Lake Pend Oreille

Lake Pend Oreille (/ˌpɒndəˈreɪ/ POND-ə-RAY)[2] in the northern Idaho Panhandle is the largest lake in the U.S. state of Idaho and the 38th-largest lake by area in the United States, with a surface area of 148 square miles (380 km2). It is 43 miles (69 km) long, and 1,150 feet (350 m) deep in some regions, making it the fifth-deepest in the nation. The lake is fed by the Clark Fork River and the Pack River, and drains into the Pend Oreille River, as well as subsurfacely into the Spokane Valley–Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer.[1] It is surrounded by national forests and a few small towns, with the largest population on the lake at Sandpoint. The majority of the shoreline is non-populated and all but the southern tip of the lake is in Bonner County. The southern tip is in Kootenai County and is home to Farragut State Park, formerly the Farragut Naval Training Station during World War II, of which a small part is still active and conducts U.S. Navy acoustic underwater submarine research.[3][4]

Lake Pend Oreille
Aerial view in 1993
Lake Pend Oreille
Lake Pend Oreille
LocationBonner / Kootenai counties, Idaho, U.S.
Coordinates48°10′0″N 116°20′0″W
Primary inflowsClark Fork River,
Pack River, Trestle Creek
Primary outflowsPend Oreille River,
Spokane Valley–Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer[1]
Basin countriesUnited States
Max. length43 miles (69 km)
Surface area148 square miles (380 km2)
Max. depth1,150 feet (351 m)
Surface elevation2,062 feet (628 m)
TrenchesPurcell
SettlementsSandpoint

The surrounding forests consist of ponderosa pine, Douglas fir, red cedar, poplar, quaking aspen, hemlock, paper birch and western larch.[5][6] Local animal species include white-tailed deer, elk, gray wolves, moose, mice, squirrels, black bears, grizzly bear, coyotes, mountain goat, cougar and bobcats, along with bald eagles, osprey, owls, hummingbirds, hawks, woodpeckers, ducks, and the mountain bluebird. The lake is a home for several species of migratory water fowl.

History
The Advanced Electric Ship Demonstrator (AESD) undergoes sea trials on Lake Pend Oreille at the Naval Surface Warfare Center

Lake Pend Oreille was glacially formed during the ice age. It is also believed that the eastern side of the lake was in the path of the ancient Missoula Flood. The lake sits at the south end of the Purcell Trench,[7] carved by glaciers moving south from Canada. The eastern side of the glacier is believed to have formed the dam for the Missoula flood, at the point where the Clark Fork river enters the lake between the Cabinet and Bitterroot mountains. The lake is made slightly larger by the dam at Albeni Falls, just east of Oldtown; the dam is ninety feet (27 m) high and operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Along with Crater Lake, Lake Tahoe, Lake Chelan, and Lake Superior, Lake Pend Oreille is among the five deepest lakes in the United States.

The area around the lake is the traditional home of the Kalispel Indian peoples. David Thompson established a North West Company trading post on the lake in 1809. A Canadian fur trader in Thompson's party is believed to have given the lake its name. The words "Pend Oreille" are French for an ear-hanging or pendant. Ear pendants were characteristic of the Kalispel tribe. The lake is shaped much like a human ear when viewed from above or on a map.

During World War II, the south end was the second largest naval training ground in the world and the largest "city" in the state. Built as a result of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the training station is now Farragut State Park. The lake's Large Scale Vehicle Range is still used by the Navy's Acoustic Research Detachment for sonar testing with large-scale submarine prototypes on the Pend Oreille Calibration Station. The significant depth gives acoustic properties similar to the open ocean.[8] Background noise is less than at ocean testing locations, and the sound signatures being investigated cannot be monitored by foreign governments in international waters.[9][10]

In 1967, the former Farragut Naval Training Station was used to accommodate the 12th World Scout Jamboree (1 to 8 August), the dates being significant as it marked 60 years to the date after Sir Robert Baden Powell held his first scout camp on Brownsea Island in Poole Harbour, Dorset in England.

Other information
The highways and cities on the northern end of Lake Pend Oreille

The following towns are adjacent to the lake:

The lake is viewed from the Pend Oreille Scenic Byway, State Highway 200 along the north shore. Much of the shore is mountainous. The mountains to the east are the Green Monarchs; to the north are the Cabinet Mountains; to the southwest the Coeur d'Alene Mountains; and to northwest are the Selkirk Mountains.

Geology

For more information on the geology of Lake Pend Oreille see

Aquatic invasive species

The lake is known to harbor several invasive species. Some of these species include:

Many of the species in the lake's invasive species list are particularly targeted due to their threat to the native population of Kokanee salmon.[11]

Fish
Sign in Sandpoint for anglers regarding protection of bull trout

The lake is home to many species of fish, including rainbow trout, lake trout, bull trout, cutthroat trout, brown trout, cutbow, perch, black crappie, bluegill, largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, whitefish, walleye, northern pike, northern pikeminnow, and kokanee salmon. Lake Pend Oreille is also the home of the 37-pound (17-kilogram) state record gerrard rainbow trout (aka kamloops rainbow) caught by Wes Hamlet in 1947.[12]

  • Lake Pend Oreille Idaho Club volunteer, nonprofit interested in kokanee survival for the benefit of restoring the Gerrard Rainbow fishery. The club's primary goal is to protect and enhance Lake Pend Oreille.

Conservation

See also

References

Citations
  1. "Ground-Water Flow Model for the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
  2. "Definition of pend oreille | Dictionary.com". www.dictionary.com. Retrieved 2020-06-29.
  3. https://articles.latimes.com/1998/aug/23/local/me-15711
  4. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-03-13. Retrieved 2013-02-06.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. http://www.fs.usda.gov/photogallery/ipnf/learning/nature-science/gallery/?cid=1185&position=Quicklinks
  6. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2012-08-12.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. http://bulletin.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/112/9/1356
  8. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-02-01. Retrieved 2008-02-03.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. Rogoway, Tyler. "The Navy's Most Vital And Secretive Submarine Base Is In... Idaho?!?". Foxtrot Alpha. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  10. "Acoustic Research Detachment - Bayview, Idaho". Naval Sea Systems Command. United States Navy. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  11. Rust, Pete. “2019 Lake Pend Oreille Walleye Netting Update.” Idaho Fish and Game, 17 June 2019, idfg.idaho.gov/blog/2019/06/2019-lake-pend-oreille-walleye-netting-update.
  12. "Certified Weight Fish Records". Idaho Fish and Game. 2017-06-15. Archived from the original on 2020-06-23. Retrieved 2020-06-29.

Other references
  • Alvarez, Gail E.; Woolford, Dennis (2009). Farragut Naval Training Station. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub. ISBN 978-0-7385-7096-9.
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