Ingerana charlesdarwini

Ingerana charlesdarwini (vernacular name: Charles Darwin's frog) is a species of frogs in the family Dicroglossidae. It is endemic to the Andaman Islands, India, and is known from the South Andaman Island, Long Island, and North Andaman Island.[2][3]

This article is about an Asian frog species. For the South American frog family, genus, and species known as Darwin's frog(s), see Rhinodermatidae.

Charles Darwin's frog
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Dicroglossidae
Genus: Ingerana
Species:
I. charlesdarwini
Binomial name
Ingerana charlesdarwini
(Das, 1998)
Synonyms[2]

Rana charlesdarwini Das, 1998

Taxonomy

Ingerana charlesdarwini was described in 1998 as Rana charlesdarwini by Indraneil Das, but was moved to the genus Ingerana in 2006. It remains uncertain whether it truly belongs to Ingerana.[2][3] Later on, specimens labelled as Rana doriae andamanensis collected by Nelson Annandale were found from the Zoological Survey of India. However, Annandale never formally described a taxon using that name, so it is an unavailable name.[3]

Description

Adult males measure 25–29 mm (1.0–1.1 in) and adult females 29–38 mm (1.1–1.5 in) in snout–vent length. The snout is rounded and has a blunt tip. The tympanum is distinct and exposed; the supra-tympanic fold is well-developed and forms a thick, fleshy ridge. The fingers have no webbing whereas the toes are partially webbed. The finger and toe tips bear swollen discs, without circum-marginal grooves. Skin has minute granules scattered all over the dorsum; the venter is smooth. Colouration is variable with three different morphs:

  • The first morph is dull olive brown but has a bright orange butterfly-like marking on the dorsum behind the occiput, and a smaller spot of the same colour above the sacral region. Only very feeble black subocular spots are present, and the limbs lack barred pattern.
  • The second type is light tan and has very distinct black bars on the limbs. The dorsum has only a feeble W-like marking on the mid-dorsum and two indistinct orange spots. A mid-dorsal stripe might be present. Under moist conditions, the colour turns dark brown. Males have a dark gular vocal sac.
  • The third morph, which is similar to the holotype, is bright creamy white but with a dark brown patch on the dorsum as well as very thin, creamy white mid-dorsal stripe and two distinct, white subocular spots. Again, males have a dark gular vocal sac.[3]

Habitat and conservation

Ingerana charlesdarwini have been found in primary evergreen and secondary forests at elevations below 500 m (1,600 ft). The eggs are laid in water-filled tree holes.[1][3] It is threatened by habitat loss (clear-cutting). The type series was collected in the Mount Harriet National Park, and the species is also known from the Saddle Peak National Park.[1]

References
  1. Das, Indraneil; Dutta, Sushil & Vijayakumar, S.P. (2004). "Ingerana charlesdarwini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T58571A11805014. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T58571A11805014.en.
  2. Frost, Darrel R. (2018). "Ingerana charlesdarwini (Das, 1998)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  3. Chandramouli, S. R. (2017). "Rediscovery and redescription of a little known, insular endemic frog, Ingerana charlesdarwini (Das, 1998) (Amphibia: Anura: Dicroglossidae) from the Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal". Alytes. 33 (1–4): 47–54.
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