Huma County

Huma County (simplified Chinese: 呼玛县; traditional Chinese: 呼瑪縣; pinyin: Hūmǎ xiàn; Manchu: Hūmar Siyan; Russian: Кумары) is a county in the far north of the Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China. The county seat is located on the right (southwestern) bank of the Amur River, a few kilometers upstream from the fall of the Huma River (formerly also known as Houmar) into the Amur. It is under the administration of the Daxing'anling Prefecture.

For other uses, see Huma.
Huma County

呼玛县
County
The Huma River was shown as Houmar on early maps (1773), the surrounding region labeled Houmari
Huma County (red) in Daxing'anling Prefecture (yellow) and Heilongjiang
Huma
Location of the seat in Heilongjiang
Coordinates: 51°44′N 126°39′E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceHeilongjiang
PrefectureDaxing'anling
Area
 • Total14,285 km2 (5,515 sq mi)
Elevation
170 m (560 ft)
Population
 • Total340,000
 • Density24/km2 (62/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
165100
Area code(s)0457

The opposite side of the Amur River is in Amurskaya Oblast', Russia, where there is a village with the same name in Russified form, Kumara (Russian: Кумара)[1]

History
Huma (labelled as Hu-ma 呼瑪) (1951)
Oupu (labelled as Ou-p'u 鷗浦) (1951)

Kumarsk, the predecessor of the present-day Huma, was a fortified Russian town in the Amur River region, founded in 1652 by Yerofey Khabarov and his companions, during his retreat from Achansk, corresponding to the present-day Khabarovsk, where he was besieged by Manchu and Daur allied forces.

On 13 March 1655, the Komar fortress, defended by the ataman Onufriy Stepanov and his 500 Cossacks, was besieged by a Qing army led by Ming'andali (明安達理) consisting of 10,000 men. The outnumbered defenders repulsed several assaults. The defeated Manchu lift the siege the following month (on 3 April 1655). The town was ceded to Qing Empire after the treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689.

Climate

Huma County has a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen Dwb) with very warm, humid summers and severely cold, extremely dry winters. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −24.7 °C (−12.5 °F) in January to 20.9 °C (69.6 °F), and although temperatures consistently average above 10 °C (50 °F) from May to September, the annual mean, at −0.37 °C (31.3 °F), is low enough to form sporadic permafrost on sheltered sites, which is unusual for areas with this climatic classification. More than 70% of the annual precipitation occurs from June to September. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 52% in July and December to 73% in February, sunshine is generous and the area receives 2,595 hours of bright sunshine annually.

Climate data for Huma County (1981−2010 normals, extremes 1971−2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) −1.9
(28.6)		 5.1
(41.2)		 18.9
(66.0)		 27.6
(81.7)		 36.2
(97.2)		 40.5
(104.9)		 39.4
(102.9)		 36.5
(97.7)		 31.3
(88.3)		 28.6
(83.5)		 12.1
(53.8)		 1.0
(33.8)		 40.5
(104.9)
Average high °C (°F) −18.3
(−0.9)		 −10.9
(12.4)		 −1.6
(29.1)		 10.0
(50.0)		 18.9
(66.0)		 25.3
(77.5)		 26.8
(80.2)		 24.5
(76.1)		 18.0
(64.4)		 7.5
(45.5)		 −7.4
(18.7)		 −17.7
(0.1)		 6.3
(43.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −24.7
(−12.5)		 −19.1
(−2.4)		 −9.1
(15.6)		 3.4
(38.1)		 11.8
(53.2)		 18.5
(65.3)		 20.9
(69.6)		 18.4
(65.1)		 11.1
(52.0)		 1.1
(34.0)		 −13.3
(8.1)		 −23.4
(−10.1)		 −0.4
(31.3)
Average low °C (°F) −29.7
(−21.5)		 −25.8
(−14.4)		 −16.3
(2.7)		 −3.0
(26.6)		 4.6
(40.3)		 11.7
(53.1)		 15.5
(59.9)		 13.1
(55.6)		 5.5
(41.9)		 −4.2
(24.4)		 −18.2
(−0.8)		 −27.9
(−18.2)		 −6.2
(20.8)
Record low °C (°F) −48.2
(−54.8)		 −43.3
(−45.9)		 −40.0
(−40.0)		 −20.4
(−4.7)		 −7.2
(19.0)		 0.4
(32.7)		 5.7
(42.3)		 2.0
(35.6)		 −8.4
(16.9)		 −22.2
(−8.0)		 −37.0
(−34.6)		 −45.2
(−49.4)		 −48.2
(−54.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 5.7
(0.22)		 3.9
(0.15)		 7.7
(0.30)		 22.6
(0.89)		 43.9
(1.73)		 75.2
(2.96)		 117.8
(4.64)		 111.2
(4.38)		 45.2
(1.78)		 21.8
(0.86)		 11.0
(0.43)		 7.5
(0.30)		 473.5
(18.64)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 7.7 4.6 4.8 7.5 10.2 13.6 14.5 14.2 11.4 7.2 7.1 8.5 111.3
Average relative humidity (%) 71 67 58 51 51 66 75 77 70 60 68 73 66
Mean monthly sunshine hours 146.7 200.4 252.7 235.8 271.8 282.0 260.7 243.8 210.0 202.5 162.2 126.5 2,595.1
Percent possible sunshine 57 72 69 57 57 57 52 54 55 61 61 52 59
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration (sunshine 1971–2000)[2][3]
Source 2: Weather China (precipitation days and records 1971–2000)

References
  1. As per Google maps, https://maps.google.com/maps?q=51.725,126.650556&ie=UTF8&ll=51.725327,126.650391&spn=1.235174,2.471924&z=9&iwloc=addr
  2. 中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data (in Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  3. 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）. China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
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