Iron Man's armor (Marvel Cinematic Universe)

Tony Stark has worn multiple different versions of the Iron Man armors throughout the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) as well as building armor for James Rhodes, which became the War Machine armor, the Iron Spider suit for Peter Parker, and Pepper Potts' Rescue armor.

The Mark III armor as featured in Iron Man (2008).

On Iron Man (2008), physical armor was built by Stan Winston Studios, with the digital version and other visual effects done by Industrial Light & Magic. Further appearances of the armor in the MCU were mainly created through visual effects. Iron Man comic book artist Adi Granov designed the Mark III, with further armors also being inspired by the armors from the comics.

Design and creation
The Hall of Armor display at the 2012 San Diego Comic-Con, featuring the Marks I-VII (back) and Mark XLII (front)

Iron Man (2008) director Jon Favreau wanted the film to be believable by showing the eventual construction of the Mark III suit in its three stages.[1] Stan Winston and his company were hired to build metal and rubber versions of the armors.[2] The Mark I design was intended to look like it was built from spare parts: particularly, the back is less armored than the front, as Tony Stark would use his resources to make a forward attack. It also foreshadows the design of Obadiah Stane's Iron Monger armor. A single 90-pound (41 kg) version was built and was designed to only have its top half worn at times.[2] Stan Winston Studios built a 10-foot (3.0 m), 800-pound (360 kg) animatronic version of the Iron Monger suit. The animatronic required five operators for the arm, and was built on a gimbal to simulate walking.[2] A scale model was used for the shots of it being built.[3] The Mark II resembles an airplane prototype, with visible flaps.[3]

Iron Man comic book artist Adi Granov designed the Mark III with illustrator Phil Saunders.[4] Granov's designs were the primary inspiration for the film's, and he came on board the film after he recognized his work on Jon Favreau's MySpace page.[5] Saunders streamlined Granov's concept art, making it stealthier and less cartoonish in its proportions,[2] and also designed the War Machine armor, but it was "cut from the script about halfway through pre-production." He explained that the War Machine armor "was going to be called the Mark IV armor and would have had weaponized swap-out parts that would be worn over the original Mark III armor," and that it "would have been worn by Tony Stark in the final battle sequence."[6] Concerned with the transition between the computer-generated and practical costumes, Favreau hired Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) to create the bulk of the visual effects for the film after seeing Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (2007) and Transformers (2007).[7] The Orphanage and The Embassy did additional work. To help with animating the more refined suits, information was sometimes captured by having Downey wear only the helmet, sleeves and chest of the costume over a motion capture suit.[2]

For Iron Man 2 (2010), ILM again did the majority of the effects, as it did on the first film.[8] ILM's visual effects supervisor on the film, Ben Snow, said their work on the film was "harder" than their work on the first, stating that Favreau asked more of them this time around. Snow described the process of digitally creating the suits:

On the first Iron Man, we tried to use the Legacy [Studios, Stan Winston's effects company] and Stan Winston suits as much as we could. For the second one, Jon [Favreau] was confident we could create the CG suits, and the action dictated using them. So, Legacy created what we called the "football suits" from the torso up with a chest plate and helmet. We'd usually put in some arm pieces, but not the whole arm. In the house fight sequence, where Robert Downey Jr. staggers around tipsy, we used some of the practical suit and extended it digitally. Same thing in the Randy's Donuts scene. But in the rest of the film, we used the CG suit entirely. And Double Negative did an all-digital suit for the Monaco chase.[8]

Because of how form-fitting the Mark V suitcase suit was required to be, the production team researched some of the classic comics armors, since they were seen as essentially variations on muscle suits. One specific aspect of an earlier armor was the color scheme from the Silver Centurion armor. The Mark VI armor was designed by Granov and Saunders to be sleeker than the Mark III, while retaining many of the Mark III qualities.[9]

In The Avengers (2012), Saunders stated that "director Joss Whedon was looking for something that had the 'cool' factor of the suitcase suit (from Iron Man 2), while still being a fully armored, heavy duty suit that could take on an army in the final battle." To that end, Saunders borrowed ideas that had been proposed in Iron Man 2 as well as some ideas that had been abandoned in Iron Man and merged them together in a modular suit that has big ammo packets on the arms and a backpack. In addition, the chest piece of the Mark VII was changed from the triangle shape of the Mark VI, back to the circular shape of the Mark III.[10] Weta Digital also took over duties for animating Iron Man during the forest duel from ILM. Guy Williams, Weta's visual effects supervisor, said, "We shared assets back and forth with ILM, but our pipelines are unique and it's hard for other assets to plug into it. But in this case, we got their models and we had to redo the texture spaces because the way we texture maps is different."[11] Williams said the most difficult part was re-creating Iron Man's reflective metal surfaces.[12]

For Iron Man 3 (2013), Chris Townsend served as visual effects supervisor. The film featured over 2,000 visual effects shots and was worked on by 17 studios: Weta Digital, Digital Domain, Scanline VFX, Trixter, Framestore, Luma Pictures, Fuel VFX, Cantina Creative, Cinesite, The Embassy Visual Effects, Lola, Capital T, Prologue, and Rise FX. Digital Domain, Scanline VFX, and Trixter each worked on separate shots featuring the Mark XLII armor, working with different digital models. The studios shared some of their files to ensure consistency between the shots. For the Mark XLII and Iron Patriot armors, Legacy Effects constructed partial suits that were worn on set. Townsend explained that "Invariably we'd shoot a soft-suit with Robert [Downey Jr.] then we'd also put tracking markers on his trousers. He would also wear lifts in his shoes or be up in a box so he'd be the correct height – Iron Man is 6'5".[13] Digital Domain had a small team embedded at Marvel, where Marvel's art department created flat concept art including front and back views. Digital Domain's team then created full 3D versions of 14 suits from those illustrations and later turned those assets over to Marvel and Weta Digital for use in their shots. One of the challenges of realizing the suits in 3D was in re-working the designs to ensure the suits had the correct physical aspects to allow them to show realistic movement.[14] The heads-up display features of the helmet were inspired by visualization techniques from MRI diagnostic pattern recognition and graph theory, particularly by the connectogram, a circular graph that maps all of the white-matter connections of the human brain.[15]

Concept art released in March 2014 for Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), revealed the inclusion of a "Hulkbuster"–like armor.[16] For Avengers: Infinity War (2018), visual effects vendor Framestore created Iron Man's Mark 50 suit, based on the Bleeding Edge armor from the comics, which is made up of singular nanobots which move around his body to form a suit, and was developed alongside Marvel for about two years.[17]

List of armors

Main armor
Name Introduced Notes
Mark I Iron Man Created by Tony Stark and Ho Yinsen, the suit left the back and knees vulnerable. It had flamethrowers and a missile launcher, and was capable of one short burst of flight before it crashed.[18] This armor is destroyed during the attack on Stark's house in Iron Man 3.
Mark II This armor improves flight capabilities, adds a heads-up-display and repulsors, and has a built in arc reactor. However, the suit experiences icing problems when flown at too high an altitude. The suit needs a special construction/removal apparatus to get in and out of the armor.[18] This armor is destroyed during the attack on Stark's house in Iron Man 3.
Mark III The Mark III fixes the freezing problem by changing the suit to a gold-titanium alloy. It also adds wrist-mounted missiles, hip-mounted flare launchers and shoulder-mounted machine guns. This is the first armor to feature the classic red and gold color scheme.[18] This armor is destroyed during the attack on Stark's house in Iron Man 3.
Mark IV Iron Man 2 Not much is known about the Mark IV as it is briefly seen when Stark enters the Stark Expo 2010. However, it does have a manually removable helmet.[18] This armor is destroyed during the attack on Stark's house in Iron Man 3.
Mark V The Mark V is a travel, portable suit, also known as the "suitcase suit",[10] that assembles around Stark's body. Not much else is known about the armor, such as if it has flight capabilities.[18] The armor takes on a red and silver color scheme, similar to the Silver Centurion armor from the comics.[9] This armor is destroyed during the attack on Stark's house in Iron Man 3.
Mark VI This armor changes the arc reactor hole to a triangular shape instead of the traditional circular one. The armor also upgrades its artillery to include a grenade launcher in one arm, a missile launcher in a shoulder and metal-slicing super lasers in both arms (though this can only be used once). The color scheme is once again the classic red and gold.[18] Stark uses this armor for much of The Avengers before switching to the Mark VII after the Mark VI suffers damage. This armor is destroyed during the attack on Stark's house in Iron Man 3.
Mark VII The Avengers The suit is able to assemble around Stark via bracelets worn by him, and brings back the circular arc reactor hole.[18] The suit is not designed for deep space travel. This armor is destroyed during the attack on Stark's house in Iron Man 3.
Mark XLII Iron Man 3 This prehensile suit[19] is able to be summoned remotely by controlling each individual piece of the armor, through state-of-the-art chips in Stark's body, and features an inverse color scheme to the other main armors, with gold as the predominant color.[20][21] Stark is able to operate the suit externally from a remote location. This armor is destroyed at the end of Iron Man 3.
Mark XLIII Avengers: Age of Ultron This suit is identical to the Mark XLII, but with an inverse red/gold color scheme.[22] The Mark XLIII has an unmanned sentry mode that allows Stark to exit the suit and remained protected. It can also be augmented with the Mark XLIV "Veronica" modular add-on in order to take on the Hulk.
Mark XLV Featuring a predominantly red color scheme and a hexagonal-shaped arc reactor, Stark wears this suit during the Avengers' final confrontation with Ultron in Sokovia.[23]
Mark XLVI Captain America: Civil War Visually similar to the Mark XLV with a pentagon-shaped arc reactor.[24] The helmet is retractable and able to fold into the back of the suit. The suit uses hybrid nanotechnology, and is an homage to the character's Bleeding Edge armor from the comics.[25]
Mark XLVII Spider-Man: Homecoming A predominately silver color scheme with the head, chest and extremities also featuring gold and red. The armor is visually similar to the one worn by Ultimate Iron Man in the comics.[26] Like the Mark XLII, the armor can be controlled remotely by Stark.
Mark L Avengers: Infinity War Known as the Bleeding Edge armor, it has rocket thrusters that allows Stark to travel in deep space. The suit has the ability to form around Stark out of his arc reactor using nanotechnology, which can regenerate itself if it sustains damage.[27][17] Visually, this armor is based on the Model Prime armor from the comics.[28] The mark number has been stylized as both decimal (50) and Roman numeral (L).[17][29] The helmet is briefly seen in Avengers: Endgame when Stark uses it to record a goodbye message while trapped in outer space.
Mark LXXXV Avengers: Endgame This armor has a similar look to the Mark L, with gold upper sleeves, shoulder guards, and a slightly bulkier design.[30] It retains the nanotechnology from the Mark L and has the ability to form an Infinity Gauntlet.[29]

Iron Legion

These armors were created before the beginning of Iron Man 3 by Stark, where they were introduced, to help in different types of situations he might encounter. They are first referenced to as the "Iron Legion" in the Iron Man 3 Prelude #2 comic.[31] These armors are destroyed at the end of Iron Man 3.

Name Nickname Notes
Mark VIII [19]
Mark IX [19]
Mark X [19]
Mark XI [19]
Mark XII [19]
Mark XIII [19]
Mark XIV [19]
Mark XV Sneaky A stealth suit that is virtually invisible to enemy early-warning systems. A chrome colored coating on the armor can darken or lighten to match the environment.[20]
Mark XVI Nightclub A black stealth suit similar to the Mark XV armor. However, it does not have all of the weapons and is designed for stealth missions.[20]
Mark XVII Heartbreaker An artillery level repulsor transmitter (RT) suit,[32] that has an oversized chest RT, which can fire powerful blasts and narrow or wide beams. It can also generate a repulsor shield for protection.[20]
Mark XVIII Casanova A stealth artillery level RT suit.[19]
Mark XIX Tiger A high velocity prototype suit.[19]
Mark XX Python A long distance suit.[19]
Mark XXI Midas A high altitude suit.[19]
Mark XXII Hot Rod The War Machine 2.0 prototype.[19]
Mark XXIII Shades An extreme heat suit.[19]
Mark XXIV Tank A heavy combat suit.[19]
Mark XXV Striker A heavy construction suit that was designed to help with construction. Its powerful jackhammer-like arms can pulverize concrete and can withstand high temperatures and electrical surges.[20] This suit is also known as "Thumper".[19]
Mark XXVI Gamma A heavy construction suit upgrade.[19]
Mark XXVII Disco A chameleon suit.[19]
Mark XXVIII Jack A radiation zone suit.[19]
Mark XXIX Fiddler A nimble construction suit.[19]
Mark XXX Blue Steel The "Silver Centurion" suit upgrade.[19]
Mark XXXI Piston A high velocity centurion suit.[19]
Mark XXXII Romeo An enhanced RT suit.[19]
Mark XXXIII Silver Centurion An enhanced energy suit, that has a slight protective force field, which allows it to attract or repulse objects using magnetic polarity.[32][20] The suit is capable of firing pulse cannons that build in intensity the further they travel.[20]
Mark XXXIV Southpaw A disaster rescue prototype suit.[19]
Mark XXXV Red Snapper A disaster rescue suit that was designed to survive in dangerous places and has extendable arms and claws making it ideal for disaster rescue.[20][32]
Mark XXXVI Peacemaker A riot control suit.[19]
Mark XXXVII Hammerhead A deep sea suit that was designed to be able to travel to the deepest parts of the ocean where it can withstand extreme pressure, and has high-power work lights to allow visibility in murky waters.[20]
Mark XXXVIII Igor A heavy lifting suit that was not designed for battle, but for heavy lifting and carrying heavy objects.[20][32]
Mark XXXIX Gemini A sub-orbital suit that was designed for otherworldly journey and has an integrated, removable booster pack and zero-gravity maneuvering thrusters.[20][32] This suit is known as "Starboost" in the official Iron Man 3 game.[33]
Mark XL Shotgun A hyper velocity suit that was designed for hypersonic speed and can travel in excess of Mach 5.[20][32]
Mark XLI Bones A skeleton suit that is a black and gold, lighter version of a full Iron Man suit, with a focus on speed and maneuverability.[20]

Other armors
Name Introduced Notes
Mark XLIV Avengers: Age of Ultron A modular add-on known as the Hulkbuster armor, it was developed by Tony Stark and Bruce Banner, after they studied the Hulk's physical actions and strength levels in an effort to find a way to contain him and minimize the damage caused by his rages.[34][16][35][36] Its codename is "Veronica", in a reference to Archie Comics. Bruce Banner is involved with Betty Ross, so Age of Ultron director Joss Whedon went for the two women that dispute Archie Andrews' affection - "the opposite of Betty is Veronica".[37]
Mark XLVIII Avengers: Infinity War An update to the Mark XLIV modular add-on, and known as Hulkbuster 2.0, it features a sleeker, less blocky design, with additions of silver in its color scheme.[38] Unlike the original Hulkbuster, it can apparently be used on its own without being 'worn' over another armor, with Banner using the Hulkbuster during the battle for Wakanda against Thanos's forces when he finds himself unable to transform into the Hulk. Banner also briefly uses it at the beginning of Avengers: Endgame.

War Machine armor
Name Introduced Notes
War Machine Mark I Iron Man 2 Originally the Iron Man Mark II armor, this suit is confiscated by James Rhodes on behalf of the US Government and enhanced by Justin Hammer. Hammer adds machine guns in the wrists, a minigun on the right shoulder and a grenade launcher on the left. The armor still retains repulsors in the chest and hands.[18] In the Iron Man 3 prequel comic, Stark reclaims the Mark II armor from Rhodes and removes all the modifications done to it by Hammer.[39]
War Machine Mark II / Iron Patriot Iron Man 3 The second War Machine armor, given to James Rhodes by Stark, has a rectangular-shaped chestplate protecting the arc reactor assembly.[39] In Iron Man 3, Rhodes was asked by the president to take on the moniker, "Iron Patriot", and add a red, white, and blue color scheme to be used as the government's "American hero" symbol in response to the events in The Avengers.[40] The armor reverts to the grey and silver color scheme in Avengers: Age of Ultron.[41]
War Machine Mark III Captain America: Civil War The armor worn in Civil War appears similar to the others seen. It is damaged through 'friendly fire' when Rhodes was pursuing Wilson and a stolen Quinjet piloted by Rogers and Barnes, and is struck by a beam fired by the Vision.[42]
War Machine Mark IV Avengers: Infinity War This version of the armor includes an 'exo-skeleton' worn on his legs and lower back when Rhodes is not wearing the full armor, allowing him to walk despite the spinal injuries sustained in Civil War.[43]
War Machine Mark VI Avengers: Endgame [44]
War Machine Mark VII Known as the Cosmic Iron Patriot armor, it has a red, white, and blue color scheme similar to the Iron Patriot armor.[45][44] It is bulkier than past War Machine armors,[46] and was built with alien technology.[45] The armor has two shoulder guns, turrets, and rocket launchers, with additional weaponry on the forearms.[46]

Non-Iron Man armors
Name Introduced Notes
Iron Monger Iron Man Suit created by Obadiah Stane, based on the designs Stark used to create the Mark I armor.
Iron Spider Spider-Man: Homecoming A nanotech armor given to Peter Parker. This armor has enhanced web shooters, a parachute, life support systems, and four robotic spider legs coming out of the back.
Rescue Avengers: Endgame A blue and gold armor designed by Stark for Pepper Potts.[47]

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