Lake Callabonna

Lake Callabonna
Lake Callabonna
	Lake Callabonna from space
	Lake Callabonna Location in South Australia
Location	Far North, South Australia
Coordinates	29°43′S 140°05′E
Type	Salt lake
Basin countries	Australia
Designation	Strzelecki Regional Reserve (only partially); Lake Callabonna Fossil Reserve
Surface area	160 km2 (62 sq mi)[1]

Lake Callabonna is a dry salt lake with little to no vegetation located in the Far North region of South Australia. The 160-square-kilometre (62 sq mi)[1] lake is situated approximately 120 kilometres (75 mi) southwest of Cameron Corner, the junction of South Australia, Queensland and New South Wales. It is also known as Lake Mulligan.[2]

The lake is an important site for late Pleistocene fossils. It is within the extent of the Strzelecki Desert Lakes Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because of its importance for waterbirds when holding water in the aftermath of floods.[3][4]

History

The first pastoralists in the area were the Ragless brothers in 1881, who moved there from the northern Flinders Ranges, opening a sheep-run. The station owner in 1892, F. B. Ragless, was shown a number of giant skeletons embedded in the dry surface of the lake, discovered two days before by an Aboriginal station hand named Jackie Nolan. The South Australian Museum sent a worker, H. Hurst, to investigate the site and four months later the results were delivered to the museum. After examination of the skeletons an expedition funded by Sir Thomas Elder and E. C. Stirling, director of the South Australian Museum, was organised and Hurst led the team back to the site before being dismissed.[5] After several visits, Stirling and A. H. C. Zietz collected a large number of diprotodon and dromornithidae skeletons. The area was designated a Fossil Reserve in 1901, and access is restricted.

Protected area status

Strzelecki Regional Reserve

The northern end of Lake Callabonna is within the boundary of the Strzelecki Regional Reserve.[6]

Lake Callabonna Fossil Reserve

Lake Callabonna is the location of a site where the “articulated skeletons of Diprotodon,” an extinct genus of marsupial, were found in the late 19th century by the South Australian Museum. The site is considered to have “a very high palaeontological significance.” A fossil reserve was dedicated in 1901 under state law which currently in force as of 2002 as the Crown Lands Act 1929 with administrative responsibility lying with the South Australian Museum. In 2002, it pointed out that the lake received “negligible management effort as a Fossil Reserve under the Crown Lands Act 1929” and that proclamation under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 may provide a higher level of protection against “degradation arising from uncontrolled access.”[7] It was listed on the South Australian Heritage Register on 13 February 1997.[8]

References

"Map of Lake Callabonna, SA". Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
"Lake Callabonna, feature SA0011652", Gazetteer of Australia
"Lake Callabonna Reserve, Mount Hopeless via Lyndhurst, SA, Australia". Australian Government, Department of Environment. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
"IBA: Strzelecki Desert Lakes". Birdata. Birds Australia. Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
Vickers-Rich, P. (1993). Wildlife of Gondwana. NSW: Reed. p. 54. ISBN 0730103153.
""Figure 2 Lake Frome & Strzelecki Regional Reserves, Land Systems" from A Review of Lake Frome and Strzelecki Regional Reserves – 1991 – 2001" (PDF). Department for Environment and Heritage. 2002. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
"A Review of Lake Frome and Strzelecki Regional Reserves – 1991 – 2001" (PDF). Department for Environment and Heritage. 2002. p. 7. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
"Late Pleistocene Vertebrate Fossils Site (Lake Callabonna Fossil Reserve) (designated place of palaeontological significance)". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2016.

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[bonzle-1] "Map of Lake Callabonna, SA". Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia. Retrieved 17 August 2015.

[gazetteer-2] "Lake Callabonna, feature SA0011652", Gazetteer of Australia

[3] "Lake Callabonna Reserve, Mount Hopeless via Lyndhurst, SA, Australia". Australian Government, Department of Environment. Retrieved 4 February 2015.

[4] "IBA: Strzelecki Desert Lakes". Birdata. Birds Australia. Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2011-10-25.

[Vickers-Rich1993-5] Vickers-Rich, P. (1993). Wildlife of Gondwana. NSW: Reed. p. 54. ISBN 0730103153.

[6] ""Figure 2 Lake Frome & Strzelecki Regional Reserves, Land Systems" from A Review of Lake Frome and Strzelecki Regional Reserves – 1991 – 2001" (PDF). Department for Environment and Heritage. 2002. Retrieved 13 September 2015.

[7] "A Review of Lake Frome and Strzelecki Regional Reserves – 1991 – 2001" (PDF). Department for Environment and Heritage. 2002. p. 7. Retrieved 13 September 2015.

[8] "Late Pleistocene Vertebrate Fossils Site (Lake Callabonna Fossil Reserve) (designated place of palaeontological significance)". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2016.