Jeff Carroll

Jeffrey Bryan Carroll is a scientific researcher in the field of Huntington's disease (HD).[1] As a carrier of the abnormal gene that causes HD,[2] he is also a public advocate for families affected by the disease, and co-founder of the HD research news platform HDBuzz.[3] His life and work were the subject of a 2011 Gemini award-nominated[4][5] CBC documentary feature.[6] Carroll is an Associate Professor of neuroscience in the Department of Psychology at Western Washington University.[1]

This article is about the scientist and Huntington's disease advocate. For the soccer player, see Jeff Carroll (soccer).

Dr Jeff Carroll
Jeff Carroll in Prague, 2009
Born (1977-08-28) August 28, 1977
OccupationScientific researcher
Known forHuntington's disease research and advocacy

Early life and family history

Born in Seattle on August 18, 1977 to parents Cindy and Jim, Carroll is one of six siblings.[2][6] He joined the US Army in 1998, serving in Kosovo.[2][6] While serving in the army, Carroll's mother was diagnosed as suffering from Huntington's disease (HD), a fatal, incurable, genetically inherited neurodegenerative illness.[2][6] Learning that he and his siblings were each at 50% risk of having inherited the genetic abnormality that causes HD, and having no scientific background, Carroll enrolled in an Army-sponsored basic biology course, initiating a career as a neuroscientist.[2][6]

Carroll underwent genetic testing for Huntington's disease in 2003 and received a positive result, indicating that he will succumb to the disease at some time, unless effective treatments are found.[2][6]

Scientific career

On leaving the US Army in 2001, Carroll joined an undergraduate biology program at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, followed by a doctoral program in UBC's Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics in the laboratory of Dr Michael Hayden.[2][6] Carroll gained a PhD in 2010 for his research into Huntington's disease, including work on the YAC128 HD mouse model,[7][8][9][10][11][12] the role of caspase 6 in HD,[13] genetic variation in the human HD gene[14] and the potential of allele-specific gene silencing using antisense oligonucleotides as a treatment for the condition.[15]

As a postdoctoral researcher, Carroll worked in the laboratory of Dr Marcy MacDonald at Harvard University[16] on metabolic abnormalities in Huntington's disease before moving to Western Washington University in 2011 where he is a Visiting Professor in the Department of Psychology and continues to conduct research into Huntington's disease.[1]

Huntington's disease advocacy

Accurately communicating research to the affected community is a moral obligation of the scientific community ... a work of science isn't complete until this has been done.

— Jeff Carroll, Trends in Molecular Medicine, 2011[16]

As a carrier of the gene that inevitably causes the fatal condition that forms the subject of his scientific research, Carroll is a frequent speaker at scientific and patient conferences and congresses, on issues relating to living at risk of HD, the mutual interdependence of science and patient communities, preimplantation genetic diagnosis and the controversial issue of predictive genetic testing for HD. He delivered keynote addresses at the 2009 World Congress on Huntington's Disease in Vancouver[17] and the 2010 Annual Convention of the Huntington's Disease Society of America.[2]

Carroll is also a prominent scientific educator and an advocate for accessible education of the public by scientists. In an editorial in the scientific journal Trends in Molecular Medicine, he argued that "accurately communicating research to the affected community is a moral obligation of the scientific community ... a work of science isn't complete until this has been done."[16] Alongside clinical researcher Dr Ed Wild and Emmy award-winning journalist and HD patient advocate Charles Sabine, Carroll has delivered plain-language digests of research news for patients and family members at major scientific conferences, including the 2009[18] and 2011[19] World Congresses on Huntington's Disease in Vancouver and Prague, and the 2010 European Huntington's Disease Network Annual Congress.[20]

In 2010, Carroll's life, work and family were the subject of an episode of the CBC News Network documentary Connect with Mark Kelley, entitled "Fighting Huntington's disease".[6] The episode was nominated for a Gemini Award for 'Best Lifestyle/Practical Information Segment'.[4][5]

In 2011, with financial support from the national Huntington's disease lay organizations of the US,[21] Canada,[22] England & Wales,[23] Scotland[24] and Germany,[25] Carroll and Wild co-founded HDBuzz, an online source of accessible news about Huntington's disease research, written by scientists.[3][16] HDBuzz was awarded the HD Association of Northern Ireland's 2011 Award for Scientific Communication[26] and the 2012 Michael Wright Community Development Award from the Huntington Society of Canada.[27] HDBuzz was the subject of an article in the scientific journal Trends in Molecular Medicine in October 2011 entitled 'HDBuzz: empowering patients through accessible education'.[16]

Carroll's life, family and research were the subject of the 2012 documentary feature film Do You Really Want to Know?, directed by Academy Award-winning Canadian film maker John Zaritsky and screened at the DOXA Documentary Film Festival. The film won several awards, including Best Documentary at the 2012 Okanagan Film Festival, Best Science / Medicine Technology Documentary and Best Non-fiction Director at the 2012 Yorkton Film Festival and Best Science / Technology Film at the 2012 Columbus International Film Festival.[28][29][30] Carroll was also the subject of a November 2012 feature on CBC radio show DNTO.[31]

Along with HDBuzz co-founder Dr Ed Wild, Carroll received the 2012 Michael Wright Community Development Award from the Huntington Society of Canada.[27]

Family life

Carroll lives in Bellingham, Washington, USA, with his wife Megan and two children, Raven and Elijah (born June 27, 2006), non-identical twins born through in-vitro fertilization using pre-implantation genetic diagnosis to ensure that they did not inherit a risk of Huntington's disease.[2][6]

References
  1. Western Washington University. "Behavioural Neuroscience Faculty". WWU. Archived from the original on November 6, 2011. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  2. "Carroll's address to the 2010 Huntington's Disease Society of America Annual Convention". Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  3. "HDBuzz". HDBuzz. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  4. "Gemini award nomination for the 'Connect with Mark Kelly' episode featuring Carroll". Gemini awards. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  5. "CBC blog acknowledging Gemini award nomination for documentary about Carroll".
  6. "Connect with Mark Kelley: Fighting Huntington's disease". CBC, Canada. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  7. 1=Van Raamsdonk, Jeremy M.; Metzler, Martina; Slow, Elizabeth; Pearson, Jacqueline; Schwab, Claudia; Carroll, Jeffrey; Graham, Rona K.; Leavitt, Blair R.; Hayden, Michael R. (2007). "Phenotypic abnormalities in the YAC128 mouse model of Huntington disease are penetrant on multiple genetic backgrounds and modulated by strain". Neurobiology of Disease. 26 (1): 189–200. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2006.12.010. PMID 17276692.
  8. Valenza, M.; Carroll, J. B.; Leoni, V.; Bertram, L. N.; Bjorkhem, I.; Singaraja, R. R.; Di Donato, S.; Lutjohann, D.; Hayden, M. R.; Cattaneo, E. (June 27, 2007). "Cholesterol biosynthesis pathway is disturbed in YAC128 mice and is modulated by huntingtin mutation". Human Molecular Genetics. 16 (18): 2187–2198. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm170. PMID 17613541.
  9. Warby, S. C.; Doty, C. N.; Graham, R. K.; Carroll, J. B.; Yang, Y.-Z.; Singaraja, R. R.; Overall, C. M.; Hayden, M. R. (April 17, 2008). "Activated caspase-6 and caspase-6-cleaved fragments of huntingtin specifically colocalize in the nucleus". Human Molecular Genetics. 17 (15): 2390–2404. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddn139. PMID 18445618.
  10. Warby, SC; Montpetit, A; Hayden, AR; Carroll, JB; Butland, SL; Visscher, H; Collins, JA; Semaka, A; Hudson, TJ; Hayden, MR (March 2009). "CAG expansion in the Huntington disease gene is associated with a specific and targetable predisposing haplogroup". American Journal of Human Genetics. 84 (3): 351–66. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.02.003. PMC 2668007. PMID 19249009.
  11. Carroll, JB; Lerch, JP; Franciosi, S; Spreeuw, A; Bissada, N; Henkelman, RM; Hayden, MR (July 2011). "Natural history of disease in the YAC128 mouse reveals a discrete signature of pathology in Huntington disease". Neurobiology of Disease. 43 (1): 257–65. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2011.03.018. PMID 21458571.
  12. Huang, K; Sanders, SS; Kang, R; Carroll, JB; Sutton, L; Wan, J; Singaraja, R; Young, FB; Liu, L; El-Husseini, A; Davis, NG; Hayden, MR (September 1, 2011). "Wild-type HTT modulates the enzymatic activity of the neuronal palmitoyl transferase HIP14". Human Molecular Genetics. 20 (17): 3356–65. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddr242. PMC 3153302. PMID 21636527.
  13. Joshi, PR; Wu, NP; André, VM; Cummings, DM; Cepeda, C; Joyce, JA; Carroll, JB; Leavitt, BR; Hayden, MR; Levine, MS; Bamford, NS (February 25, 2009). "Age-dependent alterations of corticostriatal activity in the YAC128 mouse model of Huntington disease". The Journal of Neuroscience. 29 (8): 2414–27. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5687-08.2009. PMC 2670193. PMID 19244517.
  14. Valenza, M; Leoni, V; Karasinska, JM; Petricca, L; Fan, J; Carroll, J; Pouladi, MA; Fossale, E; Nguyen, HP; Riess, O; MacDonald, M; Wellington, C; DiDonato, S; Hayden, M; Cattaneo, E (August 11, 2010). "Cholesterol defect is marked across multiple rodent models of Huntington's disease and is manifest in astrocytes". The Journal of Neuroscience. 30 (32): 10844–50. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0917-10.2010. PMC 3842469. PMID 20702713.
  15. Carroll, JB; Warby, SC; Southwell, AL; Doty, CN; Greenlee, S; Skotte, N; Hung, G; Bennett, CF; Freier, SM; Hayden, MR (October 4, 2011). "Potent and Selective Antisense Oligonucleotides Targeting Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Huntington Disease Gene / Allele-Specific Silencing of Mutant Huntingtin". Molecular Therapy. 19 (12): 2178–85. doi:10.1038/mt.2011.201. PMC 3242664. PMID 21971427.
  16. Wild, Edward J; Carroll, Jeffrey B (October 1, 2011). "HDBuzz: empowering patients through accessible education" (PDF). Trends in Molecular Medicine. 18 (1): 1–3. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2011.09.003. PMID 22018672.
  17. "Carroll's address to the 2009 World Congress on Huntington's Disease". Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  18. "Video of Carroll, Sabine and Wild's 'Evening News' feature at the World Congress on HD, 2009". Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  19. "Video of Carroll, Sabine and Wild's news feature 'Oz Buzz' at the 2011 HD World Congress". Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  20. "Video of Carroll, Sabine and Wild's presentation at the European Huntington's Disease Network Annual Congress, 2010". Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  21. "Huntington's Disease Society of America: HDBuzz research news". HDSA.
  22. "Huntington Society of Canada: HDBuzz research news". HSC. Archived from the original on October 23, 2011. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  23. "HDA announces partnership with HDBuzz". HD Association (England & Wales). January 18, 2011. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  24. "Scottish Huntington's Association: HDBuzz research news". SHA. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  25. "HDBuzz: Funding". Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  26. "HD Association of Northern Ireland: 2010 Prize for Scientific Communication". Archived from the original on April 18, 2010. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  27. "Michael Wright Award announcement (Twitter)". Retrieved November 13, 2012.
  28. Takeuchi, Craig (May 3, 2012). "DOXA 2012: Do You Really Want to Know? looks at Huntington's disease's agonizing question". Straight.com. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
  29. "Do You Really Want To Know? Official movie website". Retrieved November 27, 2012.
  30. "Do You Really Want To Know? (Facebook Account)". Retrieved November 27, 2012.
  31. "CBC/DNTO: What Happened When You Found A Lost Cause?". Retrieved November 6, 2012.


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