Inga

Inga (common name shimbillo) is a genus of small tropical, tough-leaved, nitrogen-fixing trees[2] and shrubs, subfamily Mimosoideae. Inga's leaves are pinnate, and flowers are generally white. Many of the hundreds of species are used ornamentally.

This article is about the genus of plant. For other uses, see Inga (disambiguation).

Inga
Ice-cream-bean (Inga edulis) parts drawing
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Clade: Mimosoideae
Genus: Inga
Mill.
Type species
Inga vera
Willd.
Species

Hundreds, see List of Inga species

Synonyms[1]
  • Affonsea A. St.-Hil.
Inga sp. – MHNT

Several related plants have been placed into this genus at one time, for example Yopo (Cohoba, Mopo, Nopo or Parica – Anadenanthera peregrina – as Inga niopo).[3]

The seeds are covered with sweet white powder. The pulp covering the seeds is lightly fibrous and sweet, and rich in minerals; it is edible in the raw state. The tree's name originates from the Tupi word in-gá meaning "soaked", due to the fruit powder consistency.[4] The tree usually blossoms twice a year.

Within the Inga genus there are around 300 species, most of them native and growing in the Amazon forest region although some species are also found in Mexico, Greater and Lesser Antilles and other countries in South America, being an exclusively neotropical genus. The trees are usually found by river and lake edges because their seeds are carried there by floods.

Fruit of an Inga-species

All Inga species produce their seeds in "bean-like" pods and some can reach up to 1 m long, in general the pods are 10–30 cm long.

Trees can reach up to 15 metres and they are widely used for producing shade over coffee plants. The plant benefits from well drained soil. The flowers are white with some green and the tree can produce fruits almost all year long.

Inga species, most notably Inga edulis (commonly known as "ice-cream-bean" or, in Spanish, "guama", "guaba", "guaba de bejuco" or "paterna" depending on the country or region) often have edible pulp. The name derives from the fact that those of I. edulis resembles vanilla ice cream in flavour.

In Ecuador, Inga edulis is known as "guaba de bejuco" and, the other popular species there, Inga spectabilis , as "guaba de machete".[5]

Use in agroforestry
Main article: Inga alley cropping

Alley cropping techniques using species of Inga have been developed to restore soil fertility, and thereby stem the tide of continual slashing and burning of the rainforest.[6][7] Species which have proven effective for alley cropping include Inga edulis and Inga oerstediana. Much of the research was done by Mike Hands at Cambridge University over a 20-year period.[2] Inga species are also commonly used as shade trees for coffee, cocoa, and tea.[8]

Other uses

It is often used as lumber in construction and furniture making.[9]

See also

References
  1. "USDA GRIN taxonomy:Genus: Inga Mill". Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  2. Elkan, Daniel. "Slash-and-burn farming has become a major threat to the world's rainforest" The Guardian 21 April 2004
  3. "USDA GRIN taxonomy:GRIN Species Records of Inga". Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  4. "Significado de ingá (dicionário inFormal)" (in Portuguese).
  5. Sotomayor, Ignacio and Duicela, Luis (1995) "Control Integrado de las Principales Enfermedades Foliares del Cafeto en el Ecuador" (preview in Spanish)
  6. Haugen, C., Revelo, N. "Amazon Rainforest Restoration and Conservation in Ecuador: Inga spp.". Retrieved 18 September 2006.
  7. Elkan, D. (2005, February). "The Rainforest Saver." The Ecologist, 35 (1), 56–63.
  8. Valle, Guillermo (2010). "Inga Alley Cropping Manual". Rainforest Saver.
  9. "Guatemalan Mora". Retrieved 23 December 2015.


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