LB&SCR L class

The LB&SCR L Class was a class of 4-6-4 steam tank locomotives designed by L. B. Billinton for the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway. They were known as the "Brighton Baltics", Baltic being the European name for the 4-6-4 wheel arrangement. Seven examples were built between April 1914 and April 1922 and they were used for express passenger services.

LB&SCR L class
No. 333 'Remembrance' early in Southern Railway ownership. c.1925
Type and origin Power type Steam Designer L.B. Billinton Builder Brighton Works Build date 1914 and 1922 Total produced 7
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 4-6-4T Gauge 4 ft 8 ^1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge Leading dia. 3 ft 6 in (1.067 m) Driver dia. 6 ft 9 in (2.057 m) Trailing dia. 3 ft 6 in (1.067 m) Loco weight 99 long tons (101 t; 111 short tons) Fuel type Coal Boiler pressure 170 psi (11.72 bar; 1.17 MPa) Cylinders Two, outside Cylinder size 22 in × 28 in (559 mm × 711 mm)
Career Class L Last run 1934–36 Disposition All rebuilt to SR N15X class

Background

By 1913 the LB&SCR was well supplied with modern passenger locomotives except for the heaviest express trains. L. B. Billinton was undecided whether to enlarge the J1 and J2 4-6-2 tank locomotives designed by his predecessor D. E. Marsh, or design an equivalent sized 4-6-0 tender locomotive. Large tank locomotives were well-suited to the operating conditions of the railway with relatively short distances but very intensive use of the system, particularly in the vicinity of London. Billinton therefore placed an order for one 4-6-4 tank and one 4-6-0 tender locomotive from Brighton railway works in November 1913. However, soon after the delivery of the first tank engine in April 1914 the order for the second was changed to another tank engine. The four trailing bogie wheels were added to enable more fuel to be carried and to give additional stability when running bunker-first.[1]

Modification and further deliveries

Soon after the first two examples were introduced into traffic the class was found to be unstable at high speed and prone to derailment, due to water surging in the large side tanks. As a result, the two locomotives were soon rebuilt to provide a large well tank between the axles, and to blank off the upper portion of the side tanks. This had the effect of lowering the centre of gravity of the locomotive.[2] Once modified the first two locomotives proved to be most successful, but further deliveries were delayed by the onset of the First World War. Five more examples were built between October 1921 and April 1922. No. 333 Remembrance was the last new locomotive built by the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway, before it became a part of the Southern Railway on 1 January 1923. It was named in honour of the members of the railway killed in the war.

Post grouping

The original Robinson superheaters were replaced by those of Richard Maunsell's design during the 1920s and 1930s, and the original LB&SCR numbers were increased by 2000. The seven members of the class were kept fully occupied on the main express services between London and Brighton until the line was electrified in 1933. They were then transferred to Eastbourne to work on London expresses in January 1933, but the planned electrification of that line looked set to make them redundant once again.

N15X Class

For details of the class in their rebuilt form see SR N15X class

As the locomotives were still relatively new and performing well, Maunsell decided to rebuild them for use on express trains on the Western section of Southern Railway. Between December 1934 and February 1936 all seven members of the class were rebuilt as 4-6-0 tender locomotives, and given the new designation ‘’N15X’’. Six of the class were named after famous locomotive engineers but 2333 retained its original name. The new class were based at Nine Elms and were used on services to Bournemouth and Southampton but in their rebuilt state they did not perform as well as the existing King Arthur class and so tended to be relegated to secondary services. Between November 1941 and July 1943 the class was loaned to the Great Western Railway for use on freight trains.

British Railways

All seven N15X locomotives entered British Railways stock on 1 January 1948 and continued to be used on secondary services until the mid-1950s. The first withdrawal took place in January 1955, and the last in July 1957. No examples have been preserved.

Locomotive summary

LB&SCR No.	S.R. No.	B.R. No.	LBSC Name	Date Built	Date Rebuilt	SR Name	Withdrawn
327	2327	32327	Charles C. Macrae	March 1914	April 1935	Trevithick	January 1956
328	2328	32328	—	September 1914	February 1936	Hackworth	January 1955
329	2329	32329	Stephenson	October 1921	December 1934	Stephenson	July 1956
330	2330	32330	—	December 1921	September 1935	Cudworth	August 1955
331	2331	32331	—	December 1921	April 1936	Beattie	July 1957
332	2332	32332	—	March 1922	November 1935	Stroudley	January 1956
333	2333	32333	Remembrance	April 1922	June 1935	Remembrance	April 1956

No. 333 was the LB&SCR war memorial locomotive, and bore a plaque reading "In grateful remembrance of the 532 men of the L.B.&S.C.Rly, who gave their lives for their country, 1914–1919".[3]

References

1. Bradley, (1974) p.143-4
2. Bradley, (1974) p.144-5
3. Marx 2007, p. 171.

Sources

• Bradley, D.L. (1974). Locomotives of the London Brighton and South Coast Railway: Part 3. Railway Correspondence and Travel Society.
• Marx, Klaus (2007). Lawson Billinton: A Career Cut Short. The Oakwood Library of Railway History. Usk: Oakwood Press. ISBN 978-0-85361-661-0. OL142.
• "LBSCR L class 4-6-4". Southern e-group. 16 May 2004.