Iris halophila var. sogdiana

Iris halophila var. sogdiana is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae. It is a variety of Iris halophila. It was once a species in its own right as Iris sogdiana, before being re-classified as a synonym of Iris halophila, but it has been re-classed again as a variant of Iris halophila. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, with blue-violet flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris halophila var. sogdiana
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Species:
I. halophila
Variety:
I. h. var. sogdiana
Trinomial name
Iris halophila var. sogdiana
Alexander Bunge and Valery Ivanovitsch Grubov
Synonyms
  • Chamaeiris sogdiana (Bunge) M.B.Crespo
  • Iris gueldenstadtiana var. sogdiana (Bunge) Maxim.
  • Iris sogdiana Bunge
  • Iris spuria subsp. sogdiana (Bunge) B.Mathew
  • Xyridion sogdianum (Bunge) Nevski
[1]

Description

It is similar in form to Iris halophila but with blue-violet flowers.[2]

It has a stout, thick rhizome.[3][4] Which has a creeping habit.[3]

It has green,[5] sword-like, linear, smooth leaves, that are 4-12mm wide.[3][4] They taper to a point, somewhat compressed, smooth; radical leaves as long as the stems, linear, to 10 cm broad, acuminate; cauline leaves 4, progressively decreasing in size;[3]

It has 25–90 cm (10–35 in) tall stems.[3][4][6]

It has lanceolate, acuminate, carinate spathes (leaves of the flower bud).[3]

The stems hold between 3 and 4, terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming between June and July.[3][6]

The un-fragranced flowers,[6] come in shades of violet-blue.[2][7][8]

It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as the 'standards'.[9] The falls are 4.5–5 cm long, obovate, round tipped, with dark purple veins and a yellow claw (section of petal closest to stem).[2][3][8] The shorted standards are erect, obovate or oblong, are brown at the base.[3][4]

It has an 8mm long perianth tube, which is also the length of the ovary.[3][4]

It has linear, oblong style branches,[3] which are light purple.[4]

After the iris has flowered, it produces a 4.5 cm long, 6-angled seed capsule with a long beak-like appendage.[3][4] It has flattened seeds, with rough edges.[3]

Biochemistry

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes. This can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[9] It has a chromosome count: 2n=44.[8]

In 1979, a study was carried out the seeds of Iris sogdiana, to find various chemical compounds including, alkali-soluble polysaccharides. Glucomannan, consisting of glucose and mannose was found.[10]

In 2011, a study was carried out on Iris halophila var. sogdiana and Iris halophila, to find the fat soluble constituents and volatility components. Using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. (E,E) 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, 9-Octadecenoic acid(Z)-,methyl ester were found in both irises.[11]

Taxonomy

It is written as 蓝花喜盐鸢尾 in Chinese script and known as lan hua xi yan yuan wei in Pinyin Chinese.[8]

It is also known as Iris 'Halophila Sogdiana'.[12]

It was commonly known as Iris sogdiana (before re-classification) or Ksiridion sogdiana (in Russia).[13]

The Latin specific epithet sogdiana refers to the ancient civilization of Sogdia in modern Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.

It was first published as Iris sogdiana by Alexander Bunge in Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans Vol.7 page507 in 1847.[14] Bunge then published it, (as Iris sogdiana) in Beitr. Fl. Russl. page331 in 1852.[15]

Later, B. Fedtsch in published the iris, as Iris sogdiana in 'Kom. Fl. URSS Vol.4 page526 in 1935.[2]

It was then published and described as Iris halophila var. sogdiana by Alexander Bunge and Valery Ivanovitsch Grubov in 'Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast.' Vol.6 page30 in 1970.[1][14][16] They also published it within 'Новости Сист Высш Раст 1969' page 30 in 1970.[2]

It was mentioned as Iris sogdiana in 'Vascular Plants of Russia and Adjacent States (the Former USSR)'.[17]

Distribution and habitat

It is native temperate regions of central Asia.[5][7]

Range

It is found in the Asian countries of Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Iran.[5][7][8] Also in the former Russian republics of Turkmenistan.[3] It is also found in China, in the Chinese provinces of Gansu and Xinjiang.[2][8][16]

In mountainous Kyrgyzstan, it is found in a region from Lake Issyk-Kul to the valley of the Chu.[4]

In 2011, a study recorded the vascular plants in the forests around Angren, Uzbekistan, 12 were found to be endemic to Central Asia. These are; Arum korolkovii, Carex turkestanica, Cousinia olgae, Eremurus regelii, Euphorbia jaxartica, Galium pamiroalaicum, Gymnospermium alberti, Iris sogdiana, Prunus sogdiana, Rosa kokanica, Thalictrum sultanabadense, and Veronica bucharica.[18]

Habitat

It is grown on the damp meadow steppes, on hillside wastelands, on gravelly slopes,[2] on the banks of water reservoirs and on the banks of rivers.[3][4]

Cultivation

It is the most hardy plant of all the Spuria irises.[5]

It prefers positions in partial shade.[6]

References
  1. "Iris halophila var. sogdiana (Bunge) Grubov is an accepted name". theplantlist.org. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
  2. "Iris halophila Pall. Var. Sogdiana (Bunge) Grubov". flph.org (Flora of Pan Himalayas). Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  3. Komarov, V.L. (1935). "Akademiya Nauk SSSR (FLORA of the U.S.S.R.) Vol. IV". Retrieved 9 October 2014.
  4. "Irises section Ksiridion or Spur-iris sredneroslye". flower.onego.ru. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  5. British Iris Society (1997) A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation at Google Books
  6. "Iris sogdiana". alpine-garden.com. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  7. "Spuria iris". flowerlib.ru. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  8. "FOC Vol. 24 Page 304". efloras.org (Flora of China). Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  9. Austin, Claire (2005). Irises: A Gardener's Encyclopedia. Timber Press, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0881927306. OL 8176432M.}
  10. Rakhimov, D.A.; Igamberdieva, M.I.; Ismailov, Z.F. (July 1979). "Polysaccharides of Iris I. Glucomannan from Iris sogdiana". Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 15 (4): 404–408. doi:10.1007/BF00565033. S2CID 4814854. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  11. Yang, Hong-Wei; Zhou, Kao-Wen; Yu, Chun-Yang (April 2011). "Comparative Analysis of Chemical Constituents in Iris halophila var.sogdiana and Iris halophila". Chinese Journal of Spectroscopy Laboratory. Biochemical Engineering College, Beijing Union University. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  12. "Iris (Iris halophila var. sogdiana) in the Irises Database". allthingsplants.com. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  13. "Iris sogdiana Bunge". plantarium.ru. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  14. Pries, Bob (20 October 2014). "(SPEC) Iris spuria subspecies sogdiana". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  15. " Iris spuria var. notha". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  16. "Iris halophila Pallas var.sogdiana (Bunge) Grubov". asianflora.com. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
  17. Sergeĭ Kirillovich Cherepanov (1981) Plants of Russia and Adjacent States (the Former USSR)&pg=PA281 Up0XgqTk2pkC , p. 281, at Google Books
  18. Thunes, Karl H.; Vildanova, Gulusa (June 2012). "Ahangaren Forest Damage Project: Final Report, March 2011" (PDF). skogoglandskap.no. Retrieved 12 February 2015. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

Sources
  • Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. [as I. spuria var. halophila (Pall.) Dykes].
  • Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 118.
  • Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
  • Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica. [as I. spuria subsp. halophila (Pall.) B. Mathew & Wendelbo].
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