Khatumo State

Khatumo State (Somali: Khaatumo; Arabic: ولاية خاتمة‎), officially the Khatumo State of Somalia (Somali: Dowlad Goboleedka Khaatumo ee Soomaaliya), was a proto-state in eastern Somaliland.[2] Centred on the Sool, Sanaag and Cayn or SSC provinces, its leaders declared the territory an autonomous state in 2012.[3]

Khatumo State of Somalia

  • Dowlad Goboleedka Khaatumo ee Soomaaliya  (Somali)
  • ولاية خاتمة  (Arabic)
  • Wilāyat Arḍ al-Khatoum aṣ-Ṣūmāliyyah
2012–2017
Flag
CapitalLas Anod (de jure), Buuhoodle (de facto)
9°8′N 48°25′E
Largest cityLas Anod (de jure)
Demonym(s)Khatumite[1]
GovernmentAutonomous presidential democracy
• President
Ali Khalif Galaydh
• Vice President
Abdul Agalule
Autonomy 
within Somalia
History 
• Established
2012
• Dissolved
2017
CurrencySomali shilling (SOS)
Time zoneUTC+3 (EAT)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+3 (not observed)
Calling code+252 (Somalia)
ISO 3166 codeSO
Internet TLD.so
Today part of Somaliland

On 20 October 2017 in Aynabo, an agreement was signed with the Somaliland government which stipulated the amendment of Somaliland's constitution and to integrate the organisation into the Somaliland government.[4][5] This signalled the end of the organisation even though it was an unpopular event amongst the Dhulbahante community.[6]

History
Main article: Dervish State

Khatumo is derived from an Arabic term meaning a "positive conclusion." The administration's stated aim is to bring development and stability to the region through the establishment of a locally based government.[3]

A Khatumo State proclamation ceremony in Dubai (2013).

Control of the territory is disputed between Khatumo State (formerly HBM-SSC or Hoggaanka Badbaadada iyo Mideynta SSC), the autonomous region of Somali Puntland, and the republic of Somaliland.[7] The most popular slogan among official Khatumites is midnimada which roughly translates as unity. Many inhabitants previously self-referred as being denizens of SSC, although now it's mostly KS (Khatumo State).[8]

President Silanyo and Ali Khalif signing the Somaliland-Khatumo Agreement in Aynabo in October 2017

In 2012, the Khatumo State administration was finalized after a series of domestic and overseas conferences beginning in 2007 between prominent political figures, traditional leaders and local residents. The territory's capital was initially at Taleh.[3] Since August 2014, Las Anod serves as Khatumo State's declared administrative center.[9]

In August 2016 Khatumo state commenced peace talks with Somaliland.[10][11] The talks, however, caused a major disagreement between the president and vice-president of the administration, Ali Khalif Galaydh and Abdulle Agalule respectively, which eventually produced two separate administrations that both claimed to be the legitimate government.[12] The group led by Ali Khalif reached an agreement with Somaliland, at the town of Aynabo in October 2017, which stipulated that under the condition of changing the constitution of Somaliland, the organisation would become integrated within the Somaliland government.[4]

Government
Dr. Ali Khalif Galaydh

The Khatumo State governmental authority is structured somewhat differently from Somalia's other autonomous regional administrations. At its establishment, it had three presidents, four councils and various ministerial positions.[3] In August 2014, Member of the Federal Parliament of Somalia and former Prime Minister of Somalia Ali Khalif Galaydh was elected President of Khatumo State. He defeated former co-president Mohamed Yusuf Jama (Indhosheel) by 21 votes to 9. Assembly members, who had been appointed by traditional leaders, also selected Abdul Sulub as Vice President.[13]

Presidents

The last President was Ali Khalif Galaydh, who died on 8 October.

Former

Vice President
  • Abdul Agalule

Ministers
  • Ahmed Gacmayare, Minister for Information and Culture
  • Mahamoud Ismail Shabac, Minister for International Relations and federal
  • Mohamed Ducaale Abdi, Minister for Security
  • Ibrahim Jama Garab-Yare, Minister for Finance
  • Abdikariim Farah Dhaaye, Minister for Development and Natural Resources
  • Mohamoud Diiriye Abdi-Joof, Minister for Social Services
  • Yaasin Ahmed Sulub, Minister for Interior Affairs
Deputies
  • Hasan Ali Jama, First Deputy Minister for International Relations
  • Jama Hassan Khaliif, Deputy Minister for Security
  • Ibraahim Mohamoud Guure, Deputy Minister for Development and Natural Resources
  • Abdi Farah Mahad, Second Deputy Minister for Development and Natural Resources
  • Hassan Muse Awl, First Deputy Minister for Interior Affairs
  • Abshir Abdi Shiekh, Second Deputy Minister for Interior Affairs
  • Abdifatah Osman Dhala, First Deputy Minister for Social Affairs
  • Asia Hassan Jama, First Deputy Minister for Social Affairs
  • Ali Osman Gedle, First Deputy Minister for Finance

Other
  • Mukhatar Ibraahim Habashi, Chief of Cabinet
  • Omar Jama Saleebaan, Spokesman for Khatumo State
  • Eng. Mohamud Omar Isse (Xiirey)- Chair of Khaatumo, North America. Khaatumo State, Somalia



Military

Khatumo maintains its own security forces. Exclusively financed by the state administration, they are tasked with assuring local security and defending the region's borders. According to Khatumo President Abdinuur Elmi Qaaji, the forces are well trained and armed.[3] Khatumo troops have been deployed in defence operations against invading Somaliland troops in Buhoodle and other disputed towns within SSC territory.[3][14] As of 2012, Khatumo forces are led by Abdirisak Fanah, with Omar Jama Saleiman serving as official spokesman.[15][16]

Economy

Animal husbandry is the backbone of the economy of Khatumo State. Camel, cattle, goats, Oil Holhol wells and sheep are exported from the region and other parts of northern Somalia to neighboring Gulf Arab countries, such as Saudi Arabia.[17] In rural areas, some farming is also practiced.[18]

Khatumo State's social and economic infrastructure is in the gradual process of rehabilitation after a prolonged period of conflict.[3] Remittances sent by Somali expatriates to relatives in the region contribute significantly to the local economy. Through the construction of a new air transportation facility, Khatumo officials have sought to encourage the repatriation of SSC residents. The returnees would in turn be accommodated in newly built hotels, restaurants and other businesses, which would serve to create additional employment opportunities.[18]

Notable people

See also

References
  1. "Somalia". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 14 May 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
  2. Stremlau, Nicole (2018). "Governance Without Government in the Somali Territories". Journal of International Affairs. 71 (2): 73–89. ISSN 0022-197X. JSTOR 26552330.
  3. "What is Khatumo State?". Somalia Report. 26 April 2012. Archived from the original on 12 March 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
  4. Mahmood, Omar S. (1 November 2019). "Overlapping Claims by Somaliland and Puntland: The Case of Sool and Sanaag". Africa Portal. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  5. "Khaatumo and Somaliland reach final agreement". somalilanddaily.com. 21 October 2017. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  6. Doon, Run. "Current Affairs in the Horn of Africa" (PDF). Anglo-Somali Society Journal. Autumn 2017 (Somaliland, Khaatumo agreement reached).
  7. Somaliland’s Quest for International Recognition and the HBM-SSC Factor Archived 28 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  8. Pegg, Scott, and Pål Kolstø. "Somaliland: Dynamics of internal legitimacy and (lack of) external sovereignty." Geoforum 66 (2015): 193-202.
  9. "SOMALIA: New Khatumo President vows to liberate Las'anod town from Somaliland forces". Raxanreeb. 17 August 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  10. "Wadahadallo u socda Somaliland iyo Khaatumo". BBC Somali. 16 August 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
  11. "Somalia: Khatumo begins peace talks with Somaliland". Garowe Online. 8 August 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
  12. "Khilaaf ballaaran oo soo kala dhexgalay madaxda Khaatumo". BBC Somali. 4 August 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
  13. "Somalia: Puntland leader arrives back in Garowe after provincial tour". Garowe Online. 14 August 2014. Archived from the original on 14 August 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  14. "Somalia: Silanyo calls for peace after Somaliland forces clash with armed group". Garowe Online. 2 April 2012. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
  15. Omar, Shiine (2 August 2012). "Deadly Fighting in Buhoodle". Somalia Report. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
  16. Said Ismail, Aweys Cadde (26 January 2012). "Somaliland Attacks Khatumo Militia". Somalia Report. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
  17. "Livestock: The Mainstay". FAO. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
  18. Hashi, Ahmed. "Khatumo State Gains Access to International Air Travel". Awdalstate. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2013.

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