Kepler-5

Kepler-5 is a star located in the constellation Cygnus in the field of view of the Kepler Mission, a NASA project aimed at detecting planets in transit of, or passing in front of, their host stars as seen from Earth. One closely orbiting, Jupiter-like planet, named Kepler-5b, has been detected around Kepler-5. Kepler-5's planet was one of the first five planets to be discovered by the Kepler spacecraft; its discovery was announced on January 4, 2010 at the 215th meeting of the American Astronomical Society after being verified by a variety of observatories. Kepler-5 is larger and more massive than the Sun, but has a similar metallicity, a major factor in planet formation.

Kepler-5
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension 19h 57m 37.6885s[1]
Declination +44° 2′ 06.190″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 13.9
Characteristics
Spectral type F4IV
Apparent magnitude (J) 12.115±0.029[2]
Apparent magnitude (H) 11.863±0.032[2]
Apparent magnitude (K) 11.769±0.025[2]
Astrometry
Proper motion (μ) RA: −0.202±0.036[1] mas/yr
Dec.: −3.238±0.031[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)1.0829 ± 0.0202[1] mas
Distance2934.7+54.7
−52.8[3] ly
(900+17
−16[3] pc)
Details
Mass1.347 M☉
Radius1.793 R☉
Luminosity0.669 L☉
Temperature6297 K
Other designations
KOI-18, KIC 8191672, 2MASS J19573768+4402061[4]
Database references
SIMBADdata
KICdata

Nomenclature and history

Three discoveries made prior to the Kepler mission, which were in Kepler's field of view, were given the Kepler designations 1, 2 and 3. Kepler-5 is actually the second planet-bearing star discovered during the course of the Kepler Mission, a NASA operation that seeks to discover Earth-like planets that transit, or cross in front of, their host stars with respect to Earth.[5] The star's planet, Kepler-5b, was therefore the second of the first five planets to be announced to the public on January 4, 2010 at the 215th meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Washington, D.C., along with planets around Kepler-4, Kepler-6, Kepler-7, and Kepler-8.[6]

Kepler-5b's initial discovery by Kepler was re-examined by scientists at the W.M. Keck Observatory at Mauna Kea, Hawaii; the McDonald Observatory in west Texas; the Palomar and Lick Observatories in California; the MMT, WIYN, and Whipple Observatories in Arizona; and the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory in the Canary Islands.[7][8]

Characteristics

Kepler-5 is a sunlike star that is 1.374 (± 0.056) Msun and 1.793 (± 0.053) Rsun, and is 137% the mass of and 179% the radius of the Sun. The star has a metallicity of [Fe/H] 0.04 (± 0.06), making it approximately as metal-rich as the Sun,[9] therefore increasing the star's likelihood to have planets in orbit.[10] Kepler-5 has an effective temperature of 6297 (± 60) K, which is hotter than the Sun's effective temperature of 5778 K.[11] Kepler-5 has an apparent magnitude of 13.4, and cannot be seen with the naked eye.[12]

Companion stars

A recent catalog of companions to Kepler stars determined from high-resolution imaging shows two companions to Kepler-5 at distances of 0.9 and 3.5 arc seconds.[13] Whether these stars are physically bound to Kepler-5 or merely chance alignments of unrelated stars is unknown however recent studies have shown that 60 to 80% of companions within 1 arc second of Kepler stars are true binaries.[14]

Planetary system
A picture showing the relative sizes of the first five planets discovered by Kepler. Kepler-5b is the second largest, highlighted in blue.

Kepler-5b is 2.111 MJ and 1.426 RJ. It is, thus, more than twice the mass of Jupiter, and slightly less than three halves of Jupiter's radius. Kepler-5b orbits its star every 3.5485 days, lying at approximately 0.0538 AU from Kepler-5. It is, thus, a Hot Jupiter, or a gas giant that orbits near to its host star.[15] To compare, Mercury orbits the sun at .3871 AU every 87.97 days.[16] The planet's eccentricity is assumed to be 0, which is the eccentricity for a circular orbit.[12]

The Kepler-5 planetary system[15][17]
Companion
(in order from star)		 Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)		 Orbital period
(days)		 Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b 2.111+0.067
−0.086 MJ		 0.0538+0.0015
−0.0021		 3.548465446 ± 1.83×10−07 0 89.14+0.44
−0.32°		 1.426+0.036
−0.051 RJ

See also

References
  1. Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. Skrutskie, M. F.; et al. (2006). "The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)". The Astronomical Journal. 131 (2): 1163–1183. Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1163S. doi:10.1086/498708.Vizier catalog entry
  3. Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; et al. (2018). "Estimating Distance from Parallaxes. IV. Distances to 1.33 Billion Stars in Gaia Data Release 2". The Astronomical Journal. 156 (2). 58. arXiv:1804.10121. Bibcode:2018AJ....156...58B. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aacb21. For the vast majority of stars in the second Gaia data release, reliable distances cannot be obtained by inverting the parallax. Note: see VizieR catalogue
  4. "Kepler-5". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2019-11-29.
  5. "Mission overview". Kepler and K2. NASA. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  6. Rich Talcott (5 January 2010). "215th AAS meeting update: Kepler discoveries the talk of the town". Astronomy.com. Astronomy magazine. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
  7. "NASA's Kepler Space Telescope Discovers its FIrst Five Exoplanets". NASA. 4 January 2010. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
  8. Koch, David G.; et al. (2010). "Discovery of the Transiting Planet Kepler-5b". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 713 (2): L131–L135. arXiv:1001.0913. Bibcode:2010ApJ...713L.131K. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/713/2/L131.
  9. "Notes for star Kepler-5". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. 2010. Archived from the original on 21 January 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
  10. Henry Bortman (12 October 2004). "Extrasolar Planets: A Matter of Metallicity". Space Daily. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
  11. David Williams (1 September 2004). "Sun Fact Sheet". Goddard Space Flight Center. NASA. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
  12. "Summary Table of Kepler Discoveries". NASA. 2010-08-27. Retrieved 2010-10-16.
  13. Furlan, E.; et al. (2017). "The Kepler follow-Up Observation Program. I. A Catalog of Companions To Kepler stars from High-Resolution Imaging". The Astronomical Journal. 153 (2). 71. arXiv:1612.02392. Bibcode:2017AJ....153...71F. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/153/2/71.
  14. Hirsch, Lea A.; et al. (2017). "Assessing the Effect of Stellar Companions from High-resolution Imaging of Kepler Objects of Interest". The Astronomical Journal. 153 (3). 117. arXiv:1701.06577. Bibcode:2017AJ....153..117H. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/153/3/117.
  15. Esteves, Lisa J.; Mooij, Ernst J. W. De; Jayawardhana, Ray (2015). "Changing Phases of Alien Worlds: Probing Atmospheres Of Kepler planets with High-Precision Photometry". The Astrophysical Journal. 804 (2). 150. arXiv:1407.2245. Bibcode:2015ApJ...804..150E. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/2/150.
  16. David Williams (17 November 2010). "Mercury Fact Sheet". Goddard Space Flight Center. NASA. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
  17. "Kepler candidate overview page". NASA Exoplanet Archive. NASA. Retrieved 2017-12-10.

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