Iris koreana

Iris koreana, also known as dwarf woodland Korean iris, is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Chinenses of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial from Korea.

Iris koreana
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Limniris
Section: Iris sect. Limniris
Series: Iris ser. Chinenses
Species:
I. koreana
Binomial name
Iris koreana
Synonyms[1]
  • Limniris koreana (Nakai) Rodion.

Description

Iris koreana is similar in form to (the larger) Iris minutoaurea and Iris odaesanensis, (both are also from the Iris chinensis series).[2] William Rickatson Dykes thought that Iris koreana was a larger form of Iris minutoaurea,[3] but Iris koreana is more robust than Iris minutoaurea.[4][5]

It is also similar to the American woodland native, Iris cristata.[4][6]

It has slender rhizomes that are small, long, fine and have many branches (or stolons).[4][3] Due to its spreading ability, it is thought it could be used as a ground cover plant.[4]

It has narrow, smooth, glossy green, and ensiform (sword-shaped) leaves, that are long than the flowering stems.[7][3][8] They grow up to 20–35 cm (8–14 in) long and 1–4 cm (0–2 in) wide.[9][4][2] The leaves have prominent veins and are faintly tinged red at base (near the rhizome).[3] Iris koreana and Iris minutoaureas also have the habit of their foliage growing longer after they have flowered.[10]

It has an unbranched stem, up to 15–30 cm (6–12 in) tall.[7][9] It has 2 terminal flowers (at the top of the stems), that bloom in early summer, between April and May.[4][3][8]

It has a perianth tube that is longer than the spathes (leaves of the flower bud).[3]

The flowers are small, about 3 cm (1 in) in diameter.[9][4] They come in yellow shades, between bright yellow to pale yellow.[7][9][11]

It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as the 'standards'.[12] The larger falls are obovate (egg or tear-drop shaped), held at a horizontal angle, have pleated edges and have brown markings on the hafts (the thinner part of the petal heading towards the centre).[9][4][5] The smaller and shorter standards are paler (than the falls), almost erect (or vertical) and have a notch at the ends.[3]

The style branches are the same colour as the standards but narrow and acuminate (end in a sharp point).[3]

In June and July (after the flowers have faded), it produces green, globose (spherical) seed capsules.[8][13] Inside are obovate or occasionally circular, smooth, glabrous (without hair) and brown or dark henne coloured seeds. Which are 3.6–4.6 mm (0–0 in) long and 2.5–3.3 mm (0–0 in) wide.[8]

Biochemistry

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes. This can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[12] It has a chromosome count: 2n=20.[4]

Taxonomy

Iris koreana is pronounced as EYE-ris kor-ee-AH-nuh.[7]

It is written as 노랑붓꽃 in Korean language.[14]

It has the common name of Dwarf woodland Korean iris.[9][15][16]

The Latin specific epithet koreana refers to the country where it was found, Korea.[4]

It was first published and described by Takenoshin Nakai in 'Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis' (Centralblatt für Sammlung und Veroffentlichung von Einzeldiagnosen neuer Pflanzen. (Edited by Friedrich Fedde in Berlin), Vol.2 in 1914.[17][18]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003.[19]

Iris koreana and Iris rossii are on the list of legally protected species, rare plants and endemic plants in the Dakibong and Bonghwabong regions of Korea.[14]

Native

Iris koreana is native to temperate areas of Asia.[19]

Range

It is only found in Korea.[9][20][2][21]

It is found in various national parks (of Korea) including Jirisan, Gyeongju, Seoraksan, Songnisan, Naejangsan, Sobaeksan, Wolchulsan and Byeonsan bando.[22]

One reference mentions that it is also native to China, but this might only mean cultivated and then naturalised within China.[4]

Habitat

It prefers to grow in dry woodlands,[13] and forests.[4]

Cultivation

Iris koreana is thought easy to grow in typical to dry woodland garden conditions.[9][6]

It is hardy between USDA Zone 4a (-30 °F) and 8b. (15 °F).[7][9][20]

It prefers positions in Part Sun to Light Shade.[7][9][4][6]

It likes soils that are moist (especially in the winter and spring), rich and between strongly acidic too alkaline.[7][4][2]

It can be propagated by division, cutting the rhizome into large sections to be re-planted. It can also be grown from seed, collected from the plant (after the flowering has finished), as the collected seed does not store very well, it is recommended to sow the seed as soon as possible.[7]

The iris is thought to be resistant to deer.[7]

It is only available from a few select specialty nurseries in the US.[20]

It is rarely cultivated in British gardens.[2][23]

Hybrids and cultivars

There is a known cultivar Iris koreana 'Firefly Shuffle', which was hybridized by Darrell Probst of the Garden Vision Nursery in 2010.[7]

References
  1. "Iris koreana Nakai is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2012. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  2. "Iris koreana". encyclopaedia.alpinegardensociety.net. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  3. British Iris Society (1997) A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation , p. 122, at Google Books
  4. "Chapitre II iris a touffe et autre (partie1)". irisbotanique.over-blog.com. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  5. Laurin, Terry (21 October 2014). "(SPEC) Iris koreana Nakai". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  6. "Beardless Irises". pacificbulbsociety.org. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  7. "PlantFiles: Korean Iris". davesgarden.com. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  8. "Iris koreana". seedbank.re.kr. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  9. "Iris koreana (Dwarf Woodland Korean Iris)". plantdelights.com. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  10. McDonough, Mark (24 February 2011). "Iris cristata and small woodland Iris". nargs.org. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  11. Stebbings, Geoff (1997). The Gardener's Guide to Growing Irises. Newton Abbot: David and Charles. p. 133. ISBN 0715305395.
  12. Austin, Claire (2005). Irises: A Gardener's Encyclopedia. Timber Press, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0881927306. OL 8176432M.}
  13. McDonough, Mark (26 May 2010). "Harvesting woodland seed: Iris koreana and others". nargs.org. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  14. Oh, Hyun-Kyung; Han, Yun-Hee; Soh, Min-Seok; Lee, Ji-Hee (2010). "Classification Type of Vascular Plants on the Dakibong and Bonghwabong, Buan" (PDF). Journal of National Park Research. 1 (4): 267–276. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  15. "Iris koreana". robsplants.com. 12 January 2014. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
  16. English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 498. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.
  17. "Iridaceae Iris koreana Nakai". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  18. "Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis". biodiversitylibrary.org. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  19. "Iris koreana". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  20. Kramb, D. (16 April 2005). "Iris-koreana". signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America). Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  21. "KOREAN PENINSULA". lntreasures.com. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  22. "Endangered Species in National Park of Korea" (PDF). english.knps.or.kr. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  23. Cassidy, George E.; Linnegar, Sidney (1987). Growing Irises (Revised ed.). Bromley: Christopher Helm. p. 146. ISBN 0-88192-089-4.

Other sources
  • Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 79.
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