Juan del Junco

Juan de(l) Junco (1503 in Ribadesella, Asturias, Castile – ? in Santo Domingo) was a Spanish conquistador who participated in the Spanish conquest of the Muisca people. Del Junco started his career as a conquistador in the 1526 expedition led by Sebastian Cabot exploring the Río de la Plata in present-day Argentina. In 1535, he arrived in Santa Marta on the Colombian Caribbean coast from where the expedition in search of El Dorado set off in April 1536.

Juan del Junco
Born1503
Ribadesella, Asturias
DiedUnknown
Santo Domingo, Hispaniola
NationalityCastilian
Other namesJuan de Junco
OccupationConquistador
Years active1526-1541
EmployerSpanish Crown
Known forSpanish conquest of the Muisca
Spouse(s)Inés de Villalobos
ChildrenYes, but names unknown
RelativesRodrigo del Junco (brother)
Juan del Junco was one of the captains in the expedition along the green route from Santa Marta into the Muisca Confederation

Del Junco played a role in the foundations of Bogotá (August 6, 1538), and Tunja (August 6, 1539). He was a senior captain under Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Del Junco was named second in line of succession, after Gonzalo's brother Hernán, in the event of the death of the first governor of the New Kingdom of Granada. Del Junco was awarded the encomienda (mayoralty) of Cucaita, close to Tunja, for his efforts as a soldier. In 1541, Del Junco left South America for Santo Domingo, where he married and remained until his death.

Juan del Junco was named by several early chroniclers of the Spanish conquest of Colombia: Epítome de la conquista del Nuevo Reino de Granada (first published in 1889);[1] Elegías de varones ilustres de Indias (De Castellanos, 1589);[2] El Carnero (Freyle, 1638);[3] and Historia general de las conquistas del Nuevo Reino de Granada (De Piedrahita, 1676).[4]

Biography

Early career
As a reward for his efforts Juan del Junco received the encomienda of Cucaita

Juan del Junco, in some texts also named as Juan de Junco, was born in Asturias in 1503. He was baptised in Ribadesella; as was his brother, Rodrigo del Junco, who would become governor of La Florida.[5] He was active as a soldier in Hungary and Italy in his early years.[6]

American Expeditions
Main article: Spanish conquest of the Muisca § 1536 - the harsh expedition towards Muisca territory
Del Junco's father-in-law, Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón, is known as the first founder of a European settlement on the American east coast.
Map by Diego Ribero, 1539

The conquest expeditions of Juan del Junco commenced in 1526, when he embarked on a ship leaving Sanlúcar de Barrameda. He served under Sebastian Cabot in the exploration of the Río de la Plata.[7] In 1532 or 1533, taking Hernán Venegas Carrillo with him,[8] Del Junco sailed to Santo Domingo, Hispaniola.[4] From there his plan was to travel to the newly founded city of Cartagena, but went to Santa Marta instead to assist Roberto Infante, then governor of the city, arriving in 1535.[3][9]

Del Junco joined the harsh expedition into the Colombian Andes from Santa Marta as a captain in an expedition led by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, departing on April 6, 1536.[10] After almost one year, the heavily reduced regiment reached the Muisca Confederation on the Bogotá savanna. As a captain Del Junco participated in the foundation of Bogotá on August 6, 1538 by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada; and Tunja on August 6, 1539 by Gonzalo Suárez Rendón.[3][11]

Juan del Junco is noted as one of the captains of the newly founded New Kingdom of Granada to hand back the weapons of the earlier dismissed Lázaro Fonte, lover of Zoratama. His companions in this task were Gonzalo Suárez Rendón, Pedro Fernández de Valenzuela and Diego Paredes.[12] Fonte was imprisoned but released when he informed De Quesada of the arrival of two other conquest expeditions on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, by Nikolaus Federmann from the east and Sebastián de Belalcázar from the south. Fonte had used the skin of a deer to write his revelations.[13][14][15]

Local government

After the conquest expeditions, captain Del Junco was appointed a regidor (councillor) of Santa Fe de Bogotá,[16] and received the encomienda of Cucaita, in the province of Tunja.[2] He was the next in line to succeed as governor of the province in the event of the death of Hernán Pérez de Quesada, brother of Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.[10][17][18] He spent twenty months in the New Kingdom of Granada and extorted 20,000 pesos of gold from the Muisca people. Notable caciques he pillaged gold and emeralds from were the caciques of Quiminza, Cucayta, Boyacá, Sora, Sutamanga and Cuqueitagacha.[9] In a 1560 letter, Juan del Junco wrote to the Spanish Crown "of the 11,000 indians that resided on the banks of the Magdalena River, not even 500 survived".[19]

Personal life

In 1541, Del Junco returned to Santo Domingo, the city he had left six years before. He married Inés de Villalobos, daughter of oidor (judge) Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón.[3] The couple had children, but their fate is unknown, as is the year of his death.[10][20]

See also

References
  1. Epítome, 1889, p.82
  2. De Castellanos, 1589, p.400
  3. Rodríguez Freyle, 1638, p.61
  4. De Piedrahita, 1676, p.101
  5. Rodando por Ribadesella
  6. (in Spanish) La conquista del Pacífico. La historia de "los trece de la fama" en la isla del Gallo
  7. De Plaza, 1810, p.61
  8. Rodríguez Freyle, 1638, p.75
  9. (in Spanish) Conquistadores en el Altiplano
  10. (in Spanish) Lista de los que consiguieron el descubrimiento del Reino de Granada con el General don Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, en el año de 1538 - Banco de la República
  11. Rodríguez Freyle, 1638, p.103
  12. De Plaza, 1810, p.89
  13. Ocampo López, 1996, p.103
  14. (in Spanish) Soratama y su Amor al Conquistador Español: Lázaro Fonte
  15. Rodríguez Freyle, 1638, p.72
  16. Acosta, 1848, p.281
  17. De Piedrahita, 1676, p.145
  18. Acosta, 1848, p.420
  19. (in Spanish) El día que América amaneció estrenando alma
  20. Rodríguez Freyle, 1638, p.50

Bibliography

Further reading
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