Huang Daozhou

Huang Daozhou (Chinese: 黃道周, 1585–1646) was a Chinese calligrapher, scholar and official of the Ming Dynasty.

Huang Daozhou
黃道周
Portrait of Huang Daozhou by Zeng Jing

Senior Grand Secretary
In office 1645–1645
Preceded by	Ma Shiying
Succeeded by	Lu Zhenfei

Personal details
Born	1585 Tongshan (modern Dongshan), Zhangpu, Fujian, Ming Dynasty
Died	1646 (1647) (aged 61)

Huang obtained the degree of Jinshi in 1622. He subsequently held various government positions, including Minister for Education. He was known for providing candid advice to the emperors. This made him very unpopular with the Chongzhen Emperor. As a result, Huang was demoted and sent to prison.

In his later years, he volunteered to fight against the Manchurian invasion. He was captured and, refusing to surrender, was killed by the Manchurian army.

References

Huang Daozhou Brief Biography

Senior Grand Secretaries of the Ming dynasty
Yongle era	Xie Jin Hu Guang Yang Rong
Hongxi & Xuande era	Yang Shiqi
Zhengtong era	Yang Shiqi Yang Pu Cao Nai Chen Xun
Jingtai era	Chen Xun
Tianshun era	Chen Xun Gao Gu (acting) Xu Youzhen Xu Bin Li Xian
Chenghua era	Li Xian Chen Wen Li Xian Chen Wen Peng Shi Shang Lu Wan An Liu Ji
Hongzhi era	Liu Ji Xu Pu Liu Jian
Zhengde era	Liu Jian Li Dongyang Yang Tinghe Liang Chu Yang Tinghe
Jiajing era	Yang Tinghe Jiang Mian Mao Ji Fei Hong Yang Yiqing Fei Hong Yang Yiqing Zhang Cong Zhai Luan Zhang Fujing Fang Xianfu Zhang Fujing Li Shi Xia Yan Gu Dingchen (acting) Xia Yan Zhai Luan Xia Yan Zhai Luan Yan Song Xia Yan Yan Song Xu Jie
Longqing era	Xu Jie Li Chunfang Gao Gong Zhang Juzheng
Wanli era	Zhang Juzheng Zhang Siwei Shen Shixing Wang Jiaping Zhao Zhigao Wang Xijue Zhao Zhigao Shen Yiguan Zhu Geng Li Tingji Ye Xianggao Fang Congzhe
Taichang era	Fang Congzhe Liu Yijing
Tianqi era	Liu Yijing Ye Xianggao Han Kuang Zhu Guozhen Gu Bingqian Huang Liji Shi Fenglai
Chongzhen era	Shi Fenglai Li Guopu Lai Zongdao Zhou Daodeng Han Kuang Li Biao Cheng Jiming Zhou Tingru Wen Tiren Zhang Zhifa Kong Zhenyun Liu Yuliang Xue Guoguan Fan Fucui Zhang Sizhi (acting) Zhou Tingru Chen Yan Jiang Dejing (acting) Wei Zaode Li Jiantai (acting)
Southern Ming regimes	Shi Kefa Gao Hongtu Ma Shiying Huang Daozhou Lu Zhenfei Ding Kuichu Fang Fengnian# Ke Xiaqing (acting)# Li Zhichun (acting)# Xiong Rulin# Ma Sili# Zhang Kentang# Shen Chenquan# Qu Shisi (acting) Wu Bing Qu Shisi (acting) Yan Qiheng Huang Shijun Yan Qiheng Wen Anzhi Wu Zhenyu Ding Jishan Ma Jixiang Zhang Huangyan
#: Senior Grand Secretaries of Zhu Yihai regime.

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