Iris laevigata

Iris laevigata, known as Japanese iris,[1] rabbit-ear iris,[2] or shallow-flowered iris[3] (Japanese: kakitsubata カキツバタ), is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae, native to Japan. It is related to other members of Iris subgenus Limniris, including other species of Japanese irises.

For other plants known by the same English name, see Japanese iris.

Iris laevigata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Limniris
Section: Iris sect. Limniris
Series: Iris ser. Laevigatae
Species:
I. laevigata
Binomial name
Iris laevigata
Fisch.

It is found growing in shallow waters and seems to prefer marshy and still ponds, although it can also be grown in damp soil if conditions are right. Flowers are usually blue, purple or violet and have unique colour patterns including some types with predominantly white flowers with blue spots (washino-o), and dark purples bordered with white (maikujaku).

Synonyms include I. albopurpurea and I. phragmitetorum.

Cultivation

Iris laevigata differs from other Japanese irises mainly in being more dependent on water and in lacking the strong midrib of the foliage. When grown from seeds, it usually germinates in 30–545 days although even under good conditions germination may be erratic. Seeds are sown about 6 mm deep in a peaty seed sowing mix at about 15–20 °C with frequent watering. Some varieties are almost ever-blooming even in mild climates, which makes it a good candidate for water gardens in temperate zones.

This plant has been cultivated in Japan for more than a thousand years and some varieties mentioned in Japanese gardening books in the late 17th century are still in existence.[4]

The variegated cultivar I. laevigata 'Variegata'[5] has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

History and culture

In Chiryū (知立市, Chiryū-shi) (Aichi prefecture, Japan) one can find an example of a water garden in the Yatsuhashi Kakitsubata Garden (八橋かきつばた園) at the Muryojuji Temple which has been known for its Kakitsubata garden since the Heian period and is also the place where the Japanese poet Ariwara no Narihira wrote a poem in the Ise Monogatari using the five initial letters of Ka-Ki-Tsu-Ba-Ta. The poem goes:

KArakoromo KItsutsu narenishi TSUma shi areba HArubaru kinuru TAbi wo shi zo omou (HA can also be read BA).[6]

The Kikatsubata is the prefectural flower of Aichi prefecture as well as of Chiryū City. Each year at the end of April a festival is held in the temple garden as a celebration of the flowering and attracts about 250,000 visitors each year.[7]

The Nezu Museum in Aoyama, in central Tokyo, possesses a pair of National Treasure screens painted by Ogata Korin, Irises, the most famous depiction of kakitsubata in art. The screens are placed on display mid-April to mid-May every year, when the kakitsubata are in bloom in the pond in the museum garden.

References
  1. "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-01-25. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  2. "Iris laevigata" at the Encyclopedia of Life
  3. "Iris laevigata". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
  4. "The Gardener's Iris Book – William Shears (2002)". Taunton Press Inc. Retrieved October 17, 2002.
  5. "RHS Plant Selector – Iris laevigiata 'Variegata'". Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  6. Ise Monogatari Archived 2008-03-09 at the Wayback Machine (no 9) – Ariwara no Narihira: English translation: Traveling in faraway places, I recall the old days wearing my Chinese-style garments and being with my beloved wife.
    In Japanese:から衣着つつなれにしつましあればはるばる来ぬる旅をしぞ思ふ
  7. "Rabbit Ear Iris Festival". Archived from the original on 7 February 2012. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
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