John Brennan (CIA officer)

John Owen Brennan (born September 22, 1955)[1][2] is a former American intelligence officer who served as the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) from March 2013 to January 2017. He served as chief counterterrorism advisor to U.S. President Barack Obama, with the title Deputy National Security Advisor for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism, and Assistant to the President.[1][3][4] Previously, he advised Obama on foreign policy and intelligence issues during the 2008 election campaign and presidential transition.[5]

John Brennan
5th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
In office March 8, 2013 – January 20, 2017
President	Barack Obama
Deputy	Avril Haines David Cohen
Preceded by	David Petraeus
Succeeded by	Mike Pompeo
5th United States Homeland Security Advisor
In office January 20, 2009 – March 8, 2013
President	Barack Obama
Preceded by	Ken Wainstein
Succeeded by	Lisa Monaco
Acting Director of the National Counterterrorism Center
In office August 27, 2004 – August 1, 2005
President	George W. Bush
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	John Scott Redd
Personal details
Born	John Owen Brennan September 22, 1955 North Bergen, New Jersey, U.S.
Spouse(s)	Kathy Pokluda
Children	3
Education	Fordham University (BA) University of Texas at Austin (MA)

Brennan withdrew his name from consideration for Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) during the first Obama administration over concerns about his support for torture, after defending on TV the transferring of terror suspects to countries where they might be tortured while serving under President George W. Bush.[3][6] Instead, Brennan was appointed Deputy National Security Advisor, a position which did not require Senate confirmation.[3][6][7]

Brennan's 25 years with the CIA included work as a Near East and South Asia analyst, as station chief in Saudi Arabia, and as director of the National Counterterrorism Center.[3][6][8] After leaving government service in 2005, Brennan became CEO of The Analysis Corporation, a security consulting business, and served as chairman of the Intelligence and National Security Alliance, an association of intelligence professionals.[9]

Brennan served in the White House as Assistant to the President for Homeland Security between 2009 and 2013. Obama nominated Brennan as his next director of the CIA on January 7, 2013.[10][11] The ACLU called for the Senate not to proceed with the appointment until they confirmed that "all of his conduct was within the law" at the CIA and White House.[12] Brennan was approved by the Senate Intelligence Committee on March 5, 2013, to succeed David Petraeus as the Director of the CIA by a vote of 12 to 3.[13]

On August 15, 2018, President Donald Trump announced that he had revoked Brennan's security clearance, although the White House reportedly did not follow through with the revocation process.[14] Brennan had harshly criticized Trump several times since his election and responded to the revocation by stating "My principles are worth far more than clearances. I will not relent."[15][16][17]

Brennan serves as a senior national security and intelligence analyst for NBC News and MSNBC. His inaugural appearance was on Meet the Press with Chuck Todd on Sunday, February 4, 2018.[18]

Early life

Brennan was born in North Bergen, New Jersey,[8] the son of Owen and Dorothy (Dunn) Brennan. His Irish father, a blacksmith, emigrated from County Roscommon, Republic of Ireland to New Jersey in 1948.[19][20] He attended the Immaculate Heart of Mary Elementary School and graduated from Saint Joseph of the Palisades High School in West New York, New Jersey.

Education

Brennan attended Fordham University, graduating with a B.A. in political science in 1977.[3] While a college student, in 1976, he voted for the Communist Party USA candidate for president, Gus Hall. He has later described his vote as a way of "signaling my unhappiness with the system", specifically the partisanship of the Watergate era.[20] After Fordham, Brennan attended the University of Texas at Austin, receiving a Master of Arts in government with a concentration in Middle East studies in 1980.[6] He speaks Arabic fluently.[8] His studies included a junior year abroad learning Arabic and taking courses at the American University in Cairo.[3][6]

While riding a bus to class at Fordham, he saw an ad in The New York Times that said that the CIA was recruiting. He decided that a CIA career would be a good match for his "wanderlust" and his desire for public service.[6] He applied to the CIA in 1980. During his application he admitted during a lie-detector test that he had voted for the Communist Party candidate four years earlier. To his surprise, he was still accepted; he later said that he finds it heartening that the CIA valued freedom of speech.[21]

Career

Brennan with Kathleen Sebelius and Rahm Emanuel, White House, April 2009

Brennan began his CIA career as an analyst and spent 25 years with the agency.[1][6][22] He was a daily intelligence briefer for President Bill Clinton.[6] In 1996, he was CIA station chief in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, when the Khobar Towers bombing killed 19 U.S. servicemen.[6] In 1999, he was appointed chief of staff to George Tenet, then-Director of the CIA.[3][6] Brennan became deputy executive director of the CIA in March 2001.[3] He was director of the newly created Terrorist Threat Integration Center from 2003 to 2004, an office that sifted through and compiled information for President Bush's daily top secret intelligence briefings and employed the services of analysts from a dozen U.S. agencies and entities.[23]

Brennan then left government service for a few years, becoming Chairman of the Intelligence and National Security Alliance (INSA) and the CEO of The Analysis Corporation (TAC).[20] He continued to lead TAC after its acquisition by Global Strategies Group in 2007 and its growth as the Global Intelligence Solutions division of Global's North American technology business GTEC, before returning to government service with the Obama administration as Homeland Security Advisor on January 20, 2009.[9]

On January 7, 2013, President Obama nominated Brennan to be director of the Central Intelligence Agency.[24]

On January 20, 2017, Brennan's CIA appointment ended, and he was replaced by President Trump's nominee Mike Pompeo on January 23, 2017.

In September 2017, Brennan was named a Distinguished Non-Resident Scholar at The University of Texas at Austin, where he also acts as a senior advisor to the University's Intelligence Studies Project.[25] He serves as a consultant on world events for Kissinger Associates.[20]

Counterterrorism advisor to President Obama

Brennan was an early national security adviser to then-candidate Obama.[20] In late 2008, Brennan was reportedly the top choice to become the Director of the CIA in the incoming Obama administration. However, Brennan withdrew his name from consideration because of opposition to his CIA service under President George W. Bush and past public statements he had made in support of enhanced interrogation and the transfer of terrorism suspects to countries where they might be tortured (extraordinary rendition).[3][6][26] President Obama then appointed him to be his Deputy National Security Advisor for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism, the president's chief counterterrorism advisor and a position that did not require Senate confirmation.[3][6][7] His responsibilities included overseeing plans to protect the country from terrorism and respond to natural disasters, and he met with the president daily.[6][27]

Brennan and President Barack Obama at a meeting of the Homeland Security Council, May 2009

In August 2009, Brennan criticized some Bush-administration anti-terror policies, saying that waterboarding had threatened national security by increasing the recruitment of terrorists and decreasing the willingness of other nations to cooperate with the U.S.[28] He also described the Obama administration's focus as being on "extremists" and not "jihadists". He said that using the second term, which means one who is struggling for a holy goal, gives "these murderers the religious legitimacy they desperately seek" and suggests the US is at war with the religion of Islam.[28] Brennan told The New York Times in January 2010, "I was somebody who did oppose waterboarding,"[29] a claim that he repeated in 2013, during the Senate's hearings about whether to confirm him as Obama's CIA director.[30] None of Brennan's superior officers at the CIA, however, recall hearing his objections, and in 2018, Brennan admitted to The New York Times, "It wasn't as though I was wearing that opposition on my sleeve throughout the agency. I expressed it privately, to individuals."[31]

In an early December 2009 interview with the Bergen Record, Brennan remarked, "the U.S. intelligence and law enforcement communities have to bat 1.000 every day. The terrorists are trying to be successful just once."[6] At a press conference days after the failed Christmas Day bomb attack on Northwest Airlines Flight 253 by Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, Brennan said U.S. intelligence agencies did not miss any signs that could have prevented the attempt but later said he had let the president down by underestimating a small group of Yemeni terrorists and not connecting them to the attempted bomber.[1][32] Within two weeks after the incident, however, he produced a report highly critical of the performance of U.S. intelligence agencies, concluding that their focus on terrorist attempts aimed at U.S. soil was inadequate.[22] In February 2010, he claimed on Meet the Press that he was tired of Republican lawmakers using national security issues as political footballs, and making allegations where they did not know the facts.[33]

Brennan was present in the Situation Room in May 2011 when the United States conducted the military operation that killed Osama bin Laden. He called Obama's decision to go forward with the mission one of the "gutsiest calls of any president in memory".[34] In the aftermath of the operation, Brennan said that the U.S. troops in the raid had been "met with a great deal of resistance", and bin Laden had used a woman as a human shield.[35][36]

Drone program

In April 2012, Brennan was the first Obama administration official to publicly acknowledge CIA drone strikes in Pakistan, Yemen, Somalia, Libya, Afghanistan, and elsewhere. In his speech, he explained the legality, morality, and effectiveness of the program.[37][38][39] The ACLU and other organizations disagreed. In 2011–2012, he also helped reorganize the process, under the aegis of the Disposition Matrix database, by which people outside of war zones were put on the list of drone targets. According to an Associated Press story, the reorganization helped "concentrate power" over the process inside the White House administration.[40][41][42] According to The New York Times, Brennan was the "principal coordinator" of U.S. kill lists. Former Obama administration counter-terrorism official Daniel Benjamin has stated that Brennan "probably had more power and influence than anyone in a comparable position in the last 20 years".[43]

In June 2011, Brennan claimed that US counter-terrorism operations had not resulted in "a single collateral death" in the past year because of the "precision of the capabilities that we've been able to develop".[44][45] Nine months later, Brennan claimed he had said "we had no information" about any civilian, noncombatant deaths during the timeframe in question.[45][46] The Bureau of Investigative Journalism disagreed with Brennan, citing their own research[47] that initially led them to believe that 45 to 56 civilians, including six children, had been killed by ten US drone strikes during the year-long period in question.[45] Additional research led the Bureau to raise their estimate to 76 deaths, including eight children and two women.[45] According to the Bureau, Brennan's claims "do not appear to bear scrutiny".[45] The Atlantic has been harsher in its criticism, saying, "Brennan has been willing to lie about those drone strikes to hide ugly realities."[48]

According to the Bureau of Investigative Journalism, Brennan's comments about collateral death are perhaps explained by a counting method that treats all military-aged males in a strike zone as combatants unless there is explicit information to prove them innocent.[45][49]

Nomination

Brennan being sworn in as CIA Director, March 8, 2013

Brennan at the White House in April 2013, discussing the Boston Marathon bombing

Obama twice nominated Brennan to serve as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.[10][11] Morris Davis, a former Chief Prosecutor for the Guantanamo Military Commissions compared Brennan to Canadian Omar Khadr, who was convicted of "committing murder in violation of the law of war".[50] He suggested that Brennan's role in targeting individuals for CIA missile strikes was no more authorized than the throwing of the grenade of which Khadr was accused.

On February 27, 2013, the Senate Intelligence Committee postponed a vote on the confirmation of Brennan, expected to be taken the next day, until the following week. On March 5, the Intelligence Committee approved the nomination 12–3. The Senate was set to vote on Brennan's nomination on March 6, 2013. However, Kentucky Senator Rand Paul began a talking Senate filibuster prior to the vote, citing Obama and his administration's use of combat drones against Americans, stating "No one politician should be allowed to judge the guilt, to charge an individual, to judge the guilt of an individual and to execute an individual. It goes against everything that we fundamentally believe in our country."[51][52] Paul's filibuster continued for 13 hours, ending with the words: "I'm hopeful that we have drawn attention to this issue, that this issue will not fade away, and that the president will come up with a response."[53] After the filibuster, Brennan was confirmed by a vote of 63–34. He was sworn into the office of CIA Director on March 8, 2013.[54]

Tenure

Two months after assuming his post at the CIA, Brennan replaced Gina Haspel, head of the National Clandestine Service with another unidentified, career intelligence officer and former Marine.[55][56] In June 2013, Brennan installed Avril Haines as Deputy Director of the Agency.[57]

In April 2014, Brennan visited Kiev where he met with Ukrainian Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk and First Deputy Prime Minister Vitaliy Yarema and purportedly discussed intelligence-sharing between the United States and Ukraine.[58][59]

In the summer of 2014, Brennan faced scrutiny after it was revealed that some CIA employees had improperly accessed the computer servers of the Senate Intelligence Committee in the wake of oversight of the CIA's role in enhanced interrogation and extraordinary rendition. Brennan apologized to Senators and stated that he would "fight for change at the CIA", and stated he would pass along the findings of the Inspector General on the incident.[60] After the incident, Senator Mark Udall (D-Colo.) stated he had "lost confidence in Brennan".[61]

Brennan and James Clapper at the LBJ Presidential Library, September 16, 2015

Brennan and former National Security Advisers Sandy Berger and Brent Scowcroft in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2015

In December 2014, Brennan again came under fire when he defended the CIA's past interrogation tactics as having yielded "useful" intelligence, during a news conference. While admitting that the actions of the CIA officers were "abhorrent", worthy of "repudiation", and had, at times, exceeded legal boundaries Brennan stated the CIA had also done "a lot of things right during this difficult time to keep this country strong and secured".[62]

During testimony to the Senate Intelligence Committee in June 2016, Brennan warned of the threat posed by ISIL claiming it had the ability to draw on a "large cadre of Western fighters" and reiterated the threats posed by lone wolf attackers, calling them "an exceptionally challenging issue for the intelligence community". Brennan detailed ISIL's size to the committee, specifying they had more fighters than al-Qaeda at its height and that they were spread between Africa and southwest Asia.[63]

In September 2016, the Congress passed the Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act (JASTA) that would allow relatives of victims of the September 11 attacks to sue Saudi Arabia for its government's alleged role in the attacks.[64] Congress overwhelmingly rejected President Barack Obama's veto.[65][66] Brennan warned of the JASTA bill's "grave implications for the national security of the United States."[67][68]

While director, Brennan created ten new "mission centers" in his campaign to focus the CIA on threats in cyberspace, where analysts and hackers work in teams with focuses on specific areas of the globe and particular issues. In addition, he created the Directorate for Digital Innovation (DDI) to hone the Agency's tradecraft in the information technology sector and create new tools dedicated to cyber-espionage. Despite general praise for his actions from within the intelligence community about Brennan's shift towards cyber, some CIA officials said they held reservations in moving away from traditional human intelligence.[69] In January 2017, Brennan, alongside FBI director James Comey, NSA director Mike Rogers, and Director of National Intelligence James Clapper briefed President-elect Donald Trump in Trump Tower on the findings of the intelligence community in regards to Russian election interference and the allegations contained in the Steele dossier.[70][71]

British security hacker Kane Gamble, sentenced to 2 years in youth detention, posed as CIA chief to access highly sensitive information and hacked into Brennan's private email and iCloud accounts, made hoax calls to his family home and even took control of his wife's iPad. The judge said Gamble engaged in "politically motivated cyber terrorism."[72][73]

Less than a week before Brennan left office in January 2017, he expressed several criticisms of incoming President Trump. Brennan said "I don't think he has a full appreciation of Russian capabilities, Russia's intentions and actions that they are undertaking in many parts of the world." Brennan stated that it was "outrageous" that Trump was "equating the intelligence community with Nazi Germany".[74]

WikiLeaks hack

In October 2015, the contents of Brennan's personal AOL e-mail account were stolen by a hack and posted on WikiLeaks. The e-mails did not contain classified information but did include sensitive personal information, including a draft of Brennan's Standard Form 86 (SF-86) application. During a subsequent security conference at George Washington University, Brennan proclaimed his "outrage" at the hack but also demonstrated the need to "evolve to deal with these new threats and challenges".[75][76] In January 2017, a North Carolina college student pleaded guilty in a Virginia federal court to charges relating to hacking Brennan's e-mail.[77] The two North Carolina men eventually pleaded guilty to a conspiracy with a group that called itself "Crackas With Attitude" to commit unauthorized computer intrusions, identity theft, and telephone harassment. Justin Gray Liverman was sentenced to five years in federal prison and Andrew Otto Boggs was sentenced to two years. Other co-conspirators were located in the United Kingdom and were prosecuted by the Crown Prosecution Service.[78]

Criticism of President Trump

Brennan helped establish the FBI’s counterintelligence investigation of Donald Trump’s campaign, which included the use of foreign intelligence, during the period leading up to the 2016 presidential election.[79] Since leaving office, Brennan has been harshly critical of President Trump. In March 2018, Brennan said Trump had "paranoia", accused him of "constant misrepresentation of the facts", and described him as a "charlatan".[80] Following the firing of FBI Deputy Director Andrew McCabe later that month, Brennan tweeted to Trump, "When the full extent of your venality, moral turpitude, and political corruption becomes known, you will take your rightful place as a disgraced demagogue in the dustbin of history. You may scapegoat Andy McCabe, but will not destroy America... America will triumph over you."[81]

Axios quoted Brennan tweeting a response to Trump's harsh comments about James Comey: "Your kakistocracy is collapsing after its lamentable journey... we have the opportunity to emerge from this nightmare stronger & more committed to ensuring a better life for all Americans, including those you have so tragically deceived."[82] On July 16, 2018, Brennan tweeted his reaction to Trump's comments at the 2018 Helsinki summit meeting with Russian president Vladimir Putin:

John O. Brennan	Twitter
@JohnBrennan

Donald Trump's press conference performance in Helsinki rises to & exceeds the threshold of "high crimes & misdemeanors". It was nothing short of "treasonous". Not only were Trump's comments "imbecilic", he is wholly in the pocket of Putin. Republican Patriots: Where are you???

July 16, 2018[83]

Trump responded by calling Brennan a "total lowlife".[84]

In December 2018, Brennan tweeted that Trump should prepare for the "forthcoming exposure of your malfeasance & corruption." One day after the release of the Barr letter in March 2019, Brennan said on MSNBC: "Well, I don't know if I received bad information, but I think I suspected there was more than there actually was. I am relieved that it's been determined there was not a criminal conspiracy with the Russian government over our election...I still point to things that were done publicly, or efforts to try to have conversations with the Russians that were inappropriate, but I’m not all that surprised that the high bar of criminal conspiracy was not met.”[85] The Barr letter was criticized by many as deceptive after the release of the Mueller report weeks later, with Mueller writing to Barr that the letter “did not fully capture the context, nature, and substance” of Mueller’s work.[86]

Claimed security clearance revocation

Brennan at the LBJ Presidential Library, October 24, 2018

In a tweet on July 23, 2018, Senator Rand Paul accused Brennan of making money from his security clearance and he called for Brennan's clearance to be revoked. Adding in a second tweet, Paul said, "Today I will meet with the President and I will ask him to revoke John Brennan's security clearance!" Later at a press conference on that date Sarah Huckabee Sanders told reporters that President Trump was considering removing the clearances of several of Obama's intelligence officials, including Brennan, saying, "The president is exploring the mechanisms to remove security clearance because they politicize and in some cases monetize their public service and security clearances."[87][88]

On August 15, 2018, White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders read a statement from President Trump dated July 26, 2018, in which he revoked Brennan's security clearance.[89] The statement said Brennan's "lying and recent conduct, characterized by increasingly frenzied commentary, is wholly inconsistent with access to the nation's most closely held secrets and facilitates the very aim of our adversaries, which is to sow division and chaos".[90] The statement said further, that Brennan had "recently leveraged his status as a former high-ranking official with access to highly sensitive information to make a series of unfounded and outrageous allegations – wild outbursts on the internet and television – about this Administration".[17]

On August 16, Brennan stated that Trump's claims of no collusion with Russia were "hogwash": "The only questions that remain are whether the collusion that took place constituted criminally liable conspiracy, whether obstruction of justice occurred to cover up any collusion or conspiracy, and how many members of 'Trump Incorporated' attempted to defraud the government by laundering and concealing the movement of money into their pockets."[91]

Following the announcement, 15 former senior intelligence officials and 60 other high-ranking former CIA officers protested the Trump decision in an open letter saying, "... former government officials have the right to express their unclassified views on what they see as critical national security issues without fear of being punished for doing so."[92] Calling Brennan "one of the finest public servants I have ever known," retired Navy admiral William H. McRaven addressed President Trump in an op-ed saying, "I would consider it an honor if you would revoke my security clearance as well, so I can add my name to the list of men and women who have spoken up against your presidency."[93]

In an extensive interview on August 17, Brennan responded to Trump's decision to remove his security clearance, expressing alarm for the nation's national security in the statement: "[the country] is in a crisis in terms of what Mr. Trump has done and is liable to do. Are the Republicans on the Hill who have given him a pass -- are they going to wait for a disaster to happen before they actually find their backbones and spines to speak up against somebody who clearly, clearly, is not carrying out his responsibilities with any sense of purpose and common sense from the standpoint of national security?"[94][95]

On August 19, Brennan told the host of NBC's "Meet the Press" that he was considering legal action to prevent Trump from doing the same to others.[96]

The New York Times reported in May 2019 that the administration had not followed through on the bureaucratic process to revoke Brennan's clearance.[97]

Durham investigation

In March 2019, attorney general Bill Barr appointed United States Attorney for the District of Connecticut John Durham to investigate the origins of the FBI Crossfire Hurricane investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 elections, which involved some Trump associates.[98] In December 2019, The New York Times reported that Durham was specifically scrutinizing Brennan's role.[99][100] Durham interviewed Brennan for eight hours on August 21, 2020, after which a Brennan advisor said Durham told Brennan he was not a subject or target of a criminal investigation, but rather a witness to events.[101]

Bibliography

• John O. Brennan (2020). Undaunted: My Fight Against America's Enemies, at Home and Abroad. New York: Celadon Books. ISBN 9781250241771. (Available 10/06/2020)[102]

Personal life

Brennan is married to Kathy Pokluda Brennan. Together they have one son, Kyle and two daughters, Kelly and Jaclyn.[2][3][103] He is agnostic.[104]

References

1. James Gordon Meek (January 9, 2010). "White House counterterrorism adviser John Brennan: Out of the shadows and into the spotlight". New York Daily News.
2. Marquis' Who's Who in the South and Southwest, 36th, 37th Editions; Who's Who in the East, 37th, 38th Editions; Who's Who in American Politics, 22nd, 23rd Editions; Who's Who in America, 64th, 65th Editions
3. Erickson, Amanda (January 7, 2013). "Profile: John O. Brennan". Who Runs Gov. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 8, 2013.
4. "Annual Report To Congress On White House Office Staff" (PDF). Executive Office of the President of the United States. July 1, 2009. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 13, 2011.
5. Kate Bolduan (March 22, 2008). "Chief of firm involved in breach is Obama adviser". CNN.
6. Jackson, Herb (December 5, 2009). "North Bergen man is homeland security assistant for President Obama". The Bergen Record. Archived from the original on May 7, 2011. Retrieved October 31, 2010.
7. Mark Mazzetti; Scott Shane (December 3, 2008). "After Sharp Words on C.I.A., Obama Faces a Delicate Task". The New York Times. p. A1.
8. Niall O'Dowd (June 6, 2010). "John Brennan, son of Irish immigrants, now Obama's top gun". Irish Central. Retrieved October 31, 2010.
9. Judith Mbuya (December 12, 2005). "New at the Top: John O. Brennan". The Washington Post. p. D08.
10. Glenn Greenwald (January 7, 2013). "John Brennan's extremism and dishonesty rewarded with CIA Director nomination: Obama's top terrorism adviser goes from unconfirmable in 2008 to uncontroversial in 2013, reflecting the Obama legacy". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on February 8, 2013. As it typically does in the US National Security State, all of that deceit and radicalism is resulting not in recrimination or loss of credibility for Brennan, but in reward and promotion. At 1 pm EST today, Obama will announce that he has selected Brennan to replace Gen. David Petraeus as CIA chief: the same position for which, four short years ago, Brennan's pro-torture-and-rendition past rendered him unfit and unconfirmable.
11. Julie Pace (January 7, 2013). "Obama to nominate counterterrorism adviser John Brennan to lead Central Intelligence Agency". Washington, D.C.: Postmedia News. Archived from the original on February 8, 2013. Obama considered Brennan for the top CIA job in 2008. But Brennan withdrew his name amid questions about his connection to enhanced interrogation techniques while serving in the spy agency during the George W. Bush administration.
12. "Brennan Nomination to Head CIA Raises Concerns". American Civil Liberties Union. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
13. Shane, Scott. "John Brennan, C.I.A. Nominee, Clears Committee Vote". The New York Times.
14. Schmidt, Michael S.; Barnes, Julian E. (May 25, 2019). "Trump's Targeting of Intelligence Agencies Gains a Harder Edge" – via NYTimes.com.
15. Singman, Brooke (August 15, 2018). "Trump revokes ex-CIA Director John Brennan's security clearance". Fox News. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
16. "President Trump revokes security clearance of former CIA director John Brennan". KMGH-TV. CNN. August 15, 2018. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
17. Allen, Jonathan. "Trump revokes former CIA Director John Brennan's security clearance". NBC News. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
18. "Ex-CIA Chief John Brennan Signs as MSNBC/NBC as Contributor". TheWrap. February 2, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
19. "DOROTHY BRENNAN - Obituary". obits.nj.com.
20. Schwartz, Mattathias (June 27, 2018). "A Spymaster Steps Out of the Shadows". The New York Times Magazine.
21. Kopan, Tal (September 15, 2016). "Polygraph panic: CIA director fretted his vote for communist". CNN.
22. Anne E Kornblut (June 6, 2010). "A forceful voice on Obama's security team; Counterterror director Brennan has emerged as key adviser". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 1, 2010.
23. Timothy J. Burger.;Viveca Novak and Elaine Shannon (March 29, 2004). "Threat Analysis: Decoding The Chatter". Time. Retrieved October 31, 2010.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
24. Landler, Mark. "Obama Picks Hagel as Defense Secretary, Brennan for C.I.A." The New York Times.
25. Former CIA Director Brennan Joins UT Austin as a Distinguished Scholar University of Texas at Austin (Sep7. 19, 2017).
26. Massimo Calabresi (February 10, 2010). "Counterterrorism: The Debate Moves Right". TIME.
27. Karen DeYoung (February 8, 2009). "Obama's NSC Will Get New Power; Directive Expands Makeup and Role Of Security Body". The Washington Post. p. A01.
28. Mike Memoli (August 16, 2009). "Brennan Outlines Terror Strategy, Rebutting Critics". Real Clear Politics. Retrieved October 31, 2010.
29. Baker, Peter (January 4, 2010). "Obama's War over Terror". The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved July 2, 2018.
30. McGreal, Chris (February 13, 2013). "Brennan rejects CIA torture claims in confident display at Senate hearing". The Guardian. Retrieved July 2, 2018.
31. Schwartz, Mattathias (June 27, 2018). "A Spymaster Steps out of the Shadows". The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved July 2, 2018.
32. Time staff (January 4, 2010). "There is no smoking gun". TIME. Retrieved October 31, 2010.
33. Reuters staff (February 8, 2010). "GOP plays 'political football' with terror fear, President Obama aide John Brennan says". New York Daily News. Reuters.
34. "Trail leading to bin Laden began with his trusted courier". CNN. July 5, 2011. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
35. Montopoli, Brian (May 5, 2011). "How did bin Laden resist Navy SEALs without a weapon?". CBS News. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
36. "On Whether Bin Laden Was Armed, Here's What Officials Said". NPR. May 4, 2011. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
37. John O. Brennan (April 30, 2012). "The Ethics and Efficacy of the President's Counterterrorism Strategy". Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Retrieved May 1, 2012.
38. Savage, Charlie (April 30, 2012). "Top U.S. Security Official Says 'Rigorous Standards' Are Used for Drone Strikes". The New York Times. Retrieved May 1, 2012.
39. "White House in first detailed comments on drone strikes". BBC News. April 30, 2012. Retrieved May 1, 2012.
40. "ACLU Credits White House for Drone Strike Transparency, but Says Program Still Unlawful". ACLU. April 30, 2012.
41. Kimberly Dozier (May 21, 2012). "Who will drones target? Who in the US will decide?". The Boston Globe. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 27, 2012.
42. Brian Bennett; David S. Cloud (April 30, 2012). "Obama's counter-terrorism advisor defends drone strikes". Los Angeles Times.
43. Worth, Robert; Mazzetti, Mark; Shane, Scott (February 5, 2013). "Drone Strikes' Dangers to Get Rare Moment in Public Eye". The New York Times.
44. John Brennan, Advisor, White House Office of Homeland Security (June 29, 2011). Obama Administration Counterterrorism Strategy: John Brennan talked about the campaign against al-Qaida, and the Obama administration's counterterrorism strategy since the killing of Osama bin Laden. John McLaughlin moderated questions from the audience (Video). Paul H. Nitz School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland: C-SPAN. Event occurs at Events occur at 49:05 in video. Retrieved August 3, 2014. One of the things that President Obama has been insistent on is that we're exceptionally precise and surgical in terms of addressing the terrorist threat. And by that I mean if there are terrorists within an area where there are women and children or others, we do not take such action that might put those innocent men, women, and children in danger. In fact I can say that the types of operations that the US has been involved in, in the counterterrorism realm, that nearly for the past year there hasn't been a single collateral death because of the exceptional proficiency, precision of the capabilities that we've been able to develop.
45. Woods, Chris (January 9, 2013). "New questions over CIA nominee Brennan's denial of civilian drone deaths". The Bureau of Investigative Journalism. Retrieved August 3, 2014. Claims by the Central Intelligence Agency's new director-designate that the US intelligence services received 'no information' about any civilians killed by US drones in the year prior to June 2011 do not appear to bear scrutiny ... Nine months later, George Stephanopoulos of ABC News challenged Brennan on his original claims. 'Do you stand by the statement you have made in the past that, as effective as they have been, [drones] have not killed a single civilian?' the interviewer asked. 'That seems hard to believe.' Brennan was robust, insisting that 'what I said was that over a period of time before my public remarks that we had no information about a single civilian, a noncombatant being killed.' ... A later report in the New York Times provided a possible explanation for Brennan's robustness. The paper revealed that Washington 'counts all military-age males in a strike zone as combatants, according to several administration officials, unless there is explicit intelligence posthumously proving them innocent.' ... The Bureau has now raised its estimate of the number of civilians killed in the period Brennan claimed none had died to 76, including eight children and two women. The new figures are based in part on our own research and on studies by Associated Press and Stanford and New York universities.
46. "'This Week' Transcript: John Brennan, Economic Panel". ABC News. April 29, 2012. Retrieved August 3, 2014. Well, what I said was that over a period of time before my public remarks that we had no information about a single civilian, a noncombatant being killed. Unfortunately, in war, there are casualties, including among the civilian population.
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External links

Further reading

• Brennan, John O. (April 30, 2012). "Text of John O. Brennan's Speech on Drone Strikes at the Wilson Center". Lawfare Blog.
• Cole, David (February 21, 2013). "13 Questions for John O. Brennan". New York Review of Books.
• Shane, Scott (March 5, 2013). "Senate Committee Approves Brennan for C.I.A. Director". The New York Times.
• Nomination of John O. Brennan to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency: Hearing before the Select Committee on Intelligence of the United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session February 7, 2013, March 5, 2013
• Appearances on C-SPAN

Interviews

• Lake, Eli (June 24, 2010). "Dozens of Americans believed to have joined terrorists". The Washington Times. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
• "Q&A: John Brennan – The Counterterror Campaign". National Journal. March 7, 2008. Archived from the original on March 10, 2013. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
• "The Dark Side: Interviews – John Brennan". Frontline. WGBH. June 20, 2006.