LNER Thompson Class B1

The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) Thompson Class B1 is a class of steam locomotive designed for medium mixed traffic work. It was designed by Edward Thompson.

LNER Thompson Class B1
61059 at Norwich Thorpe, January 1958.
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
DesignerEdward Thompson
BuilderDarlington Works (60)
Gorton Works (10)
North British Locomotive Co. (290)
Vulcan Foundry (50)
Build date1942–1952
Total produced410
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • Whyte4-6-0
 • UIC2′C h2
Gauge4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Leading dia.3 ft 2 in (0.965 m)
Driver dia.6 ft 2 in (1.880 m)
Axle load17 long tons 15 cwt (39,800 lb or 18 t)
Loco weight71 long tons 3 cwt (159,400 lb or 72.3 t)
Fuel typeCoal
BoilerLNER diagram 100A
Boiler pressure225 psi (1.55 MPa)
CylindersTwo (outside)
Cylinder size20 in × 26 in (508 mm × 660 mm)
Valve gearWalschaerts
Valve type10-inch (254 mm) piston valves
Performance figures
Tractive effort26,878 lbf (119.56 kN)
Career
OperatorsLNER » BR
ClassLNER: B1
Power classBR: 5MT
NumbersLNER:1000-1409,BR : 61000-61409
NicknamesBongos, Antelopes
Axle load classRoute Availability 5
Locale
Withdrawn1961–1967
Preserved(6)1264, 61306
DispositionTwo preserved, remainder scrapped
61337 derailed at Stanningley, 1966/7
61306 under the coaler at Low Moor shed
61306 (yet again) at Bradford Exchange
Sound
info help
61264 at Beck Hole

Overview

It was the LNER's equivalent to the highly successful GWR Hall Class and the LMS Stanier Black Five, two-cylinder mixed traffic 4-6-0s. However, it had the additional requirement of having to be cheap because, due to wartime and post-war economies, the LNER, never the richest railway company, had to make savings.

Introduced in 1942, the first example, No. 8301, was named Springbok in honour of a visit by Jan Smuts. The first 40 of the class were named after breeds of antelopes and the like, and they became known as bongos after 8306 Bongo. 274 were built by the LNER. 136 were built by British Railways after nationalisation in 1948. The total number in stock at any one time however was only 409 as 61057 was involved in an accident in 1950 and was scrapped.

The prototype for the new B class (later classified B1) 4-6-0 was built at Darlington and entered service on 12 December 1942. It was the first 2-cylinder main-line locomotive constructed for the LNER since the grouping, such had been Sir Nigel Gresley's faith in the 3 cylinder layout. With cost saving a wartime priority the LNER's draughtsmen went to great lengths to re-use existing patterns, jigs and tools to economise on materials and labour. Extensive use was made of welding instead of steel castings. The boiler was derived from the Diagram 100A type fitted to the LNER Class B17 Sandringham 4-6-0s but with a larger grate area and an increase in boiler pressure to 225 pounds per square inch (1.55 MPa).

The appearance of No. 8301 (subsequently renumbered No. 1000) coincided with a visit to Britain by the Prime Minister of South Africa, Field Marshal Jan Smuts, and, as mentioned above, it was named Springbok. 18 other B1s took the names of LNER directors. Not that there were many B1s to be named during the war years: constraints on production meant that the first ten were not completed until 1944. However, Thompson then placed substantial orders with two outside builders: Vulcan Foundry and the North British Locomotive Company of Glasgow. Between April 1946 and April 1952 NBL built 290 B1s. Over the period the cost of each engine rose from £14,893 to £16,190. Vulcan Foundry contributed 50 at £15,300 apiece. Orders for the B1s, which became Nos. 61000–61409 under British Railways, totalled 410.

The B1s operated throughout LNER territory. The first batch was distributed among depots on the former Great Eastern Railway section: Ipswich, Norwich, and Stratford in London. They were an immediate success and were soon working the Liverpool Street - Harwich boat trains, the Hook Continental, the Day Continental and the Scandinavian. B1s were also a familiar sight on other top-link workings such as The East Anglian, The Broadsman and The Fenman. During the 1950s over 70 B1s were stationed on ex-GE lines.

They enjoyed similar popularity on ex-Great Northern and Great Central territory. Engines based at Darnall, Sheffield were regularly rostered for the Master Cutler and South Yorkshireman expresses. Elsewhere there were substantial allocations in Scotland, West Yorkshire and East Yorkshire.

If any fault is to be highlighted on the B1, it must be the ride quality. O.S. Nock often criticised the B1s for a poor ride, not something many were used to on the Gresley engines. The B1 was very cheap to build, but the final result was an engine that was somewhat lacking in the quality LNER men had come to expect. The two-cylinder layout gave the engines good starting power and excellent hill climbing abilities, but it also caused very bad hunting effects, a result of the use of cut-offs of up to 75% (a 10% advance on Gresley engines), and as such they were less kind on the passengers they carried than the B17s they replaced.

Overall, however, it was entirely necessary that the B1s be introduced, because the LNER was operating a large number of engines that were well past their economic life. It was somewhat ironic that among the engines that came under threat with the arrival of the B1s were the ones that Thompson admired the most: the engines of the North Eastern Railway designed by Vincent Raven (his father-in-law).

Accidents and incidents
  • On 7 March 1950, locomotive No. 61057 was hauling an express passenger train at night, when it collided with the rear of a mineral train in fog, 3⁄4 mile (1.2 km) north east of Witham Junction; the passenger fireman and goods guard were killed. The locomotive was badly damaged; after being moved to Stratford Works, it and its tender were withdrawn and later scrapped.[1][2]
  • On 4 September 1953, locomotive No. 61046 was hauling a passenger train that was derailed at Bethnal Green, London when a set of points moved under it.[3]
  • In August 1961, locomotive No. 61229 was derailed at Malton, Yorkshire.[4]

Names

59 of the 410 locomotives were named. Early B1s were named after species of antelope, whilst later engines were named after members of the board of directors of the LNER. This led to the fact that the Class B1 contained the shortest name given to a British locomotive ((6)1018 Gnu) and one of the longest ((6)1221 Sir Alexander Erskine-Hill).

Note this does not include all engines

Withdrawal

With the change in the policies of British Railways, the B1s were withdrawn long before their projected economic working life. Excepting No. 61057 which was destroyed in an accident in 1950, the first normal withdrawal was No. 61085 in November 1961. The remaining locomotives were withdrawn between 1962 and 1967.

Table of withdrawals
YearQuantity in
service at
start of year		Quantity
withdrawn		Locomotive numbersNotes
1950410161057Accident write-off
1961409161085
196240812061000/05/11/36/43/45–46/48/63/77/86/91
61106/24/36–37/64/70/83/86–87/93
61201/03/06/11/17/26/31/34–36/39/41/46–47/53–54/60/65–68/71/80/82–84/86–87/90/95–98
61301/11/16–17/32–33/35/39/52/62–64/66/68/71/73/76–77/79–81/91/95
61405/08
19632886261001/04/06/33/53/59/68–69/71/73–75/83/88/90/95
61113/19/22/25–26/35/42/56/59–60/69/74–75/77/81
61204–05/07/27/33/52/69–70/73/79
61300/05/14/18/23/25/28/31/34/36/41/58–59/69/74–75/78/83/93/99
61409
196422654etc.
19651728161264,etc.1264 sold

for preservation

1966916461008/13–14/17/22/24/26/29/32/35/40/42/50–51/55/58/89/92/99
61101/03/16/21/31–33/40/45/48/58/61
61210/23–24/32/37/40/50/61/63/81/93
61302–03/07–08/15/19/22/26/29–30/42–45/49–50/60/84/86/90
61403/06
1967272761002/12/19/21/30/73
61102/15/23/73/80/89/99
61216/38/55/62/78/89
61306/09/37/40/47/54/88
61407		61306 sold for preservation

Departmental service

After withdrawal from capital stock, 17 were taken into departmental stock where they were used as boilers for carriage heating. For this they had their couplers removed so they could not haul trains, though they could still propel themselves.

Number Previous BR No. Taken into dep'tal stock Withdrawn Disposal
17 61059 1963 1966 Scrapped (1966)
18 61181 1963 1965 Scrapped (1966)
19 61204 1963 1966 Scrapped (1966)
20 61205 1963 1965 Scrapped (1966)
21 61233 1963 1966 Scrapped (1966)
22 61252 1963 1964 Scrapped (1966)
23 61300 1963 1965 Scrapped (1966)
24 (1st) 61323 1963 1963 Scrapped (1964)
24 (2nd) 61375 1963 1966 Scrapped (1966)
25 61272 1965 1966 Scrapped (1966)
26 61138 1965 1967 Scrapped (1968)
27 61105 1965 1966 Scrapped (1966)
28 61194 1965 1966 Scrapped (1966)
29 61264 1965 1967 Woodham Brothers, later preserved
30 61050 1966 1968 Scrapped (1968)
31 (2nd) 61051 1966 1966 Scrapped (1966)
32 (2nd) 61315 1966 1968 Scrapped (1968)

Preservation
Both of the preserved B1s in steam at Barrow Hill in November 2007. 61264 is piloting "1306 Mayflower".

Two have been preserved, these being 61264 and 61306. Both of these were built by North British Locomotive Company.

Number Name Builder Makers No Built Withdrawn Service Life Location Owners Livery Condition Mainline Certified Photograph
LNER BR
1264 61264 - North British Locomotive Company 26165 5 Dec 1947 21 Nov 1965 17 Years, 11 months North Yorkshire Moors Railway Thompson B1 Locomotive Trust LNER lined black Operational Yes (2014 - 2021)
*1306 61306 *Mayflower North British Locomotive Company 26207 5 Apr 1948 30 Sep 1967 19 Years, 5 months Carnforth MPD David Buck BR Apple Green Operational Yes (2019 - )

(* denotes historically inauthentic)

References
  1. Langley, C. A. (31 July 1950). "Report on the collision which occurred on 7th March 1950 near Witham Junction" (PDF). Railway archive. HMSO.
  2. "61057". BRDatabase.
  3. Hoole, Ken (1982). Trains in Trouble: Vol. 3. Redruth: Atlantic Books. p. 39. ISBN 0-906899-05-2.
  4. Hoole, Ken (1983). Trains in Trouble: Vol. 4. Truro: Atlantic Books. p. 8. ISBN 0-906899-07-9.
  5. BR Database http://www.brdatabase.info/locoqry.php?action=locodata&id=600201037&type=S&loco=1036. Retrieved 5 November 2020. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Sources
  • Boddy, M. G.; Brown, W. A.; Fry, E. V.; Hennigan, W.; Hoole, Ken; Manners, F.; Neve, E.; Platt, E. N. T.; Proud, P.; Yeadon, W. B. (March 1975). Fry, E. V. (ed.). Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., Part 2B: Tender Engines—Classes B1 to B19. Lincoln: RCTS. ISBN 0-901115-73-8.
  • Swinger, Peter (2004). The Power of the B1s. (2004 reprint ISBN 0-86093-445-4)
  • Yeadon, W. B. (1994). Yeadon's Register of LNER Locomotives, Volume 6: Thompson B1 Class. Irwell Press. ISBN 1-871608-39-2.
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