Johnny Papalia

John Joseph Papalia (Italian: [papaˈliːa]; March 18, 1924 – May 31, 1997), also known as Johnny Pops Papalia or "The Enforcer", was an Italian-Canadian Mafia figure based in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. He was boss of the Papalia crime family, one of three major crime families in Hamilton, the other two being the Musitano crime family and the Luppino crime family.

Johnny Papalia
Born
John Joseph Papalia

(1924-03-18)March 18, 1924
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
DiedMay 31, 1997(1997-05-31) (aged 73)
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Cause of deathGunshot
Resting placeHoly Sepulchre Cemetery, Burlington, Ontario
Other names"Johnny Pops", "The Enforcer"
OccupationMob boss, drug trafficker
Spouse(s)
Janetta Hayes
​
​
(m. 1981; separated 1983)​
Parent(s)Antonio "Tony" Papalia
Maria Rosa Italiano
RelativesFrank Papalia (brother)
Rocco Papalia (brother)
Dominic Papalia (brother)
AllegiancePapalia crime family
Conviction(s)Assault (1961)
Drug trafficking (1963)
Extortion (1975)
Criminal penalty18 months' imprisonment (commuted)
10 years' imprisonment; served five years
Six years' imprisonment; served four years

Papalia was born in Hamilton, to Italian immigrants. At a young age, he was involved in petty crimes. By the 1950s, he moved his way up to drug trafficking, and formed a powerful alliance with the Buffalo crime family. Papalia also operated various gambling bars and vending machine businesses. By the 1960s and 1970s, he played a role in the French Connection smuggling operation. On May 31, 1997, Papalia was shot to death outside his vending machine business by Kenneth Murdock, a hit man hired by Angelo and Pat Musitano of the Musitano family.

Early life and criminal activities

Papalia was born on March 18, 1924 in Hamilton.[1][2] His father, Antonio "Tony" Papalia, who had early Picciotteria values,[3] was a bootlegger who immigrated to Canada from Delianuova, Calabria, Italy, in 1912, through New York City before moving on to Montreal, Quebec then New Brunswick in the coal mines, before finally settling on Railway Street in Hamilton, Ontario in 1917.[lower-alpha 1] His father became associated with Calabrian compatriot and notorious bootlegger Rocco Perri, and later Guelph mobster Tony Sylvestro, working as a bootlegger who operated speakeasies.[6][7] He was suspected in playing a role in the murder of Perri's wife Bessie Starkman in 1930.[8] Papalia's mother, Maria Rosa Italiano, also came from a Mafia family, the Italiano clan, who also participated in Perri's gang.[9] Maria Rosa initially married Antonio's younger brother Giuseppe Papalia Jr., giving birth to two sons in Italy, however when Giuseppe died, she immigrated to Canada with her two sons in 1923 to marry Antonio.[10] Johnny, the oldest brother to Frank, Rocco and Dominic Papalia, half-brothers Joseph and Angelo Papalia, brother-in-law Tony Pugliese, and associates, all worked in running his clubs and gambling operations.[11]

It is also believed Antonio and his son Johnny Papalia, along with Stefano Magaddino of the Buffalo crime family, played a role in Perri's disappearance in 1944 after Perri left members of his Mafia crew "slighted", though both cases remain unsolved.[12][5]

Papalia was involved in petty crimes from a young age. He was arrested in 1949, and sentenced to two years in prison at the Guelph Reformatory for possession of narcotics, down from conspiracy to distribute narcotics.[13] When he was released in 1951, he moved to Montreal for a stint, where he worked with Luigi Greco and New York Bonanno crime family representative Carmine Galante in heroin trafficking.[14] He later shifted to Toronto extorting brokers and running gambling clubs.[15] By the mid-1950s, Papalia was called back to Ontario by Magaddino and inducted into the Canadian arm of the powerful Cosa Nostra family of Buffalo.[16][17]

In 1955, with assistance from Sylvestro, Papalia started opening charter gambling clubs in Hamilton and Toronto. Sylvestro's son-in-law Danny Gasbarrini, Papalia's brothers Frank, Rocco and Dominic, half-brothers Joseph and Angelo, brother-in-law Tony Pugliese, and associates Red LeBarre, Freddie Gabourie, Frank Marchildon and Jackie Weaver, all worked in running Papalia's clubs.[18] After police raids, Papalia started working with James McDermott and Vincent Feeley, two major figures in gambling, in several clubs throughout southern Ontario.[19]

Extradition and sentencing

By the late 1950s, Papalia was a made man in the Buffalo family, and boss of the Papalia family Ontario faction.[17] The illegal gambling business in Toronto was very lucrative, dominated by Maxie Bluestein who kept the Mafia out of his pocket. Bluestein's Lakeview Club did more than $13 million a year, but on March 21, 1961, at the Town Tavern, Bluestein met with Papalia in Toronto. Bluestein refused to "merge" his operations with Papalia's and was beaten with brass knuckles, iron bars and fists as a result.[20] The 100 some witnesses to the beating were reluctant to come forward, but in May of that year Papalia turned himself in to police to take some heat off of the crime family, and was sentenced in June to 18 months in prison for the assault.[21] While Bluestein kept control of the Toronto gambling market, he had paranoia and was later committed to a mental institution in 1973 after he had killed a friend, before later dying of a heart attack in 1984.[21] Later in 1961, Papalia demolished the family home and built a warehouse for his vending machine business, an all-cash business, to serve as the front for his criminal operations.[22]

By the early 1960s, he earned reputation from the French Connection, a smuggling operation that supplied over 80 percent of America's heroin market between the 1960s and 1970s—having strong connections with the Buffalo family.[23] He worked in this operation with the Sicilian Agueci brothers Alberto and Vito, along with the vending machine businesses with Alberto, until he was brutally murdered by the Buffalo crime family in late 1961, and Vito jailed.[24][25] On May 22, 1961, several people were indicted related to the French Connection from informants Salvatore Rinaldo and Matteo Palmeri.[26] In July 1961, Papalia was ordered to be extradited to the United States for his role in the smuggling ring,[27] and after his sentence for the Bluestein assault was commuted on March 15, 1962, he was extradited.[5][28] On March 11, 1963, he was found guilty, and sentenced to 10 years despite coughing up blood due to the tuberculosis he contracted as a child.[29] Due to the indictment, Magaddino promoted Santo Scibetta to leader of the Buffalo family's Ontario branch, replacing Papalia.[30][31]

Post-release

On January 25, 1968, after serving less than half the sentence, he was released from a United States penitentiary in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, and sent back to Canada.[5][32] While he was in jail, his father died on May 14, 1964, with his mother dying on July 27, 1970.[33] Giacomo Luppino and Santo Scibetta also answered to Magaddino while Papalia was imprisoned.[30]

In 1974, Montreal mobsters Vincenzo Cotroni and Paolo Violi were over-heard on a police wiretap threatening to kill Papalia and demanding $150,000 after he used their names in the $300,000 extortion of Toronto business man Stanley Bader without notifying or cutting them in on the score.[5] Bader testified against them, and the three were convicted of extortion in 1975 and sentenced to six years in prison. Violi and Cotroni got their sentences appealed to just six months, but Papalia's was rejected; he served four of the years.[34] In 1982, after Bader had moved south to Miami, he was sprayed with bullets when answering his front door. Papalia has been linked with his death, as well as the 1983 death of Toronto mobster Paul Volpe, but no charges were laid.[35]

In January 1981, Papalia married Janetta Hayes in a private ceremony; they would separate in 1983.[36] In July 1983, Réal Simard moved to Ontario from Montreal where he met with Papalia in Hamilton on behalf of Frank Cotroni.[37] Simard seized the Ontario market, bringing Quebec strippers to Toronto clubs, where he allowed Papalia to put his pinball machines in his clubs.[37] Papalia was known for his hatred of outlaw bikers and in the 1980s-1990s made it very clear that he did not want a Hells Angels chapter set up in Hamilton.[38] Walter Stadnick, a Hamilton native and Hells Angels in charge of expanding the Angels into Ontario, was forced to keep a low profile in his hometown as long as Papalia lived.[38]  

In the 1990s, Papalia lieutenant Enio "Pegleg" Mora borrowed $7.2 million from Montreal mob boss Vito Rizzuto, and gave the bulk of the money to Papalia to open an upscale restaurant and nightclub in Toronto. After the Rizzuto crime family were not re-paid, in September 1996, Mora was shot in the head four times at a Vaughan farm; Giacinto Arcuri was arrested and charged with Mora's murder, but was acquitted for lack of evidence.[39]

Papalia's brother Frank, the former underboss of the family, died of natural causes in 2014 at the age of 83.[40][16]

Death

Papalia was fatally shot in the head on May 31, 1997, at the age of 73 in the parking lot of 20 Railway Street outside his vending machine business, Galaxy Vending, in Hamilton.[41] The hitman Kenneth Murdock claimed that he had been ordered to kill "Pops" by Angelo and Pat Musitano of the Musitano crime family who owed $250,000 to cover bookmaking debts to Papalia.[7] Murdock also killed Papalia's right-hand man Carmen Barillaro two months later. In November 1998, Murdock pleaded guilty to three counts of second degree murder, was sentenced to life imprisonment, and named Pat and Angelo as the men who had ordered the murders; he was released on parole after serving 13 years.[42][43][44] In February 2000, the brothers were sentenced to 10 years for conspiracy in the murder of Barillaro in a plea bargain arrangement. No conviction was obtained in relation to the murder of Papalia.[45] In October 2006, the Musitano brothers were both released from prison.[46][47]

Amid controversy, Papalia was not given a full funeral mass by the Catholic Church due to his criminal history.[48] He was buried at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery, in a family plot, in Burlington, Ontario.[49]

Legacy

Crime expert Jerry Langton called Papalia the most important Mafiosi in Ontario of his generation.[50] Langton noted Papalia had a marked distaste for outlaw bikers, and in a sign of his power, Walter Stadnick, the former president of Hells Angels Canada, had trouble establishing the Angels in Ontario while Papalia was alive. Langton stated, "It’s hard for people to understand now just how powerful Johnny Pops was. He was basically the only Canadian Mafia figure who could sit at the table with the top guys in New York. He was part of the French connection; he ruled a big swath of Canada, particularly Southern Ontario, for a very long time. After the Mafia imploded in less than a year, there was no one to oppose the bikers and they came rushing in."[50] One police officer, Shawn Clarkson, of the Niagara Falls Police Department, stated: "There was nobody to stand up to the Hells Angels the way Barillaro or Papalia would have. Papalia, even though he was 73 when he died, he wouldn't have put up with that".[51]

Notes
  1. Antonio, born in 1894, was thought to have immigrated straight to Canada in 1900, however U.S. immigration records were found in 2004 confirming his origin.[4][5]

Further reading
  • Humphreys, Adrian. The Enforcer:Johnny Pops Papalia, A Life and Death in the Mafia. Toronto, Canada: Harper Collins, 1999. ISBN 0-00-200016-4
  • Langton, Jerry Showdown: How the Outlaws, Hells Angels and Cops Fought for Control of the Streets, Toronto: John Wiley, 2010, ISBN 047067878X.

References
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  2. Schneider, Stephen (2009). Iced: The Story of Organized Crime in Canada. John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. p. 291. ISBN 9780470835005. Archived from the original on 2021-01-07. Retrieved 2021-01-06.
  3. Humphreys, Adrian (1999). The Enforcer:Johnny Pops Papalia, A Life and Death in the Mafia. Toronto: HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. p. 21. ISBN 9781443438353.
  4. Humphreys, Adrian (1999). The Enforcer:Johnny Pops Papalia, A Life and Death in the Mafia. Toronto: HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. p. 15–16. ISBN 9781443438353.
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