Lava Kusa

Lava Kusa (also spelled as Lava Kusha) is a 1963 Indian Hindu mythological film directed by C. S. Rao and his father C. Pullaiah. The film's script was written by Samudrala Raghavacharya. The film was produced by Shankar Reddy under Lalita Sivajyothi films. The film was shot in both Telugu and Tamil languages with the same title, but with slight differences in the cast. The film was a remake of 1934 film of same name which was also directed by C. Pullaiah. The story is an adaptation of the Uttara Kanda from Ramayana. It revolves around the roles of Lava and Kusa, sons of Rama (N. T. R.) and Seetha (Anjali Devi). The Telugu version stars Kanta Rao, Shoban Babu, S. Varalakshmi, Kaikala Satyanarayana in supporting roles, replaced in that order by M. R. Radha and Manorama in the Tamil counterpart.

Lava Kusa
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	C. Pullaiah C. S. Rao
Produced by	Sankara Reddy
Written by	Sadasivabrahmam (Telugu dialogues) A. K. Velan (Tamil dialogues)
Starring	N. T. Rama Rao Anjali Devi T. L. Kanta Rao
Music by	Ghantasala
Cinematography	P. L. Rai
Release date	29 March 1963
Country	India
Language	Telugu Tamil

Production began in 1958 but was stopped due to financial constraints. When it restarted, C. Pullaiah's health was deteriorating, so his son C. S. Rao took over. The soundtrack features 27 songs, with the musical score primarily composed by Ghantasala and KV Mahadevan, and the lyrics by Vempati Sadasiva and Samudrala Raghavacharya (Telugu) and Maruthakasi (Tamil). The Telugu version of Lava Kusa was released on 29 March 1963, while the Tamil version was released the following month, on 19 April. The former won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu for that year. It was also dubbed in Kannada, and later in Hindi in 1974. This film was later remade with the title Sri Rama Rajyam in 2011.

Plot

This movie is based on Uttara Kanda which is the later part of Ramayana written by Valmiki Maharshi. It depicts the lives of Lava and Kusa, the sons of Sita and Rama. The story depicts Sri Rama Pattabhishekam and the brief period of Rama Rajyam, Rama sending Seeta exile on hearing the accusations of a washerman, Birth of Lava and Kusa, their visit to Ayodhya, Ashwamedha Yagna and conflict between Rama and his sons and Pattabhishekam of Lava and Kusa and Rama finally ending his Avatar.

Cast

Character	Actors in Language
	Telugu	Tamil
Lord Rama	N. T. Rama Rao
Goddess Sita	Anjali Devi
Valmiki	Chittoor V. Nagaiah
Lava	Master Nagaraju	Master Uma
Kusa	Master Subrahmanyam	Master Murali
Lakshmana	Kanta Rao	Gemini Ganesan[1]
Bharata	Kaikala Satyanarayana
Shatrughna	Sobhan Babu
Kausalya	P. Kannamba
Shanta	Sandhya
Bhudevi	S. Varalakshmi
Anjaneya	Sando Krishna
Valmiki's disciple	Ramana Reddy
Wife of Valmiki's disciple	Suryakantam
Washerman	Relangi	M. R. Radha
Wife of washerman	Girija	Manorama
Dancer (Special appearance)	Sukumari
	Sivarama Krishnaiah

Production

Development

A. Sankara Reddy wished to produce a film based on the Hindu epic Ramayana with N. T. Rama Rao and Anjali Devi in the lead roles after watching them play the roles of Rama and Sita in the song "Murisenu Lokamu" from Charanadasi, the Telugu version of the 1956 Tamil language film Mathar Kula Manickam. C. Pullaiah, who was planning to remake his 1934 Telugu language directorial Lava Kusa, agreed to direct it for Sankara Reddy's Lalitha Sivajyothi films.[2] The remake, also titled Lava Kusa,[2] is the first full-length colour film of Telugu cinema.[3] Writer Vempati Sadasivabrahmam, who worked with Pullaiah for Charanadasi, was chosen to write the remake's script.[2] During the process, Sadasivabrahmam stayed faithful to the screenplay and the dialogue written for the original by Vallabhajosyula Ramanamurthy and Balijepalli Lakshmikantham respectively.[2]

The production costs escalated because of Sankara Reddy's decision to make the film in colour. The film's production commenced in 1958 and got stuck due to lack of funds after completion of one-third of the planned portions.[2] After five years, Sundarlal Nahata offered to provide funds in lieu of the film's distribution rights and B. Nagi Reddy provided studio facilities. By then, Pullaiah's health deteriorated and Sankara Reddy approached Bommireddy Narasimha Reddy to complete the film. Narasimha Reddy advised him to consider Pullaiah's son C. S. Rao.[2] Rao was reluctant, opining that nothing dramatic was left for him to film. Pullaiah convinced Rao to take up the task, stating that the emotional scenes in Rama’s palace were of equal importance to the story.[2]

Casting

Lava Kusa was filmed as a bilingual in Telugu and Tamil languages with differences in casting.[2] Anaparthi Nagaraju and Viyyuri Subrahmanyam were cast as Lava and Kusa respectively in Telugu.[4] For the Tamil version, they were replaced by Baby Uma and Master Murali.[2] Subrahmanyam was cast after the makers saw him perform the same character in a play staged in Kakinada. He was a nine year old when the filming began and was 14 when the film released.[3] Unlike Subrahmanyam, Nagaraju acted in a few films before Lava Kusa; Pullaiah offered him the role after observing his work. Nagaraju was eight years old when the filming began.[3]

Kanta Rao was cast for the role of Lakshmana. When the actor was being diagnosed for eosinophilia and became obese, he was offered the role of Shatrughna.[5] Rama Rao insisted Sankara Reddy to let Kanta Rao play Lakshmana,[5] and Sobhan Babu was signed to play Shatrughna.[2] Kaikala Satyanarayana, Chittor V. Nagaiah, and Sando Krishna were chosen to play the roles of Bharata, Valmiki, and Anjaneya respectively.[2]

Filming

The shooting took place at a big mango orchard near Chennai. We used to wake up at 4 am and head to the sets. We would be ready with all our make-up on by 7 am. Both of us used to undergo an hour's training everyday. We even had to learn viluvidya (arrow fighting). I still remember how we used to call our trainer, Sharma master. He painstakingly taught us the art of shooting arrows.

—Nagaraju, in an interview with The Times of India in April 2013.[3]

Pullaiah made Nagaraju and Subrahmanyam undergo training for an hour everyday and memorise the dialogues and lyrics of the songs.[3] Filming used to begin by 7:00 AM and would go on till 9:00 PM. However, the duo was relieved an hour before to ensure that they could sleep properly.[3] According to them, Rama Rao and Anjali Devi were "committed to the core".[4] When none of the crowns designed for him were suitable, Rama Rao used the one he used in Charanadasi which costed ₹140.[2] In a particular scene, Nagaraju was supposed to cry and glycerine was used. When it turned out to be ineffective, Anjali Devi slapped him and the scene was filmed. After its completion, she had to console him for almost fifteen minutes.[3]

The climax sequences were filmed first, and because of delay in the film's production, the child artistes looked much aged in the earlier portions.[3] When the scene of Rama embracing his sons was filmed, Pullaiah arranged two small tables and asked Rama Rao to hug Nagaraju and Subrahmanyam, who were standing on them. The duo stated that this incident was an example of Pullaiah's respect towards the lead character and the state of technology in use.[4] Pullaiah’s associate G. V. R. Seshagiri Rao pointed to him that a pregnant Sita running towards Valmiki would look awkward, and the scene was reshot.[2]

Soundtrack

Telugu songs

Soundtrack was composed by Ghantasala and lyrics by Vempati Sadasivabrahmam, Samudrala Raghavacharya & Kosaraju Raghavaiah.[6]

All the tunes for all the songs for both languages are the same. The film has 37 songs and Poems (Padyam), many are very popular and memorable.

Track list

No.	Title	Lyrics	Singer(s)	Length
1.	"Sri Vidyam Jagatam Dhatri (Shlokam)"	Vempati Sadasiva	Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao	01:14
2.	"Saptashva Rathamarudham Prachandam Kashyapatmajam (Shlokam)"		Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao	01:29
3.	"Navajyotyo (Poem)"		Ghantasala	01:06
4.	"Intaku Bunivachchi Vachiyimpaka Podune"	Vempati Sadasiva	Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao	01:21
5.	"Jaya Jaya Rama Srirama"	Samudrala Raghavacharya	J. V. Raghavulu, Sarojini	01:18
6.	"Ramanna Ramudu Kodanda Ramudu"	Samudrala Raghavacharya	P. Susheela, K. Jamuna Rani	04:15
7.	"Virise Challani Vennela Marala Eenadu Maa Kannula"	Samudrala Raghavacharya	S. Janaki	02:50
8.	"Ravanu Ni Samharinchi Raghuramudu (Poem)"	Samudrala Raghavacharya	Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao	01:21
9.	"Vollanori Maamaa Nee Pillani"		Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao, Jikki, J. V. Raghavulu, Swarnalata	03:37
10.	"Ye Mahaniya Sadhvi Jagadeka Pavitrata (Poem)"		Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao	01:10
11.	"Ye Nimishaniki Yemi Jaruguno Evaruuhinchedaru"	Kosaraju	Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao	04:00
12.	"Jagadabhi Ramudu Sriraamude"	Samudrala Raghavacharya	Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao, P. Susheela, P. Leela, Mallik	03:51
13.	"Enduke Naa Meeda Kopam Emite Ni Paritaapam"		Pithapuram Nageswara Rao, Swarnalata	02:40
14.	"Ramakathanu Vinarayyaa Ihapara Sukhamulanosage"	Samudrala Raghavacharya	P. Susheela, P. Leela	04:28
15.	"Vurake Kanniru Nimpa Kaaranam Eemamma"	Samudrala Raghavacharya	P. Susheela, P. Leela	03:00
16.	"Vinudu Vinudu Ramayana Gaatha Vinudee Manasara"	Samudrala Raghavacharya	P. Susheela, P. Leela	04:14
17.	"Sriraamuni Charitamunu Telipedamamma"	Samudrala Raghavacharya	P. Susheela, P. Leela	05:35
18.	"Sriraghavam Dasharathatmajam Aprameyam"		P. Susheela, P. Leela	04:07
19.	"Srirama Sugunadhama Jayarama Parandhama"	Samudrala Raghavacharya	P. Susheela, P. Leela	03:01
20.	"Sandehinchaku Mammu Raghuramu Premanu Sitamma"	Kosaraju	Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao	03:07
21.	"Ashwamedha Yagaaniki Jayamu Jayamu Jayamu"	Samudrala Raghavacharya	Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao, Madhavapeddi, Raghavulu, Rani, Sarojini	03:24
22.	"Savanaashwambu idi Veeramaata yagu Kausalya (Poem)"	Samudrala Raghavacharya	P. Susheela	01:15
23.	"Hreemkaraasana (Poem)"		P. Susheela	01:33
24.	"Leru Kushalavula Saati Sari Veerulu Dharunilo"	Vempati Sadasiva	P. Susheela, P. Leela	02:33
25.	"Stree Balavrudhula Tega"	Samudrala Raghavacharya	Ghantasala, P. Susheela, P. Leela	01:18
26.	"Sriraama Parandhamaa Jayarama Parandhama"	Samudrala Raghavacharya	P. Susheela, P. Leela, Jamuna Rani	02:25
27.	"Thandri Pampunanegi"	Samudrala Raghavacharya	Ghantasala, P. Susheela, P. Leela	02:36
28.	"Takkani Balakundani"	Samudrala Raghavacharya	P. Leela	00:40 or 02:36
29.	"Rangaru Bangaru"	Samudrala Raghavacharya	Ghantasala	01:41
30.	"Veyara Debba"	Samudrala Raghavacharya	Ghantasala & Jikki	03:17
31.	"Ramaswamy Padambujambulambu"		P. Susheela	05:59
32.	"Raajada Rajadharmamada Ramudu"		S. Varalakshmi	01:28
33.	"Prathi Dinamenu"		Ghantasala	01:24
34.	"Ninu Dattadriki Cherakunda"		P. Leela	01:31
35.	"Kannularaga Tudisari"		P. Susheela	01:02
36.	"Kadagine Manokkaya"		P. Susheela	00:57
37.	"Edhi Mana Ashramambu"		Ghantasala	01:35
38.	"Aapavaada Dooshi"		P. Susheela	01:54

Tamil songs

Soundtrack was composed by K. V. Mahadevan and Ghantasala and lyrics by A. Maruthakasi.[7]

Track list

No.	Title	Lyrics	Singer(s)	Length
1.	"Sri Vidyam Jagatam Dhatri (Shlokam)"	A. Maruthakasi	Ghantasala	01:14
2.	"Saptashva Rathamarudham Prachandam Kashyapatmajam (Shlokam)"	A. Maruthakasi	Ghantasala
3.	"Navajyotyo (Poem)"	A. Maruthakasi	Ghantasala	01:06
4.	"Intaku Bunivachchi Vachiyimpaka Podune"	Vempati Sadasiva	Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao
5.	"Jaya Jaya Raamaa Sree Raama"	A. Maruthakasi	J. V. Raghavulu & Udutha Sarojini	01:18
6.	"Ramanna Ramudu Kodanda Ramudu"	A. Maruthakasi	P. Susheela, Jamuna Rani
7.	"Udhayam Aaanadhe Vennilaa"	A. Maruthakasi	S. Janaki	02:18
8.	"Ilangaiyar Kon Thanai Azhitthu"	A. Maruthakasi	Ghantasala	01:21
9.	"Vollanori Maamaa Nee Pillani"		Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao, Jikki, J. V. Raghavulu, Swarnalata	03:37
10.	"Ye Mahaniya Sadhvi Jagadeka Pavitrata (Poem)"		Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao	01:10
11.	"Indrum Illai Andrum Illai Endrume Illai"	A. Maruthakasi	T. M. Soundararajan	04:00
12.	"Thiruvalar Naayagan Sree Raamane"	A. Maruthakasi	Ghantasala, P. Leela, P. Suseela & K. Rani	03:01
13.	"Thappu Thappunu Thuniyai Thuvaichu"	A. Maruthakasi	Thiruchi Loganathan & L. R. Eswari	03:17
14.	"Jagam Pugazhum Punniya Kadhai 1"	A. Maruthakasi	P. Leela & P. Suseela	03:50
15.	"Maari Pol Kanneer Sindha"	A. Maruthakasi	P. Leela & P. Suseela	01:52
16.	"Jagam Pugazhum Punniya Kadhai 2"	A. Maruthakasi	P. Leela & P. Suseela	03:15
17.	"Jagam Pugazhum Punniya Kadhai 3"	A. Maruthakasi	P. Leela & P. Suseela	05:35
18.	"Sreeraghavam Dasharathathmajam Aprameyam"		P. Leela & P. Suseela	04:07
19.	"Raama Suguna Seelaa"	A. Maruthakasi	P. Leela & P. Suseela	03:01
20.	"Sandhegam Ennamma"	A. Maruthakasi	Ghantasala	03:07
21.	"Vetri Murasu Olikka Seiyyum Aswamedha Yaagaam"	A. Maruthakasi	V. N. Sundharam & K. Rani	03:24
22.	"Veera Maadhaa Kausalyaa Dhevi Petra"	A. Maruthakasi	P. Suseela	01:15
23.	"Hreemkaraasana (Poem)"		P. Susheela	01:33
24.	"Eedu Inai Namakku Edhu Indha Boomiyil"	A. Maruthakasi	P. Leela & P. Suseela	02:33
25.	"Stree Balavrudhula Tega"	A. Maruthakasi	Ghantasala, P. Susheela, P. Leela
26.	"Sriraama Parandhamaa Jayarama Parandhama"	A. Maruthakasi	A. P. Komala, K. Rani & J. V. Raghavulu	02:25
27.	"Thandri Pampunanegi"	A. Maruthakasi	Ghantasala, P. Susheela, P. Leela	02:36
28.	"Takkani Balakundani"	A. Maruthakasi	P. Leela	00:40
29.	"Ponggum Olimayame"	A. Maruthakasi	Seerkazhi Govindarajan	01:41 or 03:01
30.	"Thappu Thappunu Thuniyai Thuvaichu"	A. Maruthakasi	Thiruchi Loganathan & L. R. Eswari	03:17
31.	"Ramaswamy Padambujambulambu"		P. Susheela	05:59
32.	"Raajada Rajadharmamada Ramudu"		S. Varalakshmi	01:28
33.	"Prathi Dinamenu"		Ghantasala	01:24
34.	"Ninu Dattadriki Cherakunda"		P. Leela	01:31
35.	"Kannularaga Tudisari"		P. Susheela	01:02
36.	"Kadagine Manokkaya"		P. Susheela	00:57
37.	"Edhi Mana Ashramambu"		Ghantasala	01:35
38.	"Aapavaada Dooshi"		P. Susheela	01:54

Box-office and Impact

The film ran for 75 weeks uninterruptedly. This is an unbroken record.[8][9] It was released in 26 centres and had a 100-day run in all the centers, which was a record and ran 150 days in all those centers and 175-day run in 18 centres. Due to the huge demand for the film from other centres in Andhra Pradesh, most prints had to be shifted to other centres. It had run for 100 days in 62 centres and 175-day run in 18 centres, grossing more than 1 crore.[10][11] It ran over 1111 days [12]

Awards

• National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu[13]
• Rashtrapati Award- best acting N. T. Rama Rao, Anjali Devi, and Tadepalli Lakshmi Kanta Rao.[14]

Legacy

Lava Kusa is considered a classic of Telugu cinema. In January 2007, M. L. Narasimham of The Hindu listed Lava Kusa with Mala Pilla (1938), Raithu Bidda (1939), Vara Vikrayam (1939), Bhakta Potana (1942), Shavukaru (1950), Malliswari (1951), Peddamanushulu (1954), and Mayabazar (1955) as films impacting society and Telugu cinema.[15] Rama Rao reprised the role of Rama in a number of films over a two-decade career.[lower-alpha 1]

During a programme Telugu Cinema Prasthanam organised by the film society of Visakhapatnam, writer include actor Ravi Kondala Rao placed Lava Kusa among other cult films like Raja Harishchandra (1913), Bhakta Prahlada (1932), Mala Pilla (1938), Devadasu (1953), and Pathala Bhairavi during a speech on the role of Telugu cinema in the hundred years of Indian cinema.[16] Bapu used Lava Kusa's storyline in his 2011 film, Sri Rama Rajyam.[17] Debutant Jaya Sreesivan named his 2015 comedy film as Lava Kusa which had no similarity with the film.[18]

Notes

1. Rama Rao reprised the role of Rama in various unrelated films such as Sampoorna Ramayanam (1958), Sri Ramanjaneya Yuddham (1975) and Sri Rama Pattabhishekam (1978)[8]

References

1. "லவகுசா [முழுநீள கேவாகலர்]" [Lavakusa [Gevacolor Feature]] (songbook) (in Tamil). Lalitha Sivajothi Films. Archived from the original on 7 April 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2016. Alt URL
2. Narasimham, M. L. (13 January 2017). "Lava Kusa (1963)". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
3. Kavirayani, Suresh (18 April 2013). "Celebrating 50 years of Lava Kusa". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 14 January 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
4. Bhaskar, B. V. S. (5 April 2016). "'Lava-Kusa' bemoan fall in values". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 14 January 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
5. Subramanyam, M. V. (17 March 2005). "'Kathula' Kantha Rao on the mark". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
6. "Lava Kusa by Ghantasala — Telugu". Saregama. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
7. "Lava Kusa Tamil". Saregama. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
8. "Telugu cinema celebrity — Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao". Idlebrain. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
9. "Telugu Cinema News - Telugu Movie Reviews - Telugu Movie Trailers - IndiaGlitz Telugu". IndiaGlitz.com.
10. "Lava Kusa (1963)". www.telugucineblitz.blogspot.in.
11. "celebrating 50 years of LavaKusa - Times of India".
12. https://nataratnakalamandir.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/lava-kusa-1963-ntr-anjali-devi-telugucinemasongs-lyrics-copy.jpg
13. "11th National Film Awards". International Film Festival of India. Archived from the original on 2 May 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
14. Ramachandran, T.M. (1973). Film world. 9.
15. Narasimham, M. L. (19 January 2007). "Reliving the reel and the real". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
16. "Call to promote good cinema". The Hindu. 2 January 2013. Archived from the original on 28 May 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
17. "Bapu's Lava Kusa with Balakrishna". Sify. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
18. "Lava Kusa Telugu Movie Review". 123 Telugu. Retrieved 18 October 2015.

External links

• Lava Kusa at IMDb