Il bravo

Il bravo, ossia La Veneziana ("The Assassin, or The Venetian Woman") is an opera in three acts by Saverio Mercadante to an Italian-language libretto by Gaetano Rossi and Marco Marcello. Their libretto was based on the play La Vénétienne by Auguste Anicet-Bourgeois, which was in turn based on James Fenimore Cooper's novel The Bravo. The opera premiered on 9 March 1839 at La Scala, Milan and subsequently played throughout Italy and abroad.[1][2] The opera was still being occasionally performed and recorded in the 20th century.[3][4] and was hailed as an "exciting rediscovery" when it was staged by the Wexford Festival in 2018.[5]

Il bravo
Opera by Saverio Mercadante
Costume for the opera's protagonist "Il bravo" (designed for the 1840 Naples production)
LibrettistGaetano Rossi
LanguageItalian
Premiere
9 March 1839 (1839-03-09)
La Scala, Milan

Roles
Roles, voice types, premiere cast
Role Voice type Premiere cast, 9 March 1839[2]
(Conductor: Eugenio Cavallini)
Carlo ("Il bravo"), a hired assassin tenor Domenico Donzelli
Violetta, an orphan from Genoa soprano Eugenia Tadolini
Teodora, a mysterious Venetian woman soprano Sofia Dall'Oca-Schoberlechner
Pisani, an exiled Venetian patrician tenor Andrea Castellan
Foscari, a Venetian patrician baritone Pietro Balzar
Cappello, a Venetian patrician tenor Antonio Benciolini
Michelina, Teodora's maid soprano Angela "Angiolina" Villa
Marco, Teodora's gondolier bass Eutimio Polonini
Luigi, Foscari's servant bass Luigi Quattrini
Messenger tenor Napoleone Marconi
The Doge of Venice, Venetian senators, knights, counsellors, citizens, artisans, gondoliers, commedia dell'arte players, soldiers, guards, servants, pages, and squires

Summary

In order to save his father's life, Carlo has accepted to become a henchman and to serve the government of Venice. When ordered to murder Theodora, he finds that the latter is his former wife : he tried to kill her because he thought (mistakenly) she had betrayed him. Foscari, a patrician, was in love with Theodora, and now loves her daughter, Violetta, but the latter is in love with Pisani, an exiled patrician. The lovers manage to escape, while Theodora kills herself in the hope of saving Carlo's father's life. Carlo, however, discovers that his father is already dead.

Recordings
  • 1976: Orchestra and Chorus of the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma, Gabriele Ferro (conductor); William Johns (Il bravo), Miwako Matsumoto (Violetta), Maria Parazzini (Teodora), Paolo Washington (Foscari), Antonio Savastano (Pisani), Gino Sinimberghi (Cappello), Loris Gambelli (Marco), Mario Macchi (Luigi), Giovanna di Rocco (Michelina). Recorded live. Label: Warner Fonit
  • 1990: Orchestra Internazionale d'Italia, Slovak Philharmonic Chorus, Bruno Aprea (conductor); Dino Di Domenico (Il bravo), Janet Perry (Violetta), Adelisa Tabiadon (Teodora), Stefano Antonucci (Foscari), Sergio Bertocchi (Pisani), Leonardo De Lisi (Cappello), Ambrogio Riva (Marco), Giuseppe De Matteis (Luigi), Maria Cristina Zanni (Michelina). Recorded live. Label: Nuova Era

References
  1. Mesa, Franklin (2007). Opera: An Encyclopedia of World Premieres and Significant Performances, p. 39. . McFarland. ISBN 1476605378
  2. Casaglia, Gherardo (2005)."Il bravo, 9 March 1839". L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia (in Italian).}}
  3. William Shaman, Smith, Edward Joseph; Collins, William J.; and Goodwin, Calvin M. (1999) More EJS: Discography of the Edward J. Smith Recordings, p. 231. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0313298351
  4. Comitato Nazionale Italiano Musica (2009). Opera 2009. Annuario dell'opera lirica in Italia, p. 376. EDT srl. ISBN 8860404975 (in Italian)
  5. Hall, George (22 October 2018). "Il Bravo review at National Opera House, Wexford – 'an exciting rediscovery'". The Stage. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
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