Hinduism by country

Hinduism has approximately 1.2 billion adherents worldwide (15% of world's population). Nepal (81.3%) and India (79.8%) are countries with Hindus being the majority of their respective populations. Along with Christianity (31.5%) and Islam (23.2%), Hinduism is one of the three major religions of the world by percentage of population. Hinduism is the third largest religion in the world after Christianity and Islam.[1]

Percentage of Hindus by country, according to the Pew Research Center.
Hinduism by country
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Asia
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Presently, India and Nepal are the two Hindu majority countries. Most Hindus are found in Asian countries. The countries with more than 5,000 Hindu residents and citizens include (in decreasing order) – India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia (especially in Bali, which is 84% Hindu), Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, United States, Myanmar, Thailand, United Kingdom, Canada, South Africa, Mauritius, and the Caribbean (West Indies).

There are significant numbers of Hindu enclaves around the world, with many in Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Hinduism is also practised by the non-Indic people like Balinese of Bali island (Indonesia), Tengger and Osing of Java (Indonesia) and Balamon Chams of Vietnam, Ghanaian Hindus in Ghana, Chinese Malaysians, Orang Asli of Malaysia and Butuanon people of Philippines.

Background

Hinduism is a heterogeneous religion and consists of many schools of thought. Hinduism has no traditional ecclesiastical order, no centralised religious authorities, no governing body, no prophets; Hindus can choose to be polytheistic, monotheistic, pantheistic, monistic, agnostic, humanist or atheistic.[2] Estimates of Hinduism by country reflects this diversity of thought and way of life.

Demographic estimates

Demographic estimates of Hindu population by country has been published by the Pew Research Center in 2012,[3] as well as US State Department's International Religious Freedom Report 2006.[4]

By total number, India has the most Hindus. With percentage, Nepal has the largest percentage of Hindu population in the world followed by India and Mauritius.[5] There are an estimated 60 to 70 million Hindus who lived outside India in 2010.[3] Only two countries in the world, in 2010, had a majority of its population as Hindus – Nepal and India. In Mauritius, Hindus comprise 48.5% i.e a plurality of its population in 2011 census. Bangladesh, Fiji, Bhutan, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Sri Lanka have very large and influential Hindu minorities.

By country

Sources used for the table below include the US State Department,[4] the CIA World Factbook[6] adherents.com,[7] Pew Research Center.[8][9] and as identified.

Hinduism by country
Region Country Percentage Total population Hindu total Census year
South Asia Afghanistan 0.01 - 0.69%[10][11] 31,889,923 1,000 - 220,000(est) 2017
Western Europe Andorra 0.4%[12] 60,000 300 - 400 >2012
Caribbean Anguilla 0.43%[13] 13,452 50 - 60 -NA-
Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda 0.4%[14] 81,799 379 -NA-
South America Argentina 0.01%[15] 40,301,927 4,000+ -NA-
Oceania Australia 1.9%[16] 23,401,400 440,300 2016
Central Europe Austria 0.1% [17] 8,900,000 11,000
Middle East Bahrain <1%–9.8%[18][note 1] 708,573 7,000 – 144,286[note 1]
South Asia Bangladesh 8.54%[21] 167,000,000 14,300,000 2011
Caribbean Barbados 0.46%[22] 226,193 1055
Western Europe Belgium 0.06%[23] 10,392,226 6,235
Central America and Caribbean Belize 0.2%[24] 294,385 612
South Asia Bhutan 22.6%[25]-25%[26][27] 742,737 185,700
Southern Africa Botswana 0.3%[28] 1372675 3,353
South America Brazil 0.0029%[29]-0.01% 192,755,799 5,675-9500
Southeast Asia Brunei 0.035%[30] 374,577 131
West Africa Burkina Faso 0.001% 14,326,203 150
Central Africa Burundi 0.1%[31][32] 8,390,505 8,391
Southeast Asia Cambodia 0.3%[33][34] 13,995,904 41,988
North America Canada 1.45%[35][36] 33,390,141 497,965 2011
Central Europe Czech Republic 0.023%[37] 10,436,560 2,404
South America Colombia 0.02%[38] 44,379,598 8,876
East Africa Comoros 0.1%(approx)
 711,417 711
Central Africa Congo (Kinshasa) 0.18%[9] 65,751,512 30,000[9]
Balkans Croatia 0.01% (approx)[39] 4,493,312 449
North America Cuba 0.21%[40] 11,394,043 23,927
West Africa Côte d'Ivoire 0.1%[41][42] 18,013,409 18,013
Western Europe Denmark 0.1%[43][44] 5,468,120 5,468
East Africa Djibouti 0.02%[45] 496,374 99
Caribbean Dominica 0.2%[46] 72,386 145
East Africa Eritrea 0.1% (approx)[47] 4,906,585 4,907
Eastern Europe Estonia 0.027% [48] 1,094,564 295
Oceania Fiji 27.9%[49][50] 935,974 261,136
Western Europe Finland 0.1%[51] 5,238,460 5,000
Western Europe France 0.1%[52][53] 63,718,187 63,718
Eastern Europe Georgia 0.01% (approx)[54] 4,646,003 465
Western Europe Germany 0.12%[55] 81,800,000 100,000
West Africa Ghana 0.05% (approx)[56] 22,931,299 11,466
Western Europe Gibraltar 2.0% [57] 32,194 628
Caribbean Grenada 0.7%[58] 89,971 630
Caribbean Guadeloupe 0.5%[59] 460,000 2,300
South America and Caribbean Guyana 24.83%[60] 769,095 190,966
Central Europe Hungary 0.02% 9,956,108 1,767[61]
South Asia India 79.8% [62][63][64] 1,320,000,000 1,053,000,000 (2011 Census)
Southeast Asia Indonesia 3.86 - 6.95%[65][66][67] 259,000,000 10,000,000 - 18,000,000
[note 2]
Middle East Iran <0.1[9] 65,397,521 20,000[9]
Western Europe Ireland 0.30%[71] 4,761,865 14,300 2016
Middle East Israel 0.1% (approx)[72] 6,426,679 6,427
Western Europe Italy 0.2% (approx)[73] 60,418,000 108,950
Caribbean Jamaica 0.07%[74] 2,780,132 1,836
East Asia Japan <0.1[9] 127,433,494 30,000[9]
East Africa Kenya 0.1%[9] 37,000,000 60,000[9]
East Asia Korea, South 0.015% (approx) 49,044,790 12,452
Middle East Kuwait 12%[75] 2,505,559 300,667[note 3]
Eastern Europe Latvia 0.012%[77] 1,481,823 179
Middle East Lebanon 0.1% (approx)[78] 4,925,502 4,926
Eastern Europe Lithuania 0.01% [79] 2,561,000 344
Southern Africa Lesotho 0.1% (approx)[80][81] 2,125,262 2,125
West Africa Liberia 0.1% (approx)[82] 3,195,931 3,196
North Africa Libya 0.1%[83][84] 6,036,914 6,037
Western Europe Luxembourg 0.07% (approx)[85] 480,222 336
Southern Africa Madagascar 0.1%[86][87] 19,448,815 19,449
Southern Africa Malawi 0.02%[88] – 0.2%[89] 13,603,181 2,721 – 2,726
Southeast Asia Malaysia 6.3%[90][91] 30,949,962 1,949,850
Caribbean Martinique 0.3%[92] 439202 1317
South Asia Maldives 0.01%[93] 369,031 37
Southern Africa Mauritius 48.5%[94][95] 1,236,817 600,327 2011
Eastern Europe Moldova 0.01% (approx)[96] 3,200,000 433
Southern Africa Mozambique 0.05%[97] – 0.2%[98] 20,905,585 10,453 – 41,811
Southeast Asia Myanmar 0.5%[99] 50,279,900[99] 252,763[99]
South Asia Nepal 81.3%[100][101] 28,901,790 23,500,000 2011
Western Europe Netherlands 0.58%[102] – 1.20%[103] 16,570,613 96,110 – 200,000
Oceania New Zealand 2.1%[104] 4,115,771 90,158
Western Europe Norway 0.5% 4,627,926 23,140
Middle East Oman 3%[105] – 5.7%[106] 3,204,897 96,147 – 182,679
South Asia Pakistan 1.85%[107] 196,000,000 3,626,000 2011
Central America Panama 0.3%[108][109] 3,242,173 9,726
Southeast Asia Philippines <0.1% [9] 102,000,000[110] 10,000[9]
Western Europe Portugal 0.07% 10,642,836 7,396
Central Europe Poland 0.008%[111] 30,575,000 2421
Caribbean Puerto Rico 0.09%[112] 3,944,259 3,550
Middle East Qatar 13.8%[113] 2,471,919[114] 358,800
East Africa Réunion 6.7%[115] 827,000 55,409
Eastern Europe Russia 0.1%[116] 141,377,752 143,000
Oceania Samoa 0.02% (approx) 187,429 38
Middle East Saudi Arabia 0.6%[117] – 1.1%[118] 27,601,038 303,611[note 4]
East Africa Seychelles 2.1%[9]-2.4%[120] 90,945 1,910
West Africa Sierra Leone 0.04%[121] – 0.1%[122] 6,144,562 2,458 – 6,145
Southeast Asia Singapore 5.0%[123][124] 5,600,000 280,000 2011
Central Europe Slovakia 0.1% (approx)
 5,447,502 5,448
Central Europe Slovenia 0.025% (approx)
 2,009,245 500
Southern Africa South Africa 0.9%[125]-1.1%[9] 49,991,300 505,000
South Asia Sri Lanka 12.6%[126] 21,200,000 2,671,000 2011
South America and Caribbean Suriname 22.3%[127] – 27.4%[128] 470,784 120,623 – 128,995
Southern Africa Swaziland 0.15%[129] – 0.2%[130] 1,133,066 1,700 – 2,266
Western Europe Sweden 0.078% – 0.12%[131] 9,031,088 7,044 – 10,837
Western Europe Switzerland 0.38%[132][133]-0.6%[134] 7,554,661 28,708-50,000[135][136]
East Africa Tanzania 0.11%[137] 39,384,223 50,000[137]
Caribbean Trinidad and Tobago 18.2%[138][139][140] 1,056,608 240,100 2011
Southeast Asia Thailand 0.1%[141] 65,068,149 65,000
Oceania Tonga 0.1%[142] 103,043 100
Eastern Europe Ukraine 0.1%[143] 42,386,400 42,386
East Africa Uganda 0.2%[144] 30,262,610 43,557
Middle East United Arab Emirates 5 - 20%[145] 9,682,000 490,000[note 5]
Western Europe United Kingdom 1.7%[147][148] 60,776,238 1,020,000 2017
North America United States 0.7%[149] 322,000,000 2,300,000 2015
Caribbean United States Virgin Islands 1.9%[150] 28,054 528
Central Asia Uzbekistan 0.01% (approx)
 27,780,059 2,778
Southeast Asia Vietnam 0.07% 85,262,356 70,000
Middle East Yemen 0.7%[151] 22,230,531 155,614
Southern Africa Zambia 0.14%[152][153] 11,477,447 16,068
Southern Africa Zimbabwe 0.02% 12,311,143 3,000
Total 16 7,500,000,000 1,100,000,000 - 1,120,000,000

By region

These percentages were calculated by using the above numbers. The first percentage, 4th column, is the percentage of population that is Hindu in a region (Hindus in the region * 100/total population of the region). The last column shows the Hindu percentage compared to the total Hindu population of the world (Hindus in the region * 100/total Hindu population of the world).

(Note: Egypt, Sudan, and other Arab Maghreb countries are counted as part of North Africa, not Middle East).

Hinduism in Africa
Region Total Population Hindus % of Hindus % of Hindu total
Central Africa 193,121,055 0 0% 0%
East Africa 193,741,900 667,694 0.345% 0.071%
North Africa 202,151,323 5,765 0.003% 0.001%
Southern Africa 137,092,019 1,269,844 0.926% 0.135%
West Africa 268,997,245 70,402 0.026% 0.007%
Total 885,103,542 2,013,705 0.225% 0.213%
Hinduism in Asia
Region Total Population Hindus % of Hindus % of Hindu total
Central Asia 92,019,166 149,644 0.163% 0.016%
East Asia 1,527,960,261 130,631 0.009% 0.014%
West Asia 274,775,527 3,187,673 1.5% 0.084%
South Asia 1,437,326,682 1,068,728,901 70.05% 98.475%
Southeast Asia 571,337,070 6,386,614 1.118% 0.677%
Total 3,903,418,706 1,074,728,901 26.01% 99.266%
Hinduism in Europe
Region Total Population Hindus % of Hindus % of Hindu total
Balkans 65,407,609 449 0.001% 0.001%
Central Europe 74,510,241 163 0% 0%
Eastern Europe 212,821,296 717,101 0.337% 0.076%
Western Europe 375,832,557 1,313,640 0.348% 0.138%
Total 728,571,703 2,030,904 0.278% 0.214%
Hinduism in The Americas
Region Total Population Hindus % of Hindus % of Hindu total
Caribbean 24,898,266 279,515 1.123% 0.030%
Central America 41,135,205 5,833 0.014% 0.006%
North America 446,088,748 2,131,127 0.478% 0.191%
South America 371,075,531 389,869 0.105% 0.041%
Total 883,197,750 2,806,344 0.281% 0.263%
Hinduism in Oceania
Region Total Population Hindus % of Hindus % of Hindu total
Oceania 38,552,683 791,615 2.053% 0.071%
Total 38,552,683 791,615 2.053% 0.071%

Projections

In 2015, the Pew Research Center projected that Hindus will continue to make up 15% of the world's population through 2050. They predict that the following ten countries will have the most Hindus in 2050:[154]

 India: 1.297 billion.

   Nepal: 38.12 million.

 Bangladesh: 14.47 million.

 Pakistan: 5.63 million.

 America: 4.78 million.

 Indonesia: 4.15 million.

 Sri Lanka: 3.43 million.

 Malaysia: 2.27 million.

 United Kingdom: 1.37 million.

 Canada: 1.07 million.

See also

Notes
  1. The estimates vary depending on whether temporary workers are included or not. The official census of the Bahrain government states that 99% of its citizens are Muslims, and the remaining 1% includes Jews, Christians, Hindus, and Bahais.[19] According to a 2017 publication by Abdullahi An-Na'im, the Muslims in Bahrain constitute 99.3% of the total population.[20]
  2. The lower number is based on Pew Research estimate and is primarily concentrated in the island of Bali, Indonesia and nearby provinces of Indonesia. The higher number is based on a 2010 estimate by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Government of Indonesia.[68] The largest Hindu organization in Indonesia Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia states that the Indonesian census greatly underestimates Hindu population, because predominantly Muslim nation of Indonesia does not recognize all forms of Hinduism, and only recognizes monotheistic Hinduism under its constitution.[69][70]
  3. The estimates vary depending on whether temporary workers – with no residency nor right to openly practice their religion – are included or not. The official Kuwaiti government census data does not count Hindus as residents or citizens of Kuwait.[76]
  4. The estimates vary depending on whether temporary workers – with no residency nor right to openly practice their religion – are included or not. The Saudi Arabian government mandates that all Saudi citizens must be Muslims, and it prohibits public practice of Hinduism and other non-Muslim religions.[119]
  5. The estimates vary depending on whether temporary workers – with no residency nor right to openly practice their religion – are included or not. 80% of the UAE population is non-citizen temporary workers, and estimated 25% of these workers may be Hindu. Only Sunni Muslims can be naturalized new citizens in UAE. According to the US State Department, the federal constitution of the UAE designates Islam as the official religion, and Islam is also the official religion of all seven of the individual emirates in the federal union. The Government does not recognize all non-Muslim religions and only a limited number of Christian groups are granted legal recognition in UAE. Non-Muslim and non-Christian religions such as Hinduism are not recognized legally in any of the emirates.[146]

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