Hygienic Manufacturing Company

Hygienic Manufacturing Company, also known as Overton Hygienic Company, was a cosmetics company established by Anthony Overton. It was one of the nation's largest producers of African-American cosmetics. Anthony Overton also ran other businesses from the building, including the Victory Life Insurance Company and Douglass National Bank, the first nationally chartered, African-American-owned bank.[2] The Overton Hygienic Building is a Chicago Landmark and part of the Black Metropolis-Bronzeville District in the Douglas community area of Chicago, Illinois. It is located at 3619-3627 South State Street.

Overton Hygienic Building
Location3619-27 S. State St.
Chicago, Illinois
Coordinates41°49′40.94″N 87°37′34.26″W
Built1922
ArchitectSmith, Z. Erol
MPSBlack Metropolis TR
NRHP reference No.86001091 [1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPApril 30, 1986
Designated CLSeptember 9, 1998

The building was commissioned by Anthony Overton in 1922 as a combination of a store, office, and manufacturing building. It was regarded as one of the most important buildings within the district.[3] Overton would later commission the Chicago Bee Building in 1929.

Walter T. Bailey, the first licensed African-American architect in the state of Illinois, had his first Chicago office on the second floor of the Overton Hygienic Building.[4][5][6]

The building was later named the Palace Hotel and served for some time as a flophouse, with residents crowded into stalls 8 feet by 5½ feet. The second, third, and fourth floors each housed 125 stalls, with dormitory-style bathrooms and showers, for a total of 375 stalls.[7] The building is now owned and being developed by the Mid-South Planning and Development Commission, which will use the building as an incubator for small businesses and startups within the Black Metropolis neighborhood.[8]

References
  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
  2. "Chicago Landmarks - Overton Hygienic Building". Chicago Landmarks Commission. 2003. Retrieved 2007-06-26.
  3. "National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Submission: Black Metropolis Thematic Nomination". November 7, 1985. Retrieved 2007-06-26.
  4. Bey, Lee. "Art Moderne beauty: First Church of Deliverance Archived 2012-09-15 at the Wayback Machine", WBEZ, 91.5, February 15, 2010, accessed November 29, 2010.
  5. Savage, Beth L. and National Register of Historic Places. African-American Historic Places, (Google Books link), John Wiley and Sons, 1994, p. 207, (ISBN 0471143456).
  6. Wilson, Dreck Spurlock. African-American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary (1865-1945), (Google Books link), Taylor & Francis, 2004, pp. 15-17, (ISBN 0415929598).
  7. "The View from the Ground - Blog Archive - Up on the Roof". June 30, 2001. Retrieved 2007-06-26.
  8. "Chicago Travel Itinerary - Overton Hygienic Building". National Park Service. Retrieved 2007-06-26.
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