Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act

The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (Public Law 102-240; ISTEA, pronounced Ice-Tea) is a United States federal law that posed a major change to transportation planning and policy, as the first U.S. federal legislation on the subject in the post-Interstate Highway System era.

Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991
Long titleAn Act to develop a national intermodal surface transportation system, to authorize funds for construction of highways, for highway safety programs, and for mass transit programs, and for other purposes
NicknamesISTEA
Enacted bythe 102nd United States Congress
Citations
Public lawPub.L. 102–240
Statutes at Large105 Stat. 1914
Codification
Titles amended15 U.S.C.: Commerce and Trade,
23 U.S.C.: Highways,
26 U.S.C.: Internal Revenue Code,
33 U.S.C.: Navigation and Navigable Waters,
49 U.S.C.: Transportation
Legislative history
  • Introduced in the House as H.R. 2950 by Norman Mineta (D-CA) on July 18, 1991
  • Passed the House on October 23, 1991 (343-83)
  • Passed the Senate on October 31, 1991 (unanimous consent, in lieu of S. 1204 passed June 19, 1991 91-7)
  • Reported by the joint conference committee on November 27, 1991; agreed to by the House on November 27, 1991 (372-47) and by the Senate on November 27, 1991 (79-8)
  • Signed into law by President George H.W. Bush on December 18, 1991

Objective

The Act presented an overall intermodal approach to highway and transit funding with collaborative planning requirements, giving significant additional powers to metropolitan planning organizations. Signed into law on December 18, 1991 by President George H. W. Bush, it expired in 1997. It was preceded by the Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987 and followed by the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) in 1998, the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU) in 2005, and the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21) in 2012. ISTEA also provided funds for the conversion of dormant railroad corridors into rail trails; the first trail to be so funded was the Cedar Lake Regional Rail Trail, built in 1995 in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

High Priority Corridors

ISTEA §1105 defined a number of High Priority Corridors, to be part of the National Highway System.[lower-alpha 1] After various amendments from other laws, this is a list of the Corridors:

Name Location Notes
Corridor 1[3] North-South Corridor Kansas City, Missouri to Shreveport, Louisiana Interstate 49
Corridor 2[4] Avenue of the Saints Corridor St. Louis, Missouri to St. Paul, Minnesota
Corridor 3[5] East-West Transamerica Corridor Hampton Roads, Virginia to southern Kansas Interstate 66 (Kansas–Kentucky)
Corridor 4[6] Hoosier Heartland Industrial Corridor Lafayette, Indiana to Toledo, Ohio
Corridor 5[7] I-73/74 North-South Corridor Myrtle Beach, South Carolina to Cincinnati, Ohio, Detroit, Michigan and Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan
Corridor 6[8] United States Route 80 Corridor Meridian, Mississippi to Savannah, Georgia
Corridor 7[9] East-West Corridor Memphis, Tennessee to Atlanta, Georgia and Chattanooga, Tennessee
Corridor 8[10] Highway 412 East-West Corridor Tulsa, Oklahoma to Nashville, Tennessee
Corridor 9[11] United States Route 220 and the Appalachian Thruway Corridor Bedford, Pennsylvania to Corning, New York Interstate 99
Corridor 10[12] Appalachian Regional Corridor X Fulton, Mississippi to Birmingham, Alabama[13][14][15] See Corridor 45
Corridor 11[16] Appalachian Regional Corridor V From Interstate 55 in northern Mississippi in the west to Interstate 24 in East Tennessee Route is from Batesville, Mississippi, and via Tupelo, Mississippi, Russellville, Alabama, and Huntsville, Alabama, ending just west of Chattanooga, Tennessee[14] [15]
Corridor 12[17] United States Route 25E Corridor Corbin, Kentucky to Morristown, Tennessee
Corridor 13[18] Raleigh-Norfolk Corridor Raleigh, North Carolina to Norfolk, Virginia Interstate 87 (North Carolina-Virginia)
Corridor 14[19] Heartland Expressway Denver, Colorado to Rapid City, South Dakota
Corridor 15[20] Urban Highway Corridor M-59 in Michigan
Corridor 16[21] Economic Lifeline Corridor I-15 and I-40 in California, Arizona, and Nevada
Corridor 17[22] Route 29 Corridor Greensboro, North Carolina to Washington, D.C.
Corridor 18[23] Port Huron, Michigan to Chicago, Illinois, Corpus Christi, Texas and Victoria, Texas Interstate 69 (see Corridor 20)
Corridor 19[24] United States Route 395 Corridor Canada–US border to Reno, Nevada
Corridor 20[25] United States Route 59 Corridor Laredo, Texas to Texarkana, Texas Interstate 69 (see Corridor 18)
Corridor 21[26] United States Route 219 Corridor Buffalo, New York to Interstate 80
Corridor 22[27] Alameda Transportation Corridor ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach to Interstate 10 (See Corridor 34)
Corridor 23[28] Interstate Route 35 Corridor Laredo, Texas to Duluth, Minnesota and the Canada–US border (via Interstate 29)
Corridor 24[29] Dalton Highway Deadhorse, Alaska to Fairbanks, Alaska
Corridor 25[30] State Route 168 (South Battlefield Boulevard) Great Bridge, Virginia Bypass to the North Carolina state line
Corridor 26[31] CANAMEX Corridor Nogales, Arizona to the Canada–US border
Corridor 27[32] Camino Real Corridor El Paso, Texas to the Canada–US border
Corridor 28[33] Birmingham Northern Beltline Birmingham, Alabama Appalachian Highway Development System Corridor X-1[13]
Corridor 29[34] Coalfields Expressway Beckley, West Virginia to Pound, Virginia
Corridor 30[35] Interstate Route 5 California, Oregon and Washington
Corridor 31[36] Mon–Fayette Expressway and Southern Beltway Pennsylvania and West Virginia
Corridor 32[37] Wisconsin Development Corridor Dubuque, Iowa to Eau Claire, Wisconsin Consists of three different corridors in the state of Wisconsin
Corridor 33[38] Capital Gateway Corridor Washington, D.C. to the Baltimore-Washington Parkway in Maryland U.S. Route 50
Corridor 34[39] Alameda Corridor-East and Southwest Passage East Los Angeles, California to Barstow, California and Coachella, California, and San Bernardino, California to Arizona (See Corridor 22)
Corridor 35[40] Everett-Tacoma FAST Corridor Everett, Washington to Tacoma, Washington
Corridor 36[41] NY-17 Harriman, New York to I-90 in Pennsylvania ISTEA mandates that route be Interstate 86
Corridor 37 United States Route 90 Lafayette, Louisiana to New Orleans, Louisiana Interstate 49
Corridor 38 Ports to Plains Corridor Laredo, Texas to Denver, Colorado Interstate 27 (Lubbock, TX to Amarillo, TX)
Corridor 39 United States Route 63 Marked Tree, Arkansas to Interstate 55 Interstate 555
Corridor 40 Greensboro Corridor Danville, Virginia to Greensboro, North Carolina Interstate 785
Corridor 41 Falls-to-Falls Corridor International Falls, Minnesota to Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin
Corridor 42 Batesville to Fulton, Mississippi formed from portions of ADHS corridors V and X
Corridor 43 United States Route 95 Corridor Eastport, Idaho to Oregon
Corridor 44 Louisiana Highway 1 Corridor Grand Isle, Louisiana to U.S. Route 90
Corridor 45 United States Route 78 Corridor Memphis, Tennessee to Birmingham, Alabama Interstate 22
Corridor 46 Interstate Route 710 Long Beach, California to California State Route 60
Corridor 47 Interstate Route 87 Quebec to New York City
Corridor 48 Route 50 High Plains Corridor Newton, Kansas to Pueblo, Colorado
Corridor 49 Atlantic Commerce Corridor Jacksonville, Florida to Miami, Florida
Corridor 50 East-West Corridor Watertown, New York to Calais, Maine
Corridor 51 SPIRIT Corridor El Paso, Texas to Wichita, Kansas
Corridor 52 Swifton, Arkansas to Jonesboro, Arkansas
Corridor 53 United States Highway Route 6 Interstate 70 to Interstate 15
Corridor 54 California Farm-to-Market Corridor south of Bakersfield, California to Sacramento, California California State Route 99
Corridor 55 Dallas, Texas to Memphis, Tennessee
Corridor 56 La Entrada al Pacifico Corridor Lamesa, Texas to Presidio, Texas
Corridor 57 United States Route 41 corridor Milwaukee, Wisconsin to Green Bay, Wisconsin Interstate 41
Corridor 58 Theodore Roosevelt Expressway Rapid City, South Dakota to Raymond, Montana
Corridor 59 Central North American Trade Corridor border between North Dakota and South Dakota to the Canada–US border
Corridor 60 Providence Beltline Corridor Hope Valley, Rhode Island to Massachusetts
Corridor 61 various corridors in Missouri
Corridor 62 Georgia Developmental Highway System Corridors various corridors in Georgia
Corridor 63 Liberty Corridor various corridors in northern New Jersey
Corridor 64 various corridors in southern New Jersey
Corridor 65 Interstate Route 95 Corridor Connecticut
Corridor 66 Interstate Route 91 Corridor Connecticut
Corridor 67 Fairbanks-Yukon International Corridor Canada–US border to Fairbanks, Alaska
Corridor 68 Washoe County corridor Reno, Nevada to Las Vegas, Nevada
Corridor 69 Cross Valley Connector Interstate 5 to State Route 14, Santa Clarita Valley, California
Corridor 70 Economic Lifeline corridor I-15, I-40 and other roads in California, Arizona and Nevada
Corridor 71 High Desert Corridor Los Angeles, California to Las Vegas, Nevada
Corridor 72 North-South corridor Kansas City, Missouri to Shreveport, Louisiana Interstate 49
Corridor 73 Louisiana Highway corridor Grand Isle, Louisiana to U.S. Route 90
Corridor 74 Lafayette, Louisiana to New Orleans, Louisiana Interstate 49
Corridor 75 Louisiana 28 corridor Fort Polk, Louisiana to Alexandria, Louisiana
Corridor 76 Toledo, Ohio to Cincinnati, Ohio
Corridor 77 Indiana to Toledo, Ohio
Corridor 78 Cincinnati, Ohio to Cleveland, Ohio
Corridor 79 Interstate Route 376 Monroeville, Pennsylvania to Sharon, Pennsylvania
Corridor 80 Intercounty Connector Interstate 270 to Interstate 95/U.S. Route 1 in Maryland
Corridor 81 Interstate 795 Goldsboro, North Carolina to Interstate 40 west of Faison, North Carolina
Corridor 82 U.S. Route 70 U.S. 70 from Interstate 40 at Garner, North Carolina to the port of Morehead City, North Carolina law designates highway as a future Interstate highway (route number not specified in law). Assigned Interstate 42 by AASHTO[42]
Corridor 83 Sonoran Corridor (State Rte. 410) A new highway from Interstate 19 to Interstate 10 south of Tucson International Airport, Arizona law designates highway as a future Interstate highway (route number not specified in law)
Corridor 84 Central Texas Corridor From Interstate 10 to the Sabine River, passing in or near Fort Hood; College Station; Huntsville; and Livingston; all in Texas ISTEA mandates that route be Interstate 14
Corridor 85 Interstate 81 From Interstate 86 to the Canada–United States border
Corridor 86[43] Interstate 70 from Salt Lake City, Utah to Denver, Colorado[lower-alpha 2] Utah and Colorado
Corridor 87[44] Newberg-Dundee Bypass route From Newberg, Oregon to Dayton, Oregon[lower-alpha 3]
Corridor 88[47] Interstate 205 Interstate 205 in Oregon
Corridor 89[48] I-57 Corridor Extension Extending Interstate 57 from its southern terminus at I-55 in southeastern Missouri to I-40 in North Little Rock, Arkansas ISTEA mandates that route be Interstate 57
Corridor 90[49] Pennyrile Parkway From Interstate 69 near Nortonville, Kentucky in the north, to Interstate 24 south of Hopkinsville, Kentucky ISTEA mandates that route be Interstate 169
Corridor 91[50] Western Kentucky Parkway The portion of the Western Kentucky Parkway between Interstate 69 in the west (near Nortonville, Kentucky) to Interstate 165 (formerly the William H. Natcher Parkway) in the east ISTEA mandates that route be Interstate 569

High-speed rail corridors
The high-speed corridors designated under ISTEA closely correspond with grants given under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act—seventeen years later.

The legislation also called for the designation of up to five high-speed rail corridors. The options were studied for several months, and announced in October 1992. The first four were announced by United States Secretary of Transportation Andrew Card, while the last was announced by Federal Railroad Administration head Gil Carmichael.[51]

However, there was not significant funding attached to these announcements: $30 million had been allocated to several states by 1997 to improve grade crossings,[52] but that was a very tiny amount in comparison to the billions required for a true high-speed network. Aside from a few places in California and the Chicago–Detroit Line, most areas outside the Northeast Corridor continued to be limited to 79 mph (127 km/h) until $8 billion from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 was distributed in January 2010.[53]

Jeff Morales one of the principal drafters of this bill, is currently serving as CEO of the California High-Speed Rail Authority, which is currently constructing a high-speed rail line along the route originally proposed in this bill.[54]

Airbags

The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 also mandated that passenger automobiles and light trucks built after September 1, 1998 to have airbags installed as standard equipment for the driver and the right front passenger.[55][56]

Notes
  1. Sec. 1105 did not amend U.S. Code, nor is it editorially classified as part of the U.S. Code, or set out as a note to the U.S. Code. However, an up-to-date version of ISTEA as amended can be found at govinfo.gov [1][2]
  2. I-70 does not come near Salt Lake City; instead terminating 173 miles south of such city at I-15. Regardless, the law states "Interstate Route 70 from Denver, Colorado, to Salt Lake City, Utah"[43]
  3. The law's text states, "The Oregon 99W Newberg-Dundee Bypass Route between Newberg, Oregon and Dayton, Oregon;"[44] however, the actual route number is Oregon Route 18. The bypass runs east of Oregon Rte. 99W. The southern portion, Phase 1, between Rte. 99W at Dundee and Rte. 219 is finished. Sufficient funding for the northern portion, Phase 2, which is from Rte. 219 to Rte. 99W, has not yet been identified.[45][46]

References
  1. "United States Code". Office of the Law Revision Counsel. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  2. "Statute Compilations". Government Publishing Office. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  3. "Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, as Amended, §§1105(c)(1) and (e)(5)(A)". Government Publishing Office. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  4. "Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, as Amended, §§1105(c)(2),(e)(2), and (f)(22)". Government Publishing Office. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  5. "Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, as Amended, §§1105(c)(3), (e)(5)(A), (e)(5)(C)(i), and (f)(24)". Government Publishing Office. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  6. "Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, as Amended, §1105(c)(4), (f)(18), and (f)(19)". Government Publishing Office. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  7. "Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, as Amended, §§1105(c)(5) and (e)(5)(A)". Government Publishing Office. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  8. "Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, as Amended, §1105(c)(6)". Government Publishing Office. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  9. "Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, as Amended, §1105(c)(7)". Government Publishing Office. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  10. "Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, as Amended, §1105(c)(8)". Government Publishing Office. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
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  12. "Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, as Amended, §§1105(c)(10) and (f)(8)". Government Publishing Office. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  13. Appalachian Regional Commission. "Status of the Appalachian Development Highway System as of September 30, 2019" (PDF). Appalachian Regional Commission. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  14. Appalachian Regional Commission. "Status of the Appalachian Development Highway System as of September 30, 2017" (PDF). Appalachian Regional Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 4, 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  15. Appalachian Regional Commission. "ADHS Approved Corridors and Termini as of 2018" (PDF). Appalachian Regional Commission. Archived from the original on Jan 24, 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
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  52. "High Speed Ground Transportation for America - CFS Report To Congress". Federal Railroad Administration. September 1997. Archived from the original on 25 August 2009. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
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  54. The Registry-San Francisco. "California High-Speed Rail Authority Hires World Recognized CEO".
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