Langport

Langport is a small town and civil parish in Somerset, England, 5 miles (8 km) west of Somerton in the South Somerset district. The parish, which covers only part of the town, has a population of 1,081.[1] Langport is contiguous with Huish Episcopi, a separate parish that includes much of the town's outskirts.

This article is about the town in England. For the place in the United States, see Langport, Michigan.

Langport

Langport viewed from the River Parrett
Langport
Location within Somerset
Population1,081 
OS grid referenceST420268
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townLANGPORT
Postcode districtTA10
Dialling code01458
PoliceAvon and Somerset
FireDevon and Somerset
AmbulanceSouth Western
UK Parliament

History

Langport (old forms are "Langeberga" and "Langeport") consists of two parts, one on the hill and one by the River Parrett. The former owed its origin to its defensible position, and the latter its growth to its facilities for trade on the chief river of Somerset.[2] Eilert Ekwall translates it as "long town" or "long market".[3] Its name looks like Anglo-Saxon for "long port", but it may be "long market place" that could have been on the causeway that is now Bow Street.

Many of the houses in Bow Street tilt backwards due to settlement of the land behind the causeway. It is speculated that Langport is the place mentioned in old Welsh sources as "Llongborth" = "Ship-port", the site of the Battle of Llongborth.[4] "Longphort" is a term used in Ireland for a Viking ship enclosure or shore fortress, with an identical etymology. Langport was previously also known as Langport Eastover, with the part on the western bank being Langport Westover, now known just as Westover. Langport is on the ancient way from Glastonbury to Taunton.

Langport could have been important during the Roman occupation as there were several villas in the vicinity.[5] It was one of the forts listed in the Burghal Hidage indicating its strategic position for King Alfred, as well as being close to the royal centre of Somerton. In 1086, according to Domesday Book, it had 34 resident burgesses and was worth the then large sum of £79 10s 7d.

The parish of Combe was part of the Kilmersdon Hundred, while Langport Eastover was within the Hundred of Pitney.[6]

The first charter, granted by Elizabeth I in 1562, recognised that Langport was a borough of great antiquity, which had enjoyed considerable privileges, being governed by a portreeve. It was incorporated by James I in 1617, but the corporation was abolished in 1883. Langport was represented in parliament in 1304 and 1306. In medieval times Langport was an important centre for cloth making.[7]

The charter of 1562 granted three annual fairs to Langport, on 28 June, 11 November, and the second Monday in Lent. Only one fair is now held, a horse and cattle fair on 3 September. A Saturday market was held under the grant of 1562, but in the 19th century the market day was changed to Tuesday.[8]

On 10 July 1645, the Battle of Langport was fought here, in which the last effective Royalist field army was destroyed and the Parliamentary victory in the Civil War became all but inevitable. When the Royalists retreated through the town many were killed by the bridge over the Parrett, and many of the buildings were set on fire. Although one authority states this was an act of the Parliamentary cavalry, reading contemporary accounts of the battle it is clear that the Royalist cavalry set the lower town on fire in the (vain) hope that this would hinder the pursuit led by Cromwell's cavalry.[9]

In 1826 Langport was the birthplace of Walter Bagehot a businessman, essayist and journalist, who wrote extensively about literature, government, economic affairs and other topics. He went into partnership with George Stuckey and by 1866 the company owned 14 East Indiamen as well as 19 barges on the River Parrett. This developed into the Somerset Trading Company. Stuckey's Bank had been founded in 1770, and by 1909 its banknote circulation was second only to that of the Bank of England. It was then taken over by Parr's Bank, which became part of the Westminster Bank.[10]

The Great Bow Bridge, which now carries the A378, is a three-arched bridge, constructed under the terms of the Parrett Navigation Act of 1836. Completed in 1841 at a cost of £3,749,[11] it replaced the previous medieval bridge, with its nine tiny arches, all too small to allow navigation. A bridge at this site was first mentioned in 1220.[12] The medieval bridge consisted of a total of 31 arches, of which nine crossed the river, and 19 of the original arches were located by ground-penetrating radar in 1987, buried beneath the road which runs from Great Bow Bridge to Little Bow Bridge.[13]

Around 1840 the Westport Canal was built, which joined the river at Langport.[14] The abortive Ivelchester and Langport Navigation scheme had sought to avoid the Great Bow Bridge, by making the Portlake Rhine navigable, rebuilding Little Bow Bridge in the centre of Langport, and making a new cut to Bicknell's Bridge. Seven locks, each with a small rise, were planned but the scheme foundered in 1797, due to financial difficulties.[15] The railway came to Langport in 1853 and opened up new markets, but caused the decline of river traffic.

In 1856 the proprietor of the Langport Herald, James Richard Moreton, printed and published the 107 hymn tunes and six anthems written by his father, who was the minister of Langport Independent Chapel. This was the Reverend James Moreton's Sacred Music, used by Congregationalists and other denominations in the 19th century; there is a copy in the British Library.

In World War II Langport was the site of a United States Army military prison or Disciplinary Training Center.[16]

Governance

The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.

The town falls within the Non-metropolitan district of South Somerset, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Langport Rural District.[17] The district council is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.

Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, Trading Standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.

The town is in the 'Langport and Huish' electoral ward. Langport is the most populous area but the ward stretches south and east to Huish Episcopi. The total ward population at the 2011 census was 2,872.[18]

It is also part of the Somerton and Frome county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

Geography

Langport lies on the east bank of the River Parrett, below the point where that river is joined by the River Yeo (Ivel). There is a causeway across the moor and an important bridge over the river. Below Langport the Parrett is tidal. The rivers flow from the southern hills through Thorney Moor and Kings Moor, through a gap between the upland areas around Somerton and Curry Rivel, onto the Somerset Levels through which it flows past Bridgwater to the Bristol Channel. During the winter the low-lying areas around Langport are sometimes flooded.

Langport Railway Cutting is a Geological Conservation Review site where Gravels are exposed which show scour-and-fill structures consistent with braided stream deposition from the Pleistocene age.[19]

To the south of the town is Wet Moor, a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest which is part of the extensive grazing marsh grasslands and ditch systems of the Somerset Levels and Moors.[20] In storm conditions the rivers can overtop their banks and overspill into the adjacent low-lying moorland. The rivers running through the moor make home for many wildlife, including wintering whooper swans.[21]

Climate

Along with the rest of South West England, Langport has a temperate climate which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of the country.[22] The annual mean temperature is approximately 10 °C (50.0 °F). Seasonal temperature variation is less extreme than most of the United Kingdom because of the adjacent sea temperatures. The summer months of July and August are the warmest, with a mean daily maximum of about 21 °C (69.8 °F). In winter the mean daily minimum temperature is about 1 °C (33.8 °F) or 2 °C (35.6 °F) are common.[22] In the summer the Azores high pressure affects the southwest of England; however convective cloud sometimes forms inland, reducing the number of hours of sunshine.

Annual sunshine rates are slightly less than the regional average of 1,600 hours.[22] In December 1998 there were 20 days without sun recorded at Yeovilton. Most of the rainfall in the southwest is caused by Atlantic depressions or by convection. Most of the rainfall in autumn and winter is caused by the Atlantic depressions, which is when they are most active. In summer, a large proportion of the rainfall is caused by sun heating the ground, leading to convection and to showers and thunderstorms. Average rainfall is around 700 mm (28 in). About 8–15 days of snowfall is typical. November to March have the highest mean wind speeds, and June to August have the lightest winds. The predominant wind direction is from the southwest.[22]

Landmarks
The Hanging Chapel

Two buildings in the town, the Tudor House and The Warehouse in Great Bow Yard, have been restored by the Somerset Buildings Preservation Trust.[23]

Close to All Saints Church, an archway crosses the road, bearing a Perpendicular building known as The Hanging Chapel.[24] After serving this purpose it housed first the grammar school (founded 1675), then the Quekett museum, named after John Thomas Quekett (1815–61) the histologist, a native of the town, whose father was master of the school. The hanging chapel afterwards became a masonic hall.

Education

Education for children aged 11 to 18 is provided by Huish Episcopi Academy, a mixed secondary school with academy status. The school has a specialist status as a Science College and Language College. It has around 1,400 students.[25]

Huish Episcopi Primary School — near the centre of Langport — takes pupils from the age of 4 to 11. The school serves Langport, Huish Episcopi, Aller, Muchelney, Pibsbury, Drayton and Pitney. The school site includes 6 classrooms, an ICT suite, hall, library, playground and school field.[26] There are around 130 pupils.[27]

St Gildas' School formerly provided private education, but is now closed.

Langport All Saints, showing the back of the square tower with its octagonal stair turret

Religious sites
All Saints' church

The main street leads up a slope from the river to the fine Perpendicular church of All Saints, which is a Grade I listed building. The square tower (with its octagonal stair turret), which is in three stages, dates from the 15th century but the top section was rebuilt in 1833. It has a number of interesting gargoyles known locally as ‘hunky punks’.[28] The East window of the chancel contains a set of late 15th century glass depicting various saints, appropriate to the dedication "All Saints". Although restored in the 19th century it is one of the best preserved medieval windows in Somerset. Additionally it is unusual in that the window contains a full set of glass from the same period. The church has only occasional services and is in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust,[29] who have carried out extensive rebuilding work.[30] The congregation of Langport and Huish Episcopi use St Mary's Church Huish Episcopi as the parish church of the community (Parish of Huish Episcopi cum Langport).

Railways

The Langport and Castle Cary Railway served Langport and the present station is currently closed at Langport East on the Reading to Taunton Line.

Langport East railway station site with a British Rail Class 43 (HST) heading east on the Reading to Taunton Line.

Local Newspapers

Langport is served by a free newspaper, The Leveller, established in 2010, which provides news of the town and the county of Somerset with a circulation (net of returns) of 11,300 copies.

Notable people

References
  1. "Statistics for Wards, LSOAs and Parishes — SUMMARY Profiles" (Excel). Somerset Intelligence. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  2. "History of Langport". Langport.org.uk. Archived from the original on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  3. Ekwall, Eilert (1960). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place Names. Oxford University Press. p. 285. ISBN 978-0-19-869103-7.
  4. Mackay, Ian (1999–2006). "Geraint, Son of Erbin". History of Drumchapel. Archived from the original on 15 April 2014.
  5. Richardson, Miranda. "An archaeological assessment of Langport and Frog Lane" (PDF). English Heritage Extensive Urban Survey. Somerset County Council. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  6. "Somerset Hundreds". GENUKI. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
  7. Richardson, Mrianda. "An archaeological assessment of Langport and Frog Lane" (PDF). Somerset County Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  8. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Langport" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 177.
  9. Barratt, John (2005). The civil war in the south west. Bernsley: Pen & Sword Military. pp. 115–127. ISBN 1-84415-146-8.
  10. "Stuckey's Banking Co Ltd, Taunton, 1826–1909". Royal Bank of Scotland. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  11. Body, Geoffrey; Gallop, Roy (2006). Parrett River Trade. Bristol: Fiducia Press. pp. 16–20. ISBN 978-0-946217-25-0.
  12. Historic England. "Great Bow Bridge (1235760)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2009.
  13. Otter, R. A. (1994). Civil Engineering Heritage: Southern England. London: Thomas Telford. ISBN 0-7277-1971-8.
  14. Dunning, Robert (1983). A History of Somerset. Chichester: Phillimore & Co. ISBN 0-85033-461-6.
  15. Body, Geoffrey; Gallop, Roy (2006). Parrett River Trade. Bristol: Fiducia Press. pp. 13–15. ISBN 978-0-946217-25-0.
  16. Wakefield, Ken (1994). Operation Bolero: The Americans in Bristol and the West Country 1942–45. Crecy Books. p. 35. ISBN 0-947554-51-3.
  17. "Wincanton RD". A vision of Britain Through Time. University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  18. "Langport and Huish ward 2011. Retrieved 4 March 2015".
  19. "Langport Railway Cutting SSSI" (PDF). English Nature. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  20. "Wet Moor" (PDF). English Nature. Retrieved 9 September 2006.
  21. Wetland management. Institution of Civil Engineers.
  22. "South West England: climate". Met Office. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
  23. "The Warehouse Trust Langport". Somerset Rural Renaissance. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
  24. Historic England. "The Hanging Chapel (1056615)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 6 November 2006.
  25. "Huish Episcopi Academy" (PDF). Ofsted. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  26. Huish Episcopi Primary School website
  27. Huish Episcopi Primary School Ofsted Report Archived 6 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  28. Historic England. "Church of All Saints, Langport (1056616)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  29. "Church of All Saints, Langport". The Churches Conservation Trust. Archived from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  30. "The Churches Conservation Trust". The Institute of Historic Building Conservation. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  31. "Overd, Emma (1838–1928), folk-singer". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/74829. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  32. Mark Shenton, "20 Questions With... Marti Webb" in What's on Stage, dated 9 February 2004

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