Karwinskia humboldtiana

Karwinskia humboldtiana, commonly known as coyotillo, cacachila or Humboldt coyotillo, is a species of flowering shrub or small tree in the family Rhamnaceae. It is native to southern and western Texas in the United States[2] as well as much of Mexico.[1] The seeds and leaves of this plant contain the quinones eleutherin and 7-methoxyeleutherin[3] and chrysophanol and β-amyrin in the fruits[4] that are toxic to humans and livestock.[5] The toxins typically induce paralysis, which is often followed by death. However, it often takes days or even weeks after consumption for the symptoms to manifest.[6]

Karwinskia humboldtiana
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rhamnaceae
Genus: Karwinskia
Species:
K. humboldtiana
Binomial name
Karwinskia humboldtiana
Synonyms

Rhamnus humboldtiana Schult.[1]

References
  1. "Karwinskia humboldtiana". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2009-12-02.
  2. "Coyotillo, Humboldt Coyotillo, Tullidora, Capulincillo, Capulincillo Cimmaron, Capulin, Palo Negrito, Margarita, Cacachila, China, Frutillo Negrito, Cochila, Margarita del Cero (Karwinskia humboldtiana)". Texas Native Shrubs. Texas A&M University. Retrieved 2009-09-23.
  3. Antimicrobial agents from higher plants: two dimethylbenzisochromans from Karwinskia humboldtiana. Lester A. Mitscher, Sitaraghav R. Gollapudi, David S. Oburn and Steven Drake, Phytochemistry, Volume 24, Issue 8, 1985, Pages 1681-1683, doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82534-0
  4. Chrysophanol and β-amyrin in the fruits of Karwinskia humboldtiana. Xorge Alejandro Domínguez and Leticia Garza, Phytochemistry, Volume 11, Issue 3, March 1972, Page 1186, doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88492-7
  5. "Coyotillo". Texas AgriLife Research and Extension at Uvalde. Texas A&M University System. 2000. Archived from the original on 2010-11-26. Retrieved 2009-09-23.
  6. Stewart, Amy (2009). Wicked Plants. 225 Varick St. New York, New York: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill. p. 25. ISBN 9781565126831.CS1 maint: location (link)


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