Kahrizak Detention Center

Kahrizak Detention Center (Persian: بازداشتگاه کهریزک‎) is a detainment facility operated by the Judicial system of Iran in Kahrizak, Tehran Province, Iran.

Before the 2009 election protests

Authorities first made plans for the Kahrizak detention center in 2001. The center's cells, located underground, were apparently built without free access to fresh air and toilet facilities.[1] With the appointment of Ahmad-Reza Radan to the post of Tehran police chief, the center became a key site for carrying out the "Public Security Plan" targeting drug addicts and so-called "thugs and louts" endangering public morality.[2]

Reports of inhumane treatment of the prisoners at Kahrizak were released, with some comparing the conditions there unfavorably to even the notorious political ward 209 of Evin prison.[3] Opposition groups have published unverified reports of human rights abuses and as many as 6,000 deaths inside the prison during the years 2007 and 2008.[4]

2009 election protests

Several thousand civilians and activists were arrested after the disputed presidential election in 2009. The head of the national security forces, Esmail Ahmadi-Moghaddam, stated in an interview with state television on August 5, 2009 that only the most dangerous offenders involved in the election protests were to be delivered to the Kahrizak center, which has a 50 prisoner capacity. The rest were to be taken to Evin prison.[5] Tehran riot police and Basij members used other official and unofficial sites to detain suspects charged with endangering national security and public safety during the protests, including the Level -4 detention center in the Interior Ministry building.[6] Ahmadi-Moghaddam further admitted in his television interview that many of the 140 prisoners he claimed to be housed at Kahrizak were low priority suspects. Mohsen Ruholamini, the son of a conservative politician who had supported pragmatic presidential candidate Mohsen Rezaei, was among the Kahrizak prisoners.[7]

On August 9, 2009, in a letter to the Chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council of Iran, Mehdi Karroubi demanded investigation of Iranian prisons for possible tortures and in particular sexual harassment of men and women.[8][9] On August 19, he wrote to parliament speaker Ali Larijani, asking to meet with him, President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, judiciary chief Ayatollah Sadeq Larijani, former president Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and the state prosecutor to "personally present my documents and evidence over the cases of sexual abuse in some prisons specially Kahrizak."[10]

Ali Larijani and Sadeq Larijani (Judiciary committee) both officially rejected his claims and Ali Khamenei's representatives, and Vice Chairman of National Security Commission of the parliament demanded Karroubi's arrest.[11]

Detainee abuse

The release of some prisoners from Kahrizak on July 28, 2009 was followed by a number of testimonials in the foreign and opposition press on conditions inside the prison. Various news articles have reported on cramped and squalid cells where prisoners were routinely verbally abused and beaten by guards, some to death. Ahmad-Reza Radan, according to one account, daily took part in these beatings.[12] Ahmadi-Moghaddam has since denied these reports about Radan as unfounded rumors.[13] Mohsen Ruholamini and Amir Javadifar were two of the prisoners reported to have died from torture at Kahrizak.[14] The medical report on Ruholamini's death originally stated that Ruholomini died of "physical stress, the effects of being held in bad conditions, multiple blows and severe injuries to the body." The physician who wrote this report, Ramin Pourandarjani, subsequently died in mysterious circumstances in police headquarters.[15][16] The autopsy report for Javadifar stated that his death was caused by blunt trauma injury from severe beating.[17]

National reactions

Following massive arrests of civilians and reformist activists by Iranian police, a number of Iranian intellectuals and reformist activists condemned the detentions, and called for the release of the imprisoned protesters.

In an exceptionally strong and critical speech,[18] the Iranian opposition leader, Mir-Hossein Mousavi spoke out on July 17, 2009 against the arrests and killings of protesters. Erstwhile prime minister Moussavi said, "How can it be that the leaders of our country do not cry out and shed tears about these tragedies? ... Can they not see it, feel it? These things are blackening our country, blackening all our hearts. If we remain silent, it will destroy us all and take us to hell."

Grand Ayatollah Hosein-Ali Montazeri on 29 July demanded prosecution of anybody responsible for abuses. "Can the government deceive people by closing a detention center and blaming all the faults on a building?" he said. "What benefit does the government gain from the crisis, except angering the majority of the people and weakening the Islamic republic?"[19] He added "Was the regime of the Shah able to resist the wave of dissatisfaction by using terror, oppression, censorship, torture, forced confessions and lying propaganda?"[20]

Grand Ayatollah Asadollah Bayat-Zanjani said: "We are witnessing sorrowful acts committed in the name of the regime and under the banner of God that bring pain to the heart of all supporters of the Islamic republic."[21]

Closure and investigations

Despite numerous reports of death and torture of arrested protesters in Iranian prisons, neither Iranian leader nor the Head of Judicial System took any measure to stop the crimes.[22]

The crimes were so grave that even several well known conservative politicians like Ali Motahhari expressed concerns about them.[23]

It was only after the death of the son of one of the conservative politicians, that the Iranian leader Ali Khamenei and head of Judicial System, Hashemi Shahroudi stepped in and ordered the closure of Kahrizak detention center.[24]

An official announcement was made on August 5, 2009 that three prison wardens were arrested in connection with the torture of detainees at Kahrizak.[7]

On December 19, 2009, Iranian authorities acknowledged that at least three protesters had been beaten to death in the Kahrizak jail. Twelve prison officials were charged with crimes, including murder.[25]

The Iranian parliament assigned a committee to investigate the incidents.[26] The committee released a report in January 2010 that implicated former Tehran prosecutor-general Saeed Mortazavi as being behind the abuses. Days before the report was issued, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad appointed Mortazavi as his special advisor on smuggling, which in effect was an attempt to shield Mortazavi from prosecution.[17] On August 19, 2015, Mortazavi was acquitted on charges connected to the torture and deaths of three young men at Kahrizak in 2009,[27] but the court's decision was appealed. On September 2016, Mortazavi issued a public apology for the prisoner killings.[28]

Re-opening of Kahrizak detention center

Ahmadi-Moghaddam on August 5, 2009 stated that the security forces were re-building the Kahrizak facility to meet national prison standards and would re-open its doors in one month.[13]

References and notes
  1. "گزارش تکان دهنده از برخوردهای صورت گرفته با متهمین با عنوان " اراذل و اوباش"" (in Persian). Committee of Human Rights Reporters. July 31, 2007. Archived from the original on June 12, 2010. Retrieved July 29, 2009.
  2. دستور تعطیلی گوانتاناموی ایران صادر شد (in Persian). Rooz Online. July 29, 2009. Archived from the original on August 1, 2009. Retrieved July 29, 2009.
  3. افشای نام بازداشتگاهی در عمق زمین ومخوف تر از 209 اوین (in Persian). Peik Net. July 30, 2007. Retrieved July 29, 2009.
  4. "Shocking crimes in mullahs' medieval prison of Kahrizak unveiled". National Council of Resistance. December 13, 2008. Archived from the original on August 1, 2009. Retrieved July 29, 2009.
  5. "Interview with Esmail Ahmadi-Moghaddam (audio only)" (in Persian). YouTube. Retrieved August 6, 2009.
  6. تایید وجود بازداشتگاه منفی 4 در وزارت کشور (in Persian). Rooz Online. July 30, 2007. Archived from the original on August 1, 2009. Retrieved July 29, 2009.
  7. "Iran to prosecute jail officials". Straits Times. August 4, 2009. Retrieved August 6, 2009.
  8. "حزب اعتماد ملی" (in Persian). Archived from the original on August 12, 2009. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  9. "The crackdown". The Economist. August 13, 2009. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved June 25, 2019.
  10. "Iran reformer says he wants to present rape evidence". Reuters. August 19, 2009. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
  11. dead link
  12. وقایع کهریزک، جنایت علیه بشریت (in Persian). Peyke Iran. July 28, 2009. Retrieved July 28, 2009.
  13. "Kahrizak Detention Facility Will Be Renovated". Rooz Online. August 6, 2009. Archived from the original on August 14, 2009. Retrieved August 6, 2009.
  14. Tait, Robert (July 26, 2009). "Son of leading scientist dies in jail as fears grow over fate of Iran's political prisoners". London: The Guardian. Retrieved July 28, 2009.
  15. "Iranian Doctor Confirms Prison Abuse Death". CBS News. September 1, 2009.
  16. Fletcher, Martin (November 18, 2009). "Suspicions over heart attack death of Iranian doctor who knew too much". The Times. London. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  17. Daragahi B, Mostaghim R (February 14, 2010). "Imprisoned Iranian protesters share a bond forged in hell". Los Angeles Times.
  18. Robert F. Worth and Sharon otterman (July 28, 2009). "Iran to Release Some Post-Election Detainees". New York Times. Retrieved July 28, 2009.
  19. Lee Keath, Associated Press Writer (July 30, 2009). "Iran to begin first trials of protesters". London: The Guardian. Retrieved July 30, 2009.
  20. "Iranian police use force against graveside rally". KMOV, St Louis. July 30, 2009. Retrieved July 30, 2009.
  21. "Details Emerge Of Iran's Abuse Of Protesters: Beatings, Forced To Lick Toilet Bowls". Huffington Post. July 29, 2009. Retrieved July 29, 2009.
  22. Anne Barker (July 28, 2009). "Iran accused of beating activists". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved July 28, 2009.
  23. "MP urges Judiciary chief to seriously address detentions issue". Tehran Times. July 28, 2009. Retrieved July 28, 2009.
  24. Parisa Hafezi and Zahra Hosseinian (July 28, 2009). "Iran's Khamenei orders closure of detention center". Reuters. Retrieved July 28, 2009.
  25. Worth, Robert F. (December 20, 2009). "Iran Charges 12 at Prison Over Death of Protesters". The New York Times. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  26. "Iran Releases 140 Prisoners, Closes Prison in Nod to Allegations of Abuse". Fox News. July 28, 2009.
  27. "Former Tehran Prosecutor Acquitted of Charges in Kahrizak Murders despite Overwhelming Evidence". Center for Human Rights in Iran. August 24, 2015. Retrieved June 25, 2019.
  28. "Notorious former Tehran prosecutor issues public apology for prisoner killings | Zamaneh Media". en.radiozamaneh.com. Retrieved June 25, 2019.

See also

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