John Mosman

John Mosman was a Scottish goldsmith based in Edinburgh who served the royal court and was involved in gold mining.

John Mosman made jewellery for James V and Mary of Guise

Family background

There is some confusion between the John Mosman who served James V of Scotland and the activities of other members of the family. Another John Mosman of a previous generation was an Edinburgh apothecary. It has been suggested that the Mosman family was of Jewish origin. A branch of the family including a John Mosman and his son Robert Mosman was recorded in February 1490 in connection with their tenancy of the lands of "Easter Gledstanis".[1]

Career

One of John Mosman's early recorded works was a set of silver clasps for the king's haubergeon, a piece of chain-mail armour in February 1534.[2]

Mosman was involved in gold mining in Scotland. In 1539 French-speaking miners arrived from the Duchy of Lorraine sent by the Duchess of Guise and Mosman paid their expenses from Edinburgh to the mines at Crawford Moor and for their equipment. The royal accounts specify that many pieces made by Mosman were fashioned from Scottish gold. Mosman was paid for a nugget of gold, "unwrocht gold of the mynde", that was sent the Duke of Guise, the father of the queen consort Mary of Guise.[3]

In June 1539 Mosman was given gold coins and gold from a Scottish mine to make hair pieces called "chafferonys" for the women of the court of Mary of Guise.[4] He made a "chafferoun" of gold in "Paris work" or fashion for one of the daughters of James V, probably Lady Jean Stewart.[5] This was a Scots word for a jewelled strip bordering the front of a hood or coif.[6] In an inventory of Margaret Tudor's jewels in 1516 a "chaffron" comprises the jewelled border and also the velvet hood or hair bag, embroidered with pearl.[7][8]

In December 1539 Mosman made a zibellino for Mary of Guise from Scottish gold, comprising the head and feet of a marten fashioned in gold to be worn with the fur.[9]

Mosman made Mary of Guise a belt from Scottish gold with a sapphire.[10] Mosman made rings for James V from Scottish gold and stones described as "Scottish diamonds." He also made silver reliquaries for bones of St Malo and Adrian of May.[11] He made at least two whistles for the king from Scottish gold, and one had a dragon coloured with enamel.[12] The whistles may have been used by the king on his ships, including the Salamander. Mosman made a silver whistle for the "patroun", the commander of the king's new ships.[13] James V was also fond of hawking, and Mosman fashioned a silver clam shell as a luxurious accessory to hold the meat used to train the birds.[14] He made a second clam shell for hawk meat in December 1541 with another, half the size, for the king's tooth powder. In February 1541 he made the king two gold bells for hawks and a silver case for tooth-picks. In June 1542 he was asked to enlarge the second clam shell for hawking.[15]

In 1540 James V sent hackney riding horses as gifts to Francis I, the Dauphin, and the Duke of Guise. The horses were equipped with elaborate harnesses and cover cloths, fitted with buckles, and decorative thistles and lion's heads, which Mosman gilded using mercury. The weaver Helen Ros made silk fringes for this horse tack, and she also made passementerie for chairs.[16] The king's former favourite James Hamilton of Finnart was executed in August 1540, and his silver was brought from Craignethan Castle to Edinburgh, where Mosman engraved it with the heraldry of the king's infant eldest son, James, Duke of Rothesay.[17]

James Mosman was bought clothes like others regarded as members of the royal household, including black satin for a doublet, and a black cloak.[18] He was not an exclusive maker or supplier of jewelry to the Scottish royal court, the king frequently bought pieces from the goldsmith Thomas Rynd, especially for the New Year's day gifts which he distributed to courtiers.[19] Thomas Rynd was a relation of Jonet Rynd, who founded Edinburgh's Magdalen Chapel.[20]

Mosman is known for making and refurbishing the crown of Scotland, which is kept at Edinburgh Castle with other items known as the Honours of Scotland.[21][22] Mosman made and gilded a silver sceptre and made a crown for the coronation of Mary of Guise in February 1540.[23] This crown, which does not survive, may have been used in 1590 at the coronation of Anna of Denmark.[24] Mosman was given Scottish gold, from Crauford Moor, to augment the king and queen's crowns in June 1542.[25]

Mosman also worked for Regent Arran and was rewarded in May 1550 for his "diligent labours" in making the gold chain presented to "Fumet", François de Seguenville-Fumel, sieur de Thors, the French envoy who brought the peace treaty at the end of the war with England known as the Rough Wooing. Mary of Guise paid for half of the gold used in this chain.[26] In 1552 he gilded a silver bell for Regent Arran.[27]

John Mosman was appointed in September 1556 with Michael Gilbert, William Ure, and Robert Rynd to collect and oversee contributions from members of Edinburgh incorporation of goldsmiths to a tax levied by Mary of Guise for the defence of the Scottish borders.[28] He probably died soon after.

Marriage and family
Arms of James Mosman and Mariota Arres on the John Knox House

John Mosman married Katherine Sym. Their children included:

  • John Mosman, who married Susanna Wilson (d. 1593), their children included Susanna and John Mosman. In 1593 the stock of their shop included a number of rings set with precious and counterfeit or "slight" stones, and a "tablet" or locket with the miniature portraits of James VI and Anne of Denmark worth £57 Scots.[29]
  • James Mosman, who married Mariota Arres, and secondly in 1571, Janet King, and rebuilt the "John Knox House" on the Royal Mile in Edinburgh. On 16 December 1558 he weighed and valued the treasures of St Giles' Kirk including the reliquary of the saint's arm bone.[30] James Mosman and his workshop made gold chains for Mary, Queen of Scots to give as diplomatic gifts. In April 1566 he sold the queen rings and other pieces which were probably intended as presents to her attendants. He was an assay master in the mint and made dies for the coinage.[31] With another goldsmith James Cockie, he helped raise money on the security of the jewels of Mary, Queen of Scots during the "lang siege" of Edinburgh castle and was executed in 1573.[32]
    • The children of James Mosman included Marion Mosman (d. 1599), who married Andrew Meikle; and John Mosman, who had daughters, Elspeth and Marion Mosman.

References
  1. The Acts of the Lords Auditors of Causes & Complaints (Edinburgh, 1839), p. 134.
  2. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1905), p. 406.
  3. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1907), pp. 182, 193-4, 289.
  4. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1907), p. 159.
  5. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1905), p. 406.
  6. 'Schaffroun', DOST/DSL
  7. Agnes Strickland, Lives of the Queens of Scotland, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1850), pp. 135-9
  8. Thomas Thomson, Collection of Inventories (Edinburgh, 1815), pp. 21-28
  9. Accounts of the Treasurer, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1907), p. 265.
  10. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1907), p. 278: Rosalind K. Marshall, 'Hir Rob Ryall: the Costume of Mary of Guise', Costume, 12:1 (1978), p. 4.
  11. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1907), pp. 395-6.
  12. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1907), p. 320.
  13. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1907), pp. xlviii, 195, 197.
  14. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1907), p. 326.
  15. Accounts of the Treasurer, vol. 8 (Edinburgh, 1908), pp. 44, 57, 89.
  16. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1907), pp. 285, 391.
  17. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1907), p. 397.
  18. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1905), p. 439.
  19. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1907), pp. li, 265.
  20. Mairi Cowan, Death, life, and religious change in Scottish towns c. 1350–1560 (Manchester, 2012), p. 142.
  21. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1907), p. 278.
  22. Charles J. Burnett, 'Outward Signs of Majesty', Janet Hadley Williams, Stewart Style, 1513-1542 (Tuckwell, 1996), pp. 293-4.
  23. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1907), pp. 254, 285-6.
  24. Diana Scarisbrick, 'Anne of Denmark's Jewellery Inventory', Archaeologia, 109 (1991), p. 207: Andrea Thomas, Glory and Honour: The Renaissance in Scotland (Edinburgh, 2013), p. 187.
  25. Accounts of the Treasurer, vol. 8 (Edinburgh, 1908), pp. 82-3.
  26. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer, vol. 9 (Edinburgh, 1911), p. 402: Marcus Merriman, The Rough Wooings (Tuckwell, 2000), p. 347.
  27. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treaurer: 1551-1559, vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1913), p. 125.
  28. Jean Munro & Henry Steuart Fotheringham, Edinburgh Goldsmiths' Minutes (SRS: Edinburgh, 2006), p. 217.
  29. National Records of Scotland, Wilsoun, Susanna, CC8/8/25, p. 322
  30. James Marwick, Extracts from the Records of the Burgh of Edinburgh: 1557-1571 (Edinburgh, 1875), p. 27.
  31. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer: 1559-1566, vol. 11 (Edinburgh, 1916), pp. 76, 344, 352, 360, 492.
  32. Bruce Lenman, 'Jacobean Goldsmith-Jewellers as Credit-Creators: The Cases of James Mossman, James Cockie and George Heriot', Scottish Historical Review, 74:198 (1995), pp. 159–177.
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