Laboratory animal allergy

Laboratory animal allergy (LAA) is an occupational disease of laboratory animal technicians and scientists.[1][2] It manifests as an allergic response to animal urine, specifically the major urinary proteins (Mups) of rodents, and can lead to the development of asthma.[3] A study of 5641 workers in Japan who were exposed to laboratory animals found 23.1% had one or more allergic symptoms; globally the prevalence among at risk workers is estimated between 11 and 30% [4] According to the National Institutes of Health, prevention of animal allergy depends on the control of allergens in the work environment. This involves a combination of measures to eliminate or control allergen exposure, including engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment.[5]

The protein product of the mouse Mup17 gene,[6] known as Mus m 1, Ag1 or MA1,[7] accounts for much of the allergenic properties of mouse urine. Similarly, the product of the rat Mup13 gene, Rat n 1, is also a potent human allergen.[3] One study found that two thirds of laboratory workers who had developed asthmatic reactions to animals had antibodies to Rat n 1.[8]

Notes

Gordon S, Preece R (September 2003). "Prevention of laboratory animal allergy". Occupational Medicine. 53 (6): 371–7. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqg117. PMID 14514903.
Wood RA (2001). "Laboratory animal allergens". ILAR Journal. 42 (1): 12–6. doi:10.1093/ilar.42.1.12. PMID 11123185.
Lockey, Richard; Ledford, Dennis K. (2008). "Mammalian Allergens". Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy. Volume 21 of Clinical allergy and immunology. Informa Health Care. pp. 201–218. ISBN 978-1-4200-6197-0.
Aoyama K, Ueda A, Manda F, Matsushita T, Ueda T, Yamauchi C (January 1992). "Allergy to laboratory animals: an epidemiological study". British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 49 (1): 41–7. doi:10.1136/oem.49.1.41. PMC 1039233. PMID 1733454.
The National Institutes of Health Laboratory Animal Allergy Prevention Program
Garg LC, Narang N (1989). "Suppression of ouabain-insensitive K-ATPase activity in rabbit nephron segments during chronic hyperkalemia". Renal Physiology and Biochemistry. 12 (5–6): 295–301. doi:10.1159/000173206. PMID 2533699.
Lorusso JR, Moffat S, Ohman JL (November 1986). "Immunologic and biochemical properties of the major mouse urinary allergen (Mus m 1)". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 78 (5 Pt 1): 928–37. doi:10.1016/0091-6749(86)90242-3. PMID 3097107.
Platts-Mills TA, Longbottom J, Edwards J, Cockroft A, Wilkins S (March 1987). "Occupational asthma and rhinitis related to laboratory rats: serum IgG and IgE antibodies to the rat urinary allergen". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 79 (3): 505–15. doi:10.1016/0091-6749(87)90369-1. PMID 3819230.

Allergic conditions
Respiratory system	Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) Asthma Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Eosinophilic pneumonia Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Farmer's lung Laboratory animal allergy
Skin	Angioedema Urticaria Atopic dermatitis Allergic contact dermatitis Hypersensitivity vasculitis
Blood and immune system	Serum sickness
Circulatory system	Anaphylaxis
Digestive system	Coeliac disease Eosinophilic gastroenteritis Eosinophilic esophagitis Food allergy Egg allergy Milk intolerance
Nervous system	Eosinophilic meningitis
Genitourinary system	Acute interstitial nephritis
Other conditions	Drug allergy Allergic conjunctivitis Latex allergy

Animal testing
Main articles	Alternatives to animal testing Animal testing on invertebrates Animal testing on frogs Animal testing on non-human primates Animal testing on rabbits Animal testing on rodents Animal testing regulations Experimentation on prisoners History of animal testing History of model organisms IACUC Laboratory animal sources Pain and suffering in laboratory animals Testing cosmetics on animals Toxicology testing
Testing on	Frogs Invertebrates Primates Rabbits Rodents Syrian hamsters
Issues	Animal rights Animal welfare Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act Biomedical Research Great ape research ban International trade in primates Laboratory animal allergy Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
Controversial experiments	Britches Brown Dog affair Cambridge University primates Pit of despair Silver Spring monkeys Unnecessary Fuss
Companies	Charles River Laboratories, Inc. Covance Harlan Huntingdon Life Sciences Laboratory animal suppliers in the United Kingdom Nafovanny Shamrock
Groups and campaigns	Anti-Vivisection Coalition Americans for Medical Progress AAAS AALAS ALF Boyd Group BUAV Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing Dr Hadwen Trust PETA ALF Foundation For Biomedical Research National Anti-Vivisection Society New England Anti-Vivisection Society Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine Primate Freedom Project Pro-Test SHAC SPEAK Speaking of Research Stop Sequani Animal Testing Research Defence Society Understanding Animal Research
Writers and activists	Colin Blakemore Carl Cohen Gill Langley Ingrid Newkirk Neal Barnard Jerry Vlasak Simon Festing Tipu Aziz
Legislation	Animal testing regulations Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (UK) Animal Welfare Act 1999 (NZ) Animal Welfare Act of 1966 (US) EU Directive 2010/63/EU (EU)

Occupational safety and health
Occupational diseases and injuries	Acrodynia Asbestosis Asthma Barotrauma Berylliosis Brucellosis Byssinosis ("brown lung") Chalicosis Chimney sweeps' carcinoma Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy Coalworker's pneumoconiosis ("black lung") Concussions in sport Decompression sickness De Quervain syndrome Erethism Exposure to human nail dust Farmer's lung Fiddler's neck Flock worker's lung Glassblower's cataract Golfer's elbow Hearing loss Hospital-acquired infection Indium lung Laboratory animal allergy Lead poisoning Mesothelioma Metal fume fever Mule spinners' cancer Noise-induced hearing loss Phossy jaw Pneumoconiosis Radium jaw Repetitive strain injury Silicosis Silo-filler's disease Sports injury Surfer's ear Tennis elbow Tinnitus Writer's cramp
Occupational hygiene	Occupational hazard Biological hazard Chemical hazard Physical hazard Psychosocial hazard Hierarchy of hazard controls Prevention through design Exposure assessment Occupational exposure limit Occupational epidemiology Workplace health surveillance
Professions	Environmental health Industrial engineering Occupational health nursing Occupational health psychology Occupational medicine Occupational therapist Safety engineering
Agencies and organizations	Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety European Agency for Safety and Health at Work UK Health and Safety Executive International Labour Organization US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health US Occupational Safety and Health Administration National Institute for Safety and Health at Work (Spain) World Health Organization
Standards	Bangladesh Accord ISO 45001 Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 Worker Protection Standard (US) Working Environment Convention, 1977
Safety	Checklist Code of practice Contingency plan Diving safety Emergency procedure Emergency evacuation Hazard Hierarchy of hazard controls Hazard elimination Administrative controls Engineering controls Hazard substitution Personal protective equipment Job safety analysis Lockout-tagout Permit To Work Operations manual Redundancy (engineering) Risk assessment Safety culture Standard operating procedure
Legislation	Diving regulations Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States)
See also	Environment, health and safety Environmental toxicology Ergonomics Health physics Indoor air quality International Chemical Safety Card National Day of Mourning (Canadian observance) Process safety management Public health Risk management Safety data sheet Toxic tort Workers' compensation
Category Occupational diseases Journals Organizations Commons Glossary

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