineen Mullah Akhtar Muhammad Mansour and the election of the new leader". Voice of Jihad. Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. 25 May 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  5. "Hibatullah – Meaning of Hibatullah". BabyNamesPedia.com. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
  6. "Hibatullah's Roots Were Non-Political And Reclusive" (29 May 2016), Tolo News. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  7. "Afghan Taliban says Haibatullah Akhunzada is new leader". Aljazeera. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
  8. Azami, Dawood (26 May 2016). "Mawlawi Hibatullah: Taliban's new leader signals continuity". BBC News. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  9. Mashal, Mujib; Shah, Taimoor (July 11, 2016). "Taliban's New Leader, More Scholar Than Fighter, Is Slow to Impose Himself". The New York Times. Kabul. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
  10. "Obama confirms Afghan Taliban leader's death, says chance for peace". Reuters. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
  11. "Taliban leader Mansoor killed by U.S. drone". USAToday.com. 2016-05-21. Retrieved 2016-05-22.
  12. Yusufzai, Mushtaq; Rahim, Fazul. "Taliban Confirm Death of Leader in U.S. Strike, Announce Replacement". NBC News. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
  13. O'Donnell, Lynne; Khan, Mirwais. "Afghan Taliban Appoint New Leader After Mansour's Death". ABC News. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
  14. "Afghan Taliban appoint Mullah Haibatullah Akhundzada as new leader". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
  15. unattributed reporter of The Daily Times - Daily Times of Pakistan 11.12.2016 Retrieved 2016-12-22
  16. Ahmad, Jibran (22 July 2017). "Son of Afghan Taliban leader dies carrying out suicide attack". Reuters. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
  17. "Brother of Afghan Taliban leader killed in Pakistan mosque blast". aljazeera.com. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  18. "Family of Taliban leader killed in 'assassination attempt' on eve of historic US peace deal". telegraph.co.uk. 16 August 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  19. https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/05/29/taliban-leadership-disarray-coronavirus-covid-peace-talks/
  20. "Taliban Officials Deny Report That Top Leader Died From Coronavirus". RFE/RL's Radio Azadi. 2 June 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  21. "Son dakika haberler... Taliban'ın lideri Ahundzade Koronavirüs nedeniyle öldü". Hürriyet. 6 June 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  22. Ben Farmer (7 May 2020), "Taliban founder's son appointed military chief of insurgents", The Telegraph. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  23. Alex Strick van Linschoten, Felix Kuehn (ed.), The Taliban Reader: War, Islam and Politics in their Own Words, Oxford University Press, 2018, p. 525
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