Kukherd

Kukherd (Persian: كوخرد‎, also Romanized as Kūkherd, Kookherd, and Kuhkhird; also known as Chāleh Kūkherd)[1] is a city and capital of Kukherd District, in Bastak County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 3,144, in 637 families.[2]

For the administrative subdivisions, see Kukherd District and Kukherd Rural District.
Kukherd

كوخرد
city
Kukherd
Coordinates: 27°05′14″N 54°29′30″E
Country Iran
ProvinceHormozgan
CountyBastak
BakhshKukherd
Population
 (2006)
 • Total3,144
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+4:30 (IRDT)

Kukherd was traditionally part of the region of Larestan. Kukherd's inhabitants are Larestani people.[3] It was a major trading center on the old caravan trading routes between the Persian Gulf and other cities in Iran. It had guest houses, or kārvānsarā, where travelers could rest and recover from the day's journey.

Location and geography

Kukherd is a district (Bakhsh بخش) located on the south western side of Iran in the Hormozgān Province, 155 kilometers south of the city of Lar and 45 kilometers from the city of Bastak. The Mehran river flows through its northern parts. A chain of mountains extends about 55 kilometers from east to west in northern parts of Kukherd forming a natural barrier that separates Koohkerd from other villages. One of the tallest mountains in Kukherd is Nakh (ناخ) rising about 800–900 meters above sea level. This mountain chain also includes the highest peak, the Paletir (پلتير) mountain (1022 meters), and دسكDask (1380 meters)[4] .

Demography and ethnicity

The religion of Kukherd population is the Sunni branch of Islam, most Kukherdis are following the Hanafi way of فقه Fiqh Sunni. (Persia had a mix of sects and religions but predominantly sunni until the rule of the Safavid dynasty after Shah Ismael who adopted the Shiate as the official religion of their empire.

Language

The local Kukherd's dialect is known as Larestani لارستاني which spreads in Fars province between the two regions of Larestan and Hormozgan. Laristani is independent of Persian. Nonetheless, Laristanin and these other related languages are closest to Persian by being members of the Southwest Iranian languages. There's a folk belief that this language is one of oldest dialects that have survived from Middle Persian known as Pahlavi Persian. A good number of Kukherd population can speak some Arabic. Others can speak English and Urdu. Many of Kukherdis have migrated to other countries, mainly the UAE, Bahrain and others to pursue better work opportunities.

Agriculture

Kukherd covers wide agricultural lands mainly for wheat, barley and many kinds of vegetables and about 1000 palm tree. Being situated in a dry area, Kukherd suffers shortages of rains and so it was one of the targets in Kukherd authorities to maintain water resources through constructing high water dam projects in order to preserve underground water. Currently there are five dam projects in Kukherd.

  • 1. Shamo Dam شمو was established in 1986 at the southern Nakh Mountains in northern area of Kukherd and located in the valley of Shamo.
  • 2. Jaber dam An old wall which was built 200 years ago at the stream of Jan valley, located in Hadaba “doghal galagh” دُوكَل كَلاغ. The name was after Jaber who built this wall.
  • 3. Buz dam A historical dam in southern Kukherd in Baghezard
  • 4. Jawid Dam After the name of Haji Ismaeil Jaweed which was built in 1979 in

north Paltir.

  • 5. Bust-e gez Dam Is a modern dam which was built in 2005 in southern mountain

of Paltir

Another tool to preserve water is using a kind of traditional water containers (Berkaبركه ) in local Kukherdi dialect and known as Ab Anbar āb anbār آب انبار, which is a traditional reservoir of drinking water built aboveground in Iran having a structure of a domed shape. Currently, Kukherd still maintain 64 old rain water containers.

Climate

Climate in Kukherd is dry and hot during summer. Summer temperatures vary frequently above 40 °C. It has cold winters and sometimes snow falls on mountains of Nakh. Spring and autumn temperatures are moderate and pleasant.

To deal with the extremely hot summers, many traditional and old houses in Iran have a special mechanism to protect against the heat of summer as they used to build air towers on their homes known as the Windcatcher Bâdgir بادگیر which is an ancient architectural device used for many centuries to create natural ventilation in buildings. The architecture is also spread in many parts of Fars province including Kukherd.

History and etymology

Kukherd civilization goes back to ancient more than 2000 years old. Evidence of the ancient archeology includes some ancient monuments that have been found dating to the Sassanid dynasty approximately that was also discovered in Kukherd. This is in addition to having old tombs and having its unique architecture like the Windcatcher Bâdgir بادگیر Kukherd in Persian consists originally of two old Persian words: “koy كوي” and “kherd”. خرد In the لغت نامه Loghatnaameh Dictionary , “koy” means alive and "kherd" means reason which can be translated to "The land of reason". Local historical resources in Kukherd explain that the ancient name of Kukherd was known as Siba after the castle of Siba which was built about 500 BC in the civilization extended from south Arab peninsula to the land of Kukherd. Other resource explain that it goes back to Zoaroster tribe that came all the way from Armenia and settled in Kukherd and built a castle known as Siba.

Historical sites

Among ancient monuments that have been found in Kukherd are:

  • Terenah:, (terenah ترنه ) the unique ancient methods of ancient Kukherd population have been using to transfer the sweet water from Mehran salty river to the other bank of the river order to water their lands
  • The Castle of Siba which has been maintained until 1163–1192. It was destroyed by an earthquake in Kukherd city, and was affected by the flood in 1367, which destroyed the remainder of the castle.
  • Another monument is for the bazar of Siba.
  • The Castle of Aamaj.
  • The Castle of Tawseelah in Geri zamerdan valey.
  • The Historic Bath of Siba – An ancient bath house that is believed dated back to the Sassanid dynasty.[5]
  • Islamic Monuments: Qiblah Mosque : مسجد جامع قبلة this mosque goes back to the ninth hijra century

Kukherd in the Cambridge History of Iran

An early reference to Kukherd is dated to 1649, this is found in the Cambridge History of Iran,[6] Volume 6th:

Went north from Kung through Kuhkird, Bastak and Nimar, where it joined the main route at Lar, From the lesser Ports at Bandar Rig and Bandar Rishahr routes converged near Burazgan and the road to Shiraz Passed through Dalaki, Kazarun and the Dasht_i Arjan, These routes Were subject to extraordinary variations in climatic conditions, scorching heat when only traveling at night was bearable and Perishing cold when travel might be impossible, An English factor, Robert Loftus, noted in April 1628, I stayed in Digerdoo” Dihgirdu” six daies until….

See also

References
  • 1. Peter Jackson and Lawrence Lockhart (Ed) (1986), Vol. 6th, The Cambridge History of Iran: Cambridge University Press
  • 2. الكوخردى ، محمد ، بن يوسف، (كُوخِرد حَاضِرَة اِسلامِيةَ عَلي ضِفافِ نَهر مِهران) الطبعة الثالثة ،دبى: سنة 199۷ للميلاد Mohammed Kookherdi (1997) Kookherd, an Islamic civil at Mehran river, third edition: Dubai
  • 3. محمدیان، کوخری، محمد ، “ (به یاد کوخرد) “، ج1. ج2. چاپ اول، دبی: سال انتشار 2003 میلادی Mohammed Kookherdi Mohammadyan (2003), Beyade Kookherd, third edition : Dubai.
  • 4. نور احمدی؛ بررسی تطبیقی فعل, ضمیر و واژه در زبان لاری با فارسی میانه
  • 5. Human Anthropology in Persia
  • 6. محمدیان، کوخری، محمد. (وصف کوخرد) ج1. چاپ دوم، دبی: سال انتشار 1998 میلادی Mohammed Kookherdi Mohammadyan (1998), Wasf Kookherd, second edition : Dubai
  • 7. محمدیان، کوخردی ، محمد ، «شهرستان بستک و بخش کوخرد» ، ج۱. چاپ اول، دبی: سال انتشار ۲۰۰۵ میلادی Mohammed Kookherdi Mohammadyan (2005), Shahrestan Bastak & Bakhshe Kookherd, First edition : Dubai.
  • 8. عباسی ، قلی، مصطفی، «بستک وجهانگیریه»، چاپ اول، تهران : ناشر: شرکت انتشارات جهان
  • 9. محمدیان، کوخری، محمد. (کوخرد سرزمین شاعران) ج1. چاپ اول، دبی: سال انتشار 200۵ میلادی Mohammed Kookherdi Mohammadyan (2005), Sarzamin Shaaran, First edition : Dubai.
  • 10. سلامى، بستكى، احمد. (بستک در گذرگاه تاریخ) ج2 چاپ اول، 1372 خورشيدى
  • 11. کامله،القاسمی، بنت شیخ عبدالله، (تاریخ لنجة) مکتبة دبي للتوزیع، الامارات: الطبعة الثانية عام ۱۹۹۳ للمیلاد
  • 12. الوحیدی الخنجی، حسین بن علی بن احمد، «تاریخ لنجه» ، الطبعة الثانية دبی: دار الأمة للنشر والتوزیع، ۱۹۸۸ للمیلاد
  • 13. بنى عباسيان، بستكى، محمد اعظم، « تاريخ جهانگيريه» چاپ تهران، سال 1339 خورشيدى Mohammad

AadhamKhan Bani Abasian (1339),Bastak & GehanGireya,First edition : Tehrani.

  • 14. محمدیان ، کوخردی، محمد ، « مشایخ مدنی » ، چاپ دوم، دبی: سال انتشار ۲۰۰۲ میلادی Mohammed Kookherdi Mohammadyan (2002), Mashaykh Madani, second edition : Dubai
  • 15. اطلس گیتاشناسی استانهای ایران [Atlas Gitashenasi Ostanhai Iran] (Gitashenasi Province Atlas of Iran)
  • 16. نشريه فرهنگ كوخرد ، شماره پنجم، سال سوم، فروردين 1388 خورشيدى
  • 17. محمدیان، كوخردى ، محمد ، (پَرندگان کوخرد) ، ج1. چاپ اول،: سال انتشار 2009 میلادی
  • 18. حبیبی ، احمد. (دُّر دری در کنارههای خلیج فارس) ناشر همسایه قم ، انتشار سال ۱۳۷۵ خورشیدی
  • 19. مهندس: موحد ، جمیل. (بستک و خلیج فارس) چاپ اول، تهران: سال انتشار 1343 خورشيدى
  • 20. بالود ، محمد. (فرهنگ عامه در منطقه بستک) ناشر همسايه ، چاپ زيتون، انتشار سال 1384 خورشیدی
  • 21. بختيارى، سعيد، ، « اتواطلس ايران » ، “ مؤسسه جغرافيايى وكارتگرافى گيتا شناسى ، بهار 1384 خورشيدى
  • 22. دكتر:القاسمى، سلطان ، بن محمد ، «( سرد الذّاتْ) » ،. المؤسسة العربية للدراسات والنشر 2009 میلادی
  • 23. ذکرت کوخرد فی واحد من اهم المراجع الاجنبیة التاریخیة عن ایران فی سنة 1649 للمیلاد، وهو کتاب :

(کامبریدج عن تاریخ ایران)، فی المجلد السادس.

  • 24. بردال،حسن،و عباسی،داریوش. (هرمزگان) ناشر:اداره کل فرهنگ وارشاد اسلامی استان هرمزگان، چاپ: مبینا، بندر عباس، سال ۱۳۸۸ خورشیدی.
  • 25. A Trip To Southern Iran
  • 26. مهندس:، حاتم، محمد ، غریب“ «تَاریخْ عَرَب الّهْولَة » “ ، دولة الکویت، ج۱. چاپ سوم، القاهرة، مصر ، دار الأمین للطباعة والنشر والتوزیع، ۸ شارع أبوالمعالی، سال انتشار ۱۹۹۷ میلادی
  • 27. « Huwala Arab History » Engineer: Mohammed gharhb Hatem , third edition : Egypt (Cairo),1997 & 2013
  • 28. «  Kookherd, an Islamic District on the bank of Mehran River» Mohammadian, Kukherdi,Mohammad (2000), third edition:Dubai U.A.E
  • 29. Bastak and Kukherd
  1. Kukherd can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3072394" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  2. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". Islamic Republic of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 2011-11-11.
  3. Security in the Persian Gulf: Origins, Obstacles, and the Search for Consensus. Lawrence G.Potter. pp. 27–29.
  4. الكوخردى ، محمد ، بن يوسف، (كُوخِرد حَاضِرَة اِسلامِيةَ عَلي ضِفافِ نَهر مِهران) الطبعة الثالثة ،دبى: سنة 199۷ للميلاد Mohammed Kookherdi (1997) Kookherd, an Islamic civil at Mehran river, third edition: Dubai
  5. الكوخردى ، محمد ، بن يوسف، (كُوخِرد حَاضِرَة اِسلامِيةَ عَلي ضِفافِ نَهر مِهران) الطبعة الثالثة ،دبى: سنة 199۷ للميلاد Mohammed Kookherdi (1997) Kookherd, an Islamic civil at Mehran river, third edition: Dubai
  6. Peter Jackson and Lawrence Lockhart (Ed) (1986), Vol. 6th, The Cambridge History of Iran: Cambridge University Press
  • Kookherd Website.
  • Shah Ismaail of Iran Britannica.com
  • كوخرد در لغتنامه دهخدا
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