Hong Chaosheng

Hong Chaosheng (Chinese: 洪朝生; pinyin: Hóng Cháoshēng; Wade–Giles: Hung Ch'ao-sheng; 10 October 1920 – 19 August 2018) was a Chinese physicist best known for studying cryogenics.[1] Hong was the teacher of Zhao Zhongxian, a laureate of Highest Science and Technology Award, the highest scientific award issued by the Chinese Academy of Sciences to scientists working in China.

In this Chinese name, the family name is Hong.
Hong Chaosheng
洪朝生
Hong Chaosheng (left) and Deng Jiaxian (right) in Purdue University in 1950.
Born(1920-10-10)October 10, 1920
Beijing, China
DiedAugust 19, 2018(2018-08-19) (aged 97)
Beijing, China
Alma materTsinghua University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Spouse(s)Li Ying
Scientific career
FieldsCryogenics
Semiconductor
InstitutionsChinese Academy of Sciences
Notable studentsZhao Zhongxian

He was a delegate to the 3rd National People's Congress. He was a member of the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

Biography

Hong was born in Beijing on October 10, 1920, to Hong Guantao (Chinese: 洪观涛), a railway engineer and member of Tongmenghui, and Gao Junyuan (Chinese: 高君远), daughter of publisher Gao Mengdan (Chinese: 高梦旦).[2] He had two elder sisters, Hong Jing (Chinese: 洪晶) and Hong Ying (Chinese: 洪盈). He primarily studied at the Yuying School (Chinese: 育英学校) and secondary studied at Huiwen High School (Chinese: 汇文学校), both were missionary schools.[3][4] After high school, he studied at Tsinghua University, and then taught at National Southwestern Associated University. He arrived in the United States in 1945 at the age of 25 to begin his education at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. After university, he worked at Purdue University. In 1950 he went to Netherlands to work at Leiden University.[5][6]

He returned to China in 1952 and that year became professor of Department of Physics at Tsinghua University, Peking University and the University of Science and Technology of China. He joined the Jiusan Society. In 1953, he became a researcher at the Institute of Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, where he was deputy director in 1978. He was accepted as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980. In September 2005, he was hired as a part-time professor at the Graduate College of Chinese Academy of Sciences.[5][6]

On August 19, 2018, he died of illness at Beijing, aged 98.[5]

Personal life

Hong married Li Ying (Chinese: 李滢).

Papers
  • Hung C. S., Gliessman J. R. 1950. The resistivity and hall effect ofgermanium at low temper peratures. Phys Rev (Lett), 79: 726.
  • Hung C. S. 1950. Theory ofresistivity and hall Effect at very low temperatures. Phys Rev (Lett), 79: 727.
  • Hung C. S., Johnson V. A. 1950. Resistivity ofsemiconductors containing both acceptors and donors. Phys Rev ( Lett), 79: 535.
  • Hung C. S. 1950. Thermionic emission from oxide cathodes:retarding and accelerating fields. J Appl Phys, 21(1): 37.
  • Hung C. S., Baum R. M. 1952. Activation energy of heat treatmentintroduced lattice defects in germanium. Phys Rev, 88(1): 134.
  • Hung C. S., Hunt B, Winkel P. 1952. Transport phenomena of liquidhelium II in narrow slits. Phys, 18(8/9): 629.
  • Hung C. S., Gliessman J. R. 1954. Resistivity andhall effect of germanium at low temperatures. Phys Rev, 96: 1226.
  • Li L. F., Hung C. S., Li Y. Y., Zhang Z. 1996. MartensiticTransformation in ZrO2-CeO2System at CryogenicTemperatures. Cryogenics, 36: 7.

Awards
  • 1989 Hu Gangfu Physical Award of Chinese Physical Society
  • 2000 International Cryogenic Engineering Council Mendelsohn Prize
  • 2011 Samuel Corinth Prize

References
  1. "Professor HONG Chaosheng". ipc.cas.cn. 2018. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  2. 李来风：我的恩师洪朝生先生. Sohu (in Chinese). 2018-08-27.
  3. 98岁中科院院士洪朝生去世：我国低温物理开创者. guancha.cn (in Chinese). 2018-08-20.
  4. 送别低温王国拓荒人：洪朝生先生. Sohu (in Chinese). 2018-08-27.
  5. 著名物理学家、中国低温物理和低温技术研究开创者洪朝生逝世. thepaper.cn (in Chinese). 2018-08-20.
  6. 洪朝生：科研有道，育人有方. Xinhuanet (in Chinese). 2016-08-24.
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