Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle

The Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (Indonesian: Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan, PDI-P) is an Indonesian political party, and the party of the current President of Indonesia, Joko Widodo.

Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan
Abbreviation	PDI Perjuangan, PDI-P
President of Indonesia	Joko Widodo
General chairwoman	Megawati Sukarnoputri
Secretary-General	Hasto Kristiyanto
Founded	10 January 1973 (PDI inheritance claim) 15 February 1999
Split from	PDI
Headquarters	Jakarta
Youth wing	BMI (Indonesian Young Bulls) TMP (Red White Cadets)
Muslim wing	Bamusi (Indonesian Muslims Abode)
Ideology	Pancasila Marhaenism[1] Economic nationalism[2] Nationalism[2] Populism[2]
Political position	Centre-left[3]
International affiliation	Progressive Alliance[4] Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
Slogan	Our work, Indonesia's work (Indonesian: Kerja Kita, Kerja Indonesia)
Ballot number	3
DPR seats	128 / 575
Provincial DPRD seats	418 / 2,207
Website
www.pdiperjuangan.id
Politics of Indonesia Political parties Elections

The PDI-P was founded and is currently led by Megawati Sukarnoputri, president of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004, and daughter of Sukarno, the first president of Indonesia. Megawati was forced out from the leadership of the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) by the government of Indonesia under Suharto in 1996. Megawati formed the PDI-P in 1999, after Suharto resigned and restrictions on political parties were lifted.

The party's ideology is based on the official Indonesian national philosophy, Pancasila.[5] It is a member of the Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats and Progressive Alliance.

Origins

Party head office on Jalan Diponegoro, Menteng, Jakarta

At the 1993 National Congress, Megawati Sukarnoputri was elected Chairperson of the Indonesian Democratic Party, one of the three political parties recognised by President Suharto's "New Order" government. This result was not recognised by the government, which continued to push for Budi Harjono, its preferred candidate for the chairpersonship, to be elected. A Special Congress was held where the government expected to have Harjono elected, but Megawati once again emerged as elected leader. Her position was consolidated further when a PDI National Assembly ratified the results of the congress.

In June 1996, another National Congress was held in the city of Medan, to which Megawati was not invited; anti-Megawati members were in attendance. With the government's backing, Suryadi, a former chairperson was re-elected as PDI's Chairperson. Megawati refused to acknowledge the results of this congress and continued to see herself as the rightful leader of the PDI.

On the morning of 27 July 1996, Suryadi threatened to take back PDI's headquarters in Jakarta.[6] Suryadi's supporters (reportedly with the Government's backing) attacked the PDI Headquarters and faced resistance from Megawati supporters who had been stationed there since the National Congress in Medan. In the ensuing clash, Megawati's supporters managed to hold on to the headquarters. A riot ensued – at that stage considered the worst that Jakarta had seen during the "New Order" – which was followed by a government crackdown. The government later blamed the riots on the People's Democracy Party (PRD). Despite being overthrown as chairperson by Suryadi and the government, the event lifted Megawati's profile immensely, providing both sympathy and national popularity.

The PDI was now divided into two factions, Megawati's and Suryadi's. The former had wanted to participate in the 1997 legislative elections, but the government only recognized the latter. In the elections, Megawati and her supporters threw their support behind the United Development Party and the PDI won only 3% of the vote. Following Suharto's resignation and the lifting of the "New Order" limitations on national political parties, Megawati declared the formation of the PDI-P, adding the suffix perjuangan ("struggle") to differentiate her faction of the party from the government-backed faction. She was elected chairperson of PDI-P and was nominated for the presidency in 1999.

History

1999 legislative elections and MPR General Session

PDI-P was by far the most popular political party coming into the 1999 legislative elections. With 33% of the votes, PDI-P emerged with the largest share. As the 1999 People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) General Session loomed closer, it was expected that PDI-P would once again play the dominant role. Despite winning the legislative elections, PDI-P did not have absolute majority. Despite this however, PDI-P never formed a coalition with any of the other political parties in the lead up to the 1999 MPR General Session. The closest PDI-P had to a coalition was a loose alliance with Abdurrahman Wahid's National Awakening Party (PKB).

The presidency looked set to be contested by Megawati and the then incumbent BJ Habibie of Golkar who was looking for a second term. However, MPR Chairman Amien Rais had other ideas as he formed a coalition called the Central Axis which consisted of Muslim Parties. Amien also announced that he would like to nominate Wahid as President. PKB, their alliance with PDI-P never cemented, now moved over to the Central Axis. Golkar then joined this coalition after Habibie's accountability speech was rejected and he withdrew from the race. It came down to Megawati and Wahid. Wahid, with a powerful coalition backing him was elected as Indonesia's 4th president with 373 votes to Megawati's 313. The PDI-P supporters were outraged. As the winners of the Legislative Elections, they expected to win the Presidential Elections also. PDI-P masses began rioting in cities such as Jakarta, Solo and Medan. The normally peaceful Bali was also involved in pro-Megawati protests. Wahid then realized that there was a need to recognize PDI-P's status as the winners of the Legislative Elections. With that, he encouraged Megawati to run for the Vice Presidency.

Megawati rejected this offer when she saw that she had to face opponents such as United Development Party's (PPP) Hamzah Haz and Golkar's Akbar Tanjung and Wiranto. After some politicking by Wahid, Akbar and Wiranto withdrew from the race. Wahid also ordered PKB to throw their weight behind Megawati. She was now confident and competed in the Vice Presidential elections, and was elected with 396 votes to Hamzah's 284.

2000 party congress, Wahid's presidency and splits

The First PDI-P Congress was held in Semarang, Central Java in April 2000, during which Megawati was re-elected as the chairperson of PDI-P for a second term. The congress was noted as one where she consolidated her position within PDI-P by taking harsh measures to remove potential rivals.[7] During the election for the chairperson, two other candidates emerged, Eros Djarot and Dimyati Hartono. Both ran because they did not want Megawati to hold the PDI-P chairpersonship while concurrently being Vice President.

For Eros, when finally received his nomination from the South Jakarta branch, membership problems arose and made his nomination void. He was then not allowed to go and participate in the congress. Disillusioned with what he perceived to be a cult of personality developing around Megawati, Eros left PDI-P and in July 2002, formed the Freedom Bull National Party. For Dimyati, although his candidacy was not opposed as harshly as Eros', he was removed from his position as Head of PDI-P's Central Branch. He kept his position as a People's Representative Council (DPR) member but retired in February 2002. In April 2002, Dimyati formed the Our Homeland of Indonesia Party (PITA).

Although it had not supported Wahid for Presidency, PDI-P members received ministerial positions in his cabinet because of Megawati's position as Vice President. As time went on, much like the Central Axis that had supported Wahid, PDI-P would grow disillusioned with him. In April 2000, Laksamana Sukardi, a PDI-P member who held position as Minister of Investments and State Owned Enterprises was sacked from his position. When PDI-P enquired as to why this was done, Wahid claimed it was because of corruption but never backed up his claim.

The relationship improved somewhat when later in the year, when Wahid authorized Megawati to manage the day-to-day running of the government. However, she and PDI-P had slowly but surely started to distance themselves from Wahid and join forces with the Central Axis. Finally, in July 2001 at a Special Session of the MPR, Wahid was removed as President. Megawati was then elected as President to replace him with Hamzah as her Vice President, becoming Indonesia's first female president. They party, however, faced further splits after Megawati became President with more disillusioned members leaving the party. Two of them were Megawati's own sisters. In May 2002, Sukmawati Sukarnoputri formed the Indonesian National Party Marhaenism (PNI-Marhaenisme). This was followed in November 2002, with Rachmawati Sukarnoputri declaring the formation of the Pioneers' Party (PP).

2004 elections

By 2004, the reformist sentiments that had led PDI-P to victory in the 1999 elections had died down. Many were disappointed with what the reform process had achieved thus far and were also disappointed with Megawati's presidency. This was reflected in the 2004 legislative election, PDI-P obtained 18.5% of the total vote, down from the 33.7% it obtained in 1999.[8]

PDI-P nominated Megawati as its presidential candidate for the 2004 presidential election. Several running mates were considered, including Hamzah Haz (to renew the partnership), Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY), and Jusuf Kalla. Megawati eventually selected Nahdatul Ulama chairman Hasyim Muzadi as her running mate. It was expected that she would appeal to nationalist sentiments while Hasyim would appeal to Islamist voters. In the first round of elections, the pairing came second to SBY/Kalla. To improve their chances in the run-off, the PDI-P formed a coalition with the PPP, Golkar, the Reform Star Party (PBR) and the Prosperous Peace Party (PDS) in August 2004. However, they were defeated in the run-off against SBY/Kalla. The National Coalition then turned their eyes on being the opposition in the DPR for the SBY/Kalla government. With Kalla's election as chairman of Golkar, Golkar defected to the government's side, leaving the PDI-P as the only major opposition party in the DPR.

2005 party congress

On 28 March 2005, the second PDI-P Congress was held in Sanur, Bali where Megawati was re-elected to the chairpersonship for a third term. Her brother, Guruh Sukarnoputra, was chosen as head of the party's Education and Culture department. This congress was noted for the formation of a faction called the Renewal of PDI-P Movement. It called for a renewal of the party leadership if it was to win the 2009 legislative elections. Although they attended the Congress, the members left once Megawati was re-elected. In December 2005, these same members would form the Democratic Renewal Party (PDP).

2009 elections

The party came third in the 2009 legislative election with 14% of the votes. It had 95 seats in the DPR.[9] Megawati was chosen as the presidential candidate, this time with a coalition between the Great Indonesia Movement Party and PDI-P themselves, with Prabowo Subianto as her running mate. They lost to SBY, with Boediono as vice-president, who won 26.6% of the vote.

2014 elections

In March 2014, the party nominated Jakarta governor Joko Widodo as its presidential candidate, with Jusuf Kalla as his running mate. The pairing won with 53.15% of the vote,[10] and PDI-P returned as the largest party in the DPR, winning nearly 19% of the vote.[11]

2019 elections

In April 2019, incumbent president Joko Widodo was the party's presidential candidate running for a second term, with Ma'ruf Amin as his running mate. Widodo won successful won a second term with 55.50% of the vote.[12] PDI-P remained the largest party in the DPR, winning 19.33% of the vote.[13]

Party policies and program

According to its website, the party aims to realize the aspirations aims contained in the preamble to the 1945 Constitution in the form of a just and prosperous society, and to bring about an Indonesia that is socially just as well as politically sovereign and economically self-sufficient, and that is Indonesian in character and culture.[14]

At the party's fourth congress in 2015, the PDIP issued a seven-point statement entitled "Realizing Great Indonesia, an Indonesia that is Truly Independent", in which it committed itself to overseeing the program of the central government and ensuring it keeps its campaign promises, while reinforcing its position as a political force and underlining its support for the poor and battling structural poverty.[15]

Chairperson

• Megawati Sukarnoputri (1999–present)

Election results

Legislative election results

Election	Ballot number	Total seats won	Total votes	Share of votes	Outcome of election	Party leader
1999	11	153 / 500	35,689,073	33.74%[16]	153 seats, Governing coalition	Megawati Sukarnoputri
2004	18	109 / 550	21,026,629	18.53%[17]	44 seats, Opposition	Megawati Sukarnoputri
2009	28	95 / 560	14,600,091	14.03%[17]	14 seats, Opposition	Megawati Sukarnoputri
2014	4	109 / 560	23,681,471	18.95%[11]	14 seats, Governing coalition	Megawati Sukarnoputri
2019	3	128 / 575	27,053,961	19.33%[18]	19 seats, Governing coalition	Megawati Sukarnoputri

Presidential election results

Election	Ballot number	Candidate	Running mate	1st round (Total votes)	Share of votes	Outcome	2nd round (Total votes)	Share of votes	Outcome
2004	2	Megawati Sukarnoputri	Hasyim Muzadi	31,569,104	26.61%	Runoff	44,990,704	39.38%	Lost N
2009	1	Megawati Sukarnoputri	Prabowo Subianto	32,548,105	26.79%	Lost N
2014	2	Joko Widodo[19]	Jusuf Kalla	70,997,833	53.15%	Elected
2019	01	Joko Widodo	Ma'ruf Amin	85,607,362	55.50%	Elected

Note: Bold text indicates party member

References

1. Geraldy, Galang (9 December 2019). "Ideologi dan Partai Politik: Menakar Ideologi Politik Marhaenisme di PDIP, Sosialisme Demokrasi di PSI dan Islam Fundamentalisme di PKS". Politicon: Jurnal Ilmu Politik (in Indonesian). 1 (2): 134–157. doi:10.15575/politicon.v1i2.6268. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
2. Bulkin, Nadia (24 October 2013). "Indonesia's Political Parties". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
3. Indonesia Electoral, Political Parties Laws and Regulations Handbook - Strategic Information, Regulations, Procedures. June 2015. ISBN 9781514517017.
4. "Parties & Organisations". Progressive Alliance. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
5. "Indonesia's Next President". Wall Street Journal. 15 April 2014.
6. B., Edy (10 August 1996). "Kronologi Peristiwa 27 Juli 1996". Tempo (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 27 September 2007.
7. Firmansyah, Arif (11 February 2005). "Kisah Para Penantang Yang Terpental (The Story of the Ousted Challengers)". Tempo (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 17 October 2009.
8. "Pemilu 1999". Indonesian General Election Commission (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 30 September 2007.
9. "KPU Ubah Perolehan Kursi Parpol di DPR (KPU Changes Allocations of Parties' seats in the DPR)". Indonesian General Election Commission (in Indonesian). 14 May 2009. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
10. Bastian, Abdul Qowi; Putri, Adelia Anjani (14 March 2014). "Official: Joko Widodo Named 2014 Presidential Candidate by Megawati". The Jakarta Globe. Archived from the original on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
11. "KPU sahkan hasil pemilu, PDIP nomor satu" (in Indonesian). BBC. 10 May 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
12. Prasongko, Dias (20 May 2019). "KPU Menetapkan Jokowi-Ma'ruf Unggul 55.50 Persen". Tempo (in Indonesian). Retrieved 20 May 2019.
13. "KPU Tetapkan PDIP Raih Suara Terbanyak Pileg 2019". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 21 May 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
14. "Visi dan Misi (Vision and Mission)". PDI Perjuangan website. 8 January 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
15. "PERNYATAAN SIKAP DAN REKOMENDASI RAPAT KERJA NASIONAL KE-I PDI PERJUANGAN (Statement of Stance and Recommendations from the First PDI Perjuangan National Working Meeting)". PDI Perjuangan website. 13 January 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
16. "Pemilu 1999 - KPU" (in Indonesian). Komisi Pemilihan Umum Republik Indonesia. 21 February 2008. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
17. "Bab V - Hasil Pemilu - KPU" (PDF) (in Indonesian). Komisi Pemilihan Umum Republik Indonesia. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
18. Zunita Putri (21 May 2019). "KPU Tetapkan Hasil Pileg 2019: PDIP Juara, Disusul Gerindra-Golkar". Detik.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 31 May 2019.
19. "Jokowi dan JK daftar ke KPU" (in Indonesian). BBC. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2018.

External links

• (in Indonesian) 1999 Legislative Elections Profile
• "Cukup Satu Putaran". Tempo (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 6 March 2016.