Kinh Dương Vương

Kinh Dương Vương (2919 BC – 2792 BC; Hán tự: 涇陽王; "King of Kinh Dương") is legendary ancient Vietnamese figure who was the first Hùng King, mentioned in the 15th-century work Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư by having unified all the tribes within his territory into one state, and as the founder of the Hồng Bàng dynasty. He is considered the first king of the Vietnamese people, and was the father of Lạc Long Quân.[1] He is reported to have lived 260 years.

Kinh Dương Vương 涇陽王
Hùng Vương I
Leader of Xích Quỷ
Reign	2879 – 2792 BC
Predecessor	Đế Minh
Successor	Dynasty ended
Hùng Vương of Văn Lang
Reign	2879 BC– 2794 BC
Predecessor	Xích Quỷ Confederacy renamed to Văn Lang
Successor	Lạc Long Quân
Born	August 15, 2919 BC Hunan, China
Died	January 18, 2792 BC (aged 127) Thuận Thành, Bắc Ninh Province
Spouse	Thần Long
Issue	Sùng Lãm
Full name Lộc Tục (祿續)
House	Hồng Bàng
Father	Đế Minh
Mother	Vụ Tiên Nu

Kinh Dương Vương's personal name was Lộc Tục (Hán tự: 祿續). According to the 15th-century Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, he ruled over Xích Quỷ (赤鬼, later renamed Văn Lang) starting in 2879 BC. Kinh Dương Vương's father was Đế Minh (帝明, "Emperor Ming" of Chinese and Vietnamese mythology), the descendant of Shennong.[2] His mother was Vụ Tiên Nữ (婺僊女, Goddess Vu). Kinh Dương Vương married Shenlong, who was the daughter of Động Đình Quân (Lord of Dongting) and mother of Kinh Dương Vương's successor Lạc Long Quân.[1]

Today Kinh Dương Vương features with other legendary figures such as Thánh Gióng, Âu Cơ, Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh, in elementary school texts.[3] A popular shrine, and presumed tomb of Kinh Dương Vương, is located in the village of An Lữ, Thuận Thành District, Bắc Ninh Province .

Legends

According to Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, a book written in a Confucian perspective, Kinh Duong Vuong originates from China: Emperor Ming was told to be the great-great-grandson of the mythological Chinese ruler Shennong, patrolled south to the Nanling mountains (Hunan, China), settled down and married Vụ Tiên Nữ (鶩僊女),[4] then gave birth to a son of a natural intelligence named Lộc Tục (祿續).

After Emperor Ming passed the throne to his eldest son, Emperor Li(釐) to be king of the North, and Loc Tuc was appointed to be king of the South in the name of Kinh Duong Vuong (涇陽王). According to Dai Viet Su Ky Toan Thu, Kinh Duong Vuong was king and ruled from about 2879 BC onwards.[5] The territory of the country under Kinh Duong Vuong was large, north to Yangtze river (including Dong Dinh lake area), south to Ho Ton country (Chiem Thanh), east to Dong Hai (東海, part of the Pacific Ocean) and to the west is Ba Thuc (巴蜀, Sichuan, China today). Lĩnh Nam chích quái recorded the legend that the king expelled the god of Xuong Cuong vigorously, killing the people. He married the daughter of the King of Dong Dinh (洞庭) Lake, named Than Long (神龍), ^Sgave birth to a son named Sung Lam(崇纜), and succeeded the throne as King Lac Long Quan .

Comments

In the book Khâm Định Việt, it writes:

Well, looking up the old history of the title Kinh Duong Vuong Lac Long Quan in 'hong bang thi ky(鴻龐氏記)' from ancient times in the wild, the author based on nothing and does not fear that he is not reliable enough, and he is in side with the 'Lieu Nghi Story' of The novelist of the Tang dynasty which he took as evidence.

— the national history publishing of the nguyen dynasty [6]

While collecting historical records by early historians, King Tu Duc of the nguyen dynasty identified these stories as "stories about ghost buffalo, snake god, myth without standard" and determined to exclude Kinh Duong and Lac Long from their own history as this did not correspond with the confucian ideals of the country.

Associate professor Liam christopher kelley of south east asian studies commented,

Over the centuries, the traditions they [historians] create have become second nature. In fact, in the past half century, under the influence of nationalism , these invented Traditions have become and are becoming irreversible truths.[7]

Worship

Worshiping Kinh Duong Vuong in Vietnam is not as popular as worshiping Shen nong , the god who is Hung Vuong 's ancestor and a very worshiped god in Vietnam's agricultural beliefs ; Đàn Xã Tắc(壇社稷) was established annually by feudal dynasties to worship .

Thuong Lang communal house in Minh Hoa commune, Hung Ha district, Thai Binh province is the oldest relic worshiping Kinh Duong Vuong; Legend has it since the Dinh dynasty .

The Kinh Duong Vuong Mausoleum and Temple(locally called Lăng và Đền thờ) in Bac Ninh have long been classified by the Vietnamese feudal dynasties as shrines to worship the emperors, each time the National Ceremony will bring to the army to worship and worship people solemnly. In 2013 , Bac Ninh province announced a plan to preserve, embellish and promote the population of national historical and cultural relics of Lang and Kinh Duong Vuong Temple with a total investment of more than 491 billion VND.[8] The project is divided into 4 main construction categories, including: relic conservation space, focusing on repairing and embellishing the relics of the Mausoleum and Kinh Duong Vuong Temple, temple grounds, tomb gardens; relic value space includes: ancestral monument, cultural festival square, cultural display ... accompanied by ancillary services to develop spiritual cultural tourism, attracting tourists and technical infrastructure, leveling, roads, electricity lines.[9] At present, the Kinh Duong Vuong tomb and temple relic is worshiped in A Lu village, Dai Dong Thanh commune, Thuan Thanh district , Bac Ninh province .

Other theories

Many Han Nom and historical researchers recently suspected Kinh Duong Vuong being a legendary figure originating in the novel of Lieu Nghi . Tran Trong Duong, a historical researcher in an article in 2013 pointed out that:[10]

.the Kinh Duong Vuong story has a copy from the novel Lieu Nghi story (柳毅 傳) by Ly Trieu Uy composed in the Tang dynasty. The story can be summarized as follows: Lieu Nghi is a failed contestant, on the way he meets a beautiful young goat herd with a crippled appearance. The woman said that she was the daughter of the Dragon King in Dong Dinh Lake, who married the second son of Kinh Xuyen, but was mistreated and went to hunt goats. your scene. Liu Yi brought the letter to the Dragon Palace. Long Vuong's younger brother, Qiantang, was so angry that he killed Kinh Xuyen's son, saved him, and intended to marry Lieu Nghi. Nghi refused, please return, the Dragon King bestowed a lot of gold and silver jewels. After Lieu Nghi got married, every time he got married he would die. The daughter of the Dragon King, seeing that, recalled the old fate, She wanted to repay her, she became a beautiful girl and married Lieu Nghi as her husband. After the couple were successful.

This view is said to be consistent with many historians of the Nguyen dynasty (for example, Ngo Thi Si in Dai Viet's history of Tien Bien,[11] or in Khâm Định Việt's history of epilogue [12] ). Han Nom and historical researchers support it.

Notes

S.^ But according to Ngo Si Lien written in the Lac Long Quan section on page 2, The descendants of Than Nong Thi Emperor Minh took lady vu and gave birth to Kinh Duong Vuong , that is the ancestor of Bach Viet. Vuong married a daughter Than Long born Lac Long Quan , meaning that Dong Dinh Quan named Than Long, not his daughter's name Than Long.

References

1. Ngô Sĩ Liên. "Ky Hong Bang thi". Đại Việt Sử ký Toàn thư. p. 2. Archived from the original on 2012-09-28. Retrieved 2012-11-02.
2. Vu, Hong Lien (2016). Rice and Baguette: A History of Food in Vietnam. ISBN 9781780237046.
3. Marie-Carine Lall, Edward Vickers Education As a Political Tool in Asia 2009 -Page 143 "Children learn about the legends of the nation's birth, which feature heroic figures such as Kinh Dương Vương, Âu Cơ ... Sơn Tinh – Thủy Tinh, Thánh Gióng.22 The distinction between what is legend and what is scientific history is unclear."
4. Ứng với một chòm sao trong khoa thiên văn, theo khảo cứu của nhà ngôn ngữ học Trần Như Vĩnh Lạc.
5. Kỷ Hồng Bàng thị. informatik leipzig.de. Bản sao lưu. nguoikesu, 2017. Truy cập 1/04/2019.
6. Khâm định Việt sử thông giám cương mục, page 9b-10a, 1856 - 1883.
7. The Biography of the Hồng Bàng Clan as a Medieval Vietnamese Invented Tradition. Journal of Vietnamese Studies Vol. 7, No. 2 (Summer 2012), p. 122.
8. Khởi công tu bổ, tôn tạo di tích Lăng và Đền thờ Kinh Dương Vương Từ Lương, 11:13, 25/02/2013.
9. Gần 500 tỷ bảo tồn, tôn tạo lăng và đền thờ Kinh Dương Vương Đoàn Thế Cường, báo Dân Trí 09/10/2012 - 07:02.
10. Trần Trọng Dương, Kinh Dương Vương - Ông là ai?. Tia sáng, 06/09/2013, http://tiasang.com.vn/-van-hoa/kinh-duong-vuong-ong-la-ai-6723
11. Ngo Thi Si in Dai Viet's history of Tien Bien wrote: "Now considering the Extraordinary Chronology, which year is the year when Giap Tu started? What year is the name of the warlord? In the period of the Five Kings and before, it was never called King. In the story, the daughter of King Dong Dinh married to Kinh Xuyen Vuong's second child, thinking Kinh Xuyen is Kinh Duong. There are many generations of kings and historians who chose to use them, and consider that to be the truth. The stories are taken from Lingnan, Viet Dien and Linh, as well as Northern history taken in Kinh Nam Hoa and Hong Liet . "
12. The book of Khâm Định Việt, from the ancient time of the ancient period, was written: “Yes, I look up the old history, the titles Kinh Dương Vương, Lạc Long Quân in 'The period of the Hong Bang family, which dates from the ancient times of ancient times, belongs to the childhood of pretending based on nothing and making yes, afraid that it is not reliable enough, to accompany the Tang Dynasty novelist Lieu Nghi, taking it as evidence ”16. Appropriately speaking the words of the historians, King Tu Duc identified these as "stories about ghost buffalo, snake god, myths without standards" and resolutely excluded Kinh Duong and Lac Long from their own history. how to bring down the annotation under the reign of Hung Vuong, in order to "fit with the sense of traditional suspicion"