Kowloon Walled City Park

The Kowloon Walled City Park is a historical park in Kowloon City, Kowloon, Hong Kong. The Kowloon Walled City had been a military stronghold since 15th century due to its coastal location and was a centre of vice and crime until 1987. Under the agreement between the Hong Kong Government and the PRC, the Kowloon Walled City was demolished in the 1990s while the indigenous buildings and features were preserved for incorporation in the new park.

Kowloon Walled City Park
九龍寨城公園
Kowloon Walled City Park
LocationKowloon City, Kowloon
Coordinates22.332°N 114.190°E / 22.332; 114.190
Area7.66 acres (3.10 hectares)
Opened22 December 1995 (1995-12-22)
Operated byLeisure and Cultural Services Department
OpenYear round
Kowloon Walled City Park
Traditional Chinese九龍寨城公園
Main entrance
Historic yamen building
Archaeological remains of the South Gate
Lung Nam Pavilion

The Kowloon Walled City Park is designed as a Jiangnan (江南) garden of the early Qing dynasty. The park, 31,000 square metres (7.66 acres) in total, is divided into eight theme zones with their own characteristic scenery,[1] matching with the style of the whole park. The design was awarded a Diploma at the IGO Stuttgart EXPO 93 (International Garden Exposition).[2]

History

In the middle of 19th century, the Qing Government started to build an enclave beside Kowloon Bay, surrounded by stone walls. The Walled City was initially used for military purposes, housing many soldiers and their families. During World War II the stone walls were demolished by the Japanese army. Part of them were buried and well preserved under the soil.[1] By the 1970s, the population of the city had risen to 41,000.[3] The number of buildings was 503 in 1994. By that time, the British colonial government found it increasingly difficult to manage and control the serious crime in the area related to drugs, illegal gambling, prostitution and quackery. As well, domestic factories, including textile, candy-making and production of Jook-sing noodles (竹昇麵), were situated in the area. After the Sino-British Joint Declaration in 1984, Britain and China embarked on a discussion about solving the problems in the Walled City, and subsequently announced the demolition of the City on 14 January 1987. Between 1987 and 1989, residents were resettled, and demolition began in 1993.[4]

By 1995, the site had been transformed into a park for nearby residents.[5] Due to its proximity to the Kai Tak Airport, and so that the park could have a more open view, regulation of the height of buildings was strictly enforced.

The park consists mainly of eight landscape features: the Yamen (衙府), Old South Gate (南門), Eight Floral Walks (八徑異趣), Garden of Four Seasons (四季同馨 – 廣蔭庭), Garden of Chinese Zodiac (生肖倩影 – 童樂苑), Chess Garden (棋壇比弈遊弈園), Mountain View Pavilion (邀山樓) as well as the Fei Sing Pavilion (魁星半亭) and Guibi Rock (歸璧石).[6]

The Yamen (衙府) is located in the centre of the Park and it is the only remaining old Qing building. It was built in 1847 and its interior was dominated by the offices of the Commodore of the Dapeng Brigade (大鵬協府) and the Kowloon Assistant Military Inspectorate (九龍巡檢司衙署). It was designed with three rows and four wings of houses. Its walls and column bases are built from bricks and granite, while the roof is a traditional structure covered with cylindrical and flat tiles. After 1899, the Yamen was used for charitable purposes like home for the elderly named Almshouse. It is now officially classified as a declared monument in Hong Kong. 6 exhibition rooms are housed inside.[7]

The original site of South Gate (南門) has been designated as a declared monument and all related relics unearthed have been preserved. Flagstone pavement, cornerstones of the buildings, and a drain were discovered. Also, two granite plaques with Chinese characters for "South Gate" and "Kowloon Walled City" were unearthed at the site of the original South Gate when the Walled City was torn down in 1994.[8]

The Garden features 12 Chinese zodiac sculptures. They are arranged according to the Heavenly Stems (Tiangan 天干) and Earthly Branches (Dizhi 地支) in Chinese astrology.

The Guibi Rock was carved from Taihu Rock (太湖石). It is named Guibi because its veins are similar to those of ancient jade. Fui Sing Pavilion symbolises a constellation of literature and wisdom. Guibi Rock also symbolises the hope of returning Hong Kong to China.

The Mountain View Pavilion provides a fine distant view of the Lion Rock, which resembles a lion sitting with its head facing the Pavilion.

There are four large chessboards built on the ground with pebbles for visitors to enjoy a game of chess.

The Eight Floral Walks is a web of paths which connects the distinct landscape features of the Park. Various types of flowers that bloom in different seasons are planted on both sides of the path to accentuate the scenery of the park in all seasons.

Located to the west of Yamen, the Kwong Yam Square is a garden where flowers of the four seasons could be seen.[9]

This exhibition was officially opened for public use on 19 April 2009. It consists of one outdoor display area and six exhibition rooms inside the former Yamen.[10]

The outdoor display area is located near the South Gate which shows a tablet and a model of the Kowloon Walled City.[10] The front of the tablet has an introductory article inscribed whereas the back presents the cross-section of the pre-demolished Kowloon Walled City and the depiction of the daily lives of its residents. Behind the tablet stood a bronze miniature model of the Walled City which allowed the visitors touch and have a closer look at the City.

Six exhibition rooms are located inside the Yamen which illustrate the living environment inside the Walled City through interactive imagery and sound.

References
  1. "Home". Kowloon Leisure and Cultural Services Department. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
  2. "Design of the Park". Kowloon Leisure and Cultural Services Department. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
  3. 魯金 <<九龍寨城史話>> p.24 三聯書店(香港)有限公司 Lu, J. (1988). Jiulongcheng zhai shi hua (Xianggang di 1 ban. ed.). Hong Kong: Joint Publishing (Hong Kong) Limited. ISBN 962-04-0682-6
  4. Ng, Kang-Chung (24 March 1993). "First blow landed as the walls come tumbling down". South China Morning Post. p. 1.
  5. Hong Kong Yearbook 1996, (1996), Government Printing Bureau of Hong Kong, Entertainment, Sports and Arts, p. 331
  6. Brochure from Leisure and Cultural Services Department, (2015), Kowloon Walled City Park Exhibition Guide, Hong Kong, Leisure and Cultural Services Department
  7. "The Kowloon Walled City Park". Kowloon Leisure and Cultural Services Department. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
  8. "The Old South Gate". Kowloon Leisure and Cultural Services Department. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
  9. The Garden of Four Seasons. Kowloon Leisure and Cultural Services Department. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
  10. "A City of Thousand Faces". Kowloon Leisure and Cultural Services Department. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
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