Hwasong-12

The Hwasong-12 (Korean: 화성 12, meaning Mars 12; KN-17 under the U.S. naming convention)[8] is a mobile intermediate-range ballistic missile developed by North Korea. The Hwasong-12 was first revealed to the international community in a military parade on 14 April 2017 celebrating the Day of the Sun which is the birthday anniversary of North Korea's founding President, Kim Il-sung.

Hwasong-12
TypeBallistic missile, Mobile IRBM/ICBM
Place of originNorth Korea
Service history
In serviceSuccessful test on 14 May 2017[1]
Used byNorth Korea
Production history
ManufacturerNorth Korea
ProducedJune 2017 (38 built as of January 2019)
Specifications
Mass24.7 tons (est.)
Height16.5 m (est.)
Diameter1.5 m (est)
Warhead
Warhead weight500-650 kg (est.)
EngineLiquid-propellant rocket, single chamber variant of Paektusan[2][3][4]
464.1 kN total
PropellantHypergolic combination of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) as fuel, and either Dinitrogen tetroxide (N
2O
4)
Operational
range
3,700–6,000 km (est.)[5][6]
Flight altitude2,111.5 km at lofted trajectory (which reduces range to 787 km)
Guidance
system
Inertial
Accuracygreater than 5 km CEP[7]
Launch
platform
MAZ-based vehicle
Korean name
Chosŏn'gŭl
화성 12
Hancha
Revised RomanizationHwaseong-12
McCune–ReischauerHwasŏng-12

Design
Estimated maximum operational range of the Hwasong-12 (KN-17) missile: 3700 km (inner circle), 6000 km (outer circle)

Based on photos of the launch on 14 May 2017, the Hwasong-12 appears to be a single stage design, using a single main engine along with four vernier engines. The arrangement appears similar to the "high-thrust" engine test conducted in March 2017.[9] Alternatively, it could be based on the engine used in the older Hwasong-10 with the addition of two more verniers.[5]

Initial estimates suggest the Hwasong-12 would have a maximum range of between 3,700 kilometres (2,300 mi)[5] and 6000 km (3728 mi.) (ICBM means a range of at least 5500 km).[6] In the April 2017 military parade the Hwasong-12 was displayed on the Hwasong-10 mobile launcher, and it may be intended to replace the similarly performing Hwasong-10 which has been shown unreliable during its test program.[10][11]

List of Hwasong-12 tests
Trajectory of Hwasong-12
North Korean missile launches over Japan
①: Taepodong-1 ②: Unha-2 ③: Unha-3 ④: Kwangmyŏngsŏng (Unha-3) ⑤: Hwasong-12 ⑥: Hwasong-12
AttemptDateLocationPre-launch announcement / detectionOutcomeAdditional Notes
1 4 April 2017 06:12 a.m. Pyongyang Standard Time[12]SinpoNone FailedPreviously misreported as a SCUD variant.[13] Missile traveled a range of 60 kilometers with an apogee of 189 kilometers and reportedly "pinwheeled" before flight was terminated.[14]
2 15 April 2017 05:51 a.m. Pyongyang Standard Time[15]SinpoNone FailedPreviously misreported as a SCUD variant.[13] Reported to have exploded within 4, 5 seconds after launch.[16]
3 28 April 2017 05:33 a.m. Pyongyang Standard Time[17]Pukchang
39.5076°N 125.9645°E / 39.5076; 125.9645		None FailedMissile reportedly flew 40 kilometers before exploding.[18]
4 14 May 2017 04:58 a.m. Pyongyang Standard Time[19]KusongNone SuccessMissile was fired on a lofted trajectory with apogee of 2,111.5 km, landing 787 km away in the Sea of Japan.
5 29 August 2017 05:28 a.m. Pyongyang Standard Time[20][21]SunanNone SuccessMissile was fired on a normal trajectory with apogee of 550 km, flew over Hokkaido in total distance of 2700 km, landed in the Pacific Ocean 1180 km east of the northern Japanese island.
6 15 September 2017 06:27 a.m. Pyongyang Standard Time[22][23]SunanNone SuccessMissile was fired on a normal trajectory with apogee of 770 km, flew over Hokkaido in total distance of 3700 km, landed in the Pacific Ocean 2200 km east of Cape Erimo, Hokkaido. Longest trajectory by a North Korean missile as of launch date.

Technical specifications
Estimated maximum range of some North Korean missiles[24]

Current operators

See also

References
  1. (Kim Jong Un Guides Test-fire of Ballistic Rocket Hwasong-12) - Youtube, courtesy of KCNA/ChosunTV
  2. http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets/Specials/Hwasong-12/index.htm
  3. Diplomat, Ankit Panda and Vipin Narang, The. "North Korea's ICBM: A New Missile and a New Era". Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  4. "North Korea's Hwasong-12 Missile: Stepping Stone to an ICBM - NTI". www.nti.org. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  5. Savelsberg, Ralph (19 May 2017). "A Quick Technical Analysis of the Hwasong-12". 38 North. U.S.-Korea Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  6. 김효정 (15 May 2017). "北 "신형 중장거리미사일 발사 성공"…김정은 "美본토 타격권"(종합)". Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  7. http://www.businessinsider.com/north-korea-threaten-guam-hwasong-12-error-not-work-2017-8
  8. "Hwasong-12 - Missile Threat". Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  9. "Kim Jong Un Watches Ground Jet Test of Newly Developed High-Thrust Engine". NK Watch. KCNA. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
  10. Schilling, John (14 May 2017). "North Korea's Latest Missile Test: Advancing towards an Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) While Avoiding US Military Action". 38 North. U.S.-Korea Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  11. Panda, Ankit (15 May 2017). "North Korea's New Intermediate-Range Ballistic Missile, the Hwasong-12: First Takeaways". The Diplomat. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  12. "U.S. Pacific Command detects, tracks North Korean missile launch". US Forces Korea. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  13. Tomlinson, Lucas. "NoKo failed missile is KN-17, new type of Scud, US officials tell Fox". Fox News. Fox. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  14. Wright, David. "North Korea's April 5 Missile Launch". All Things Nuclear. Union of Concerned Scientists. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  15. "U.S. Pacific Command detects North Korean missile launch". US Forces Korea. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  16. Schabnder, Dean. "North Korea's attempted missile launch fails, US officials say". ABC. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  17. "U.S. Pacific Command detects North Korean missile launch". US Forces Korea. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  18. Tomlinson, Lucas (28 April 2017). "North Korea test-fires a ballistic missile that breaks up in flight, US officials say". Fox News. Fox. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  19. "U.S. Pacific Command detects, tracks North Korean missile launch". US Forces Korea. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  20. "Nordkoreas Diktator hat sich für eine erneute Provokation entschieden. Die USA reagieren scharf: "Alle Optionen sind auf dem Tisch". (in German)". Abendblatt. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
  21. "Trump and Abe vow to increase pressure after North Korea fires missile over Japan". The Gurdian. 29 August 2017.
  22. "PACOM detects NK IRBM". US Forces Korea. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  23. "Nordkorea feuert erneut Rakete über Japan hinweg". Abendblatt. Retrieved 15 September 2017.
  24. "How potent are North Korea's threats?". BBC News Online. 15 September 2015.
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