Leyland Tiger
The Leyland Tiger, also known as the B43,[1] was a mid-engined bus and coach chassis manufactured by Leyland between 1981 and 1992.[2] This name had previously been used for a front-engined bus built between 1927 and 1968.[3][4] It replaced the Leyland Leopard, which had been in production for over 20 years.[5]
| Leyland Tiger | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Leyland |
| Production | 1981-1992 |
| Body and chassis | |
| Doors | 1 door or 2 doors |
| Floor type | Step entrance |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | Leyland TL11 Gardner 6HLXCT Cummins L10 |
| Power output | 170 - 260BHP (TL11) 220 - 290 BHP (Cummins L10) |
| Transmission | Leyland Voith ZF |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Leyland Leopard |
| Successor | Volvo B10M |
History
The Leyland Tiger was released in 1981. Initially only one engine was offered, the turbocharged Leyland TL11, which could be rated up to 260 hp. The Leopard had enjoyed huge success as a bus in Scotland, usually with the Alexander Y-type body, but had lost some Scottish Bus Group orders to Seddon's Pennine 7, owing to Leyland's unwillingness to offer a Gardner engine in the Leopard.
When Leyland launched the Tiger, it continued this same unwillingness, just as Dennis was developing the Gardner-engined Dennis Dorchester, which similarly had the potential to win Scottish Bus Group orders away from the Tiger. Faced with this possibility, Leyland offered Gardner 6HLX-series engines in the Tiger from 1984.[6] To facilitate this, the Tiger chassis had to be modified, as the Gardner engine was significantly larger than the TL11. Although the threat from the Dorchester was successfully warded off, there proved to be a limited market for the Gardner-engined Tiger outside of Scottish Bus Group.
A North American engine, the Cummins L10, was also made an option by 1987.[7][8] The Cummins engine was being specified more often from around 1988, and with this engine, the gearbox would usually be a ZF as opposed to the Leyland Hydracyclic.
Volvo took over Leyland in 1988, and from 1989 the Tiger was offered with the Volvo THD100-series engine (as fitted in the best-selling B10M). The large majority of Volvo-engined Tigers went to Northern Ireland. At around this time, the TL11 and Gardner options were dropped, leaving only the Cummins and Volvo options available.[9][10][11]
Like the Leopard, the Tiger was also sold as a bus. Usually it would have a downrated engine, and leaf springs in place of the standard air suspension.
Operators
The Scottish Bus Group bought batches of Tigers usually with Alexander TS-type bodywork and Gardner 6HLXCT engines.[12] It was also popular with National Bus Company subsidiaries.[13] Shearings purchased many Tigers for use as coaches.[14][15]
The Tiger also proved to be very popular in Northern Ireland, with Ulsterbus and Citybus purchasing 747 between 1983 and 1993.[16] The last Tiger to enter service did so in Northern Ireland in August 1993.
Exports
The Tiger was popular in Australia. The biggest customer for the Tiger was Ventura Bus Lines, Melbourne who purchased 65 Tigers over a five-year period from March 1984, as well as a few more second-hand.[17] Another large purchaser was North & Western Bus Lines, Sydney.[18] Premier Illawarra, Wollongong,[19] Rover Motors, Cessnock,[20] Surfside Buslines, Gold Coast[21] and Thompsons Bus Service, Brisbane[22] all built up large fleets of new and second hand Tigers. A number of three-axle chassis were bodied as coaches.[23] The last Tiger to be bodied in Australia had been imported in 1984, but it was not until 1993 that its owner, Bass Hill Bus Service, had it bodied.[24]
Articulated bus
At least one articulated chassis was built, being bodied by Superior in Australia in June 1987.[25]
Volvo ownership
Leyland Bus was acquired by in a management buyout led by Ian McKinnon in January 1987, and it looked like the Tiger would continue as before.[26] Just over 12 months later in March 1988 Volvo purchased the business, bringing the United Kingdom's two best-selling coaches, the Leyland Tiger and Volvo B10M, under common ownership.[27][28] Volvo was aware that Leyland had a loyal following, and that the Tiger had a good reputation, and so the Tiger continued.
Despite accounting for 50% of all UK bus sales in February 1989,[29] sales slowed and in 1990 in an attempt to shift stock, Volvo had Plaxton body forty chassis. Twenty-five of these bodies were the only Plaxton 321 bodies built, this being the Plaxton derivative of the Duple 320 body acquired when Duple closed.
Volvo acknowledged that the Tiger and B10M were broadly similar, and whereas Leyland had sold 3,500 Tigers since the model's launch, Volvo had sold 20,000 B10Ms during the same period. The penultimate major buyer of the Tiger, Shearings, switched to the B10M for 1991, and Volvo decided to cease production and close the factory at Farington.
References
- Made in Preston home page
- Bus Lists on the Web
- Jack, A.D. (1984). The Leyland Bus (Mark 2). Transport Publishing Co. pp. Passim.
- London TD class Leyland Tiger buses
- Jack, Doug (1994). Beyond Reality. Venture Publications. p. 90. ISBN 1-898432-02-3.
- Gardners for Tigers Commercial Motor 16 April 1983
- Cummins L10 gives more bite to Tiger Commercial Motor 4 April 1987
- Tiger breaks cover Commercial Motor 15 October 1987
- TL11 to be dropped Commercial Motor 28 February 1987
- Royal wave to Lions and Tigers Commercial Motor 12 May 1988
- Irish Transport Trust
- SBG orders 178 buses Commercial Motor 10 October 1981
- Leyland shares NBC order Commercial Motor 5 October 1985
- Peerless order for Leyland Commercial Motor 11 February 1988
- Smith's Tiger double Commercial Motor 23 February 1989
- £8 million Celtic bus order boost for Leyland Bus Commercial Motor 24 February 1987
- Ventura Group Bus Australia Fleet Lists
- North & Western Bus Lines Australian Bus Fleet Lists
- Premier Illawarra Australian Bus Fleet Lists
- Rover Motors Australian Bus Fleet Lists
- Surfside Buslines Australian Bus Fleet Lists
- Thompson Bus Services Australian Bus Fleet Lists
- Aussie Tiger Commercial Motor 10 September 1983
- Transdev NSW Australian Bus Fleet Lists
- Kingsgrove Bus Service & Casula Bus Service Australian Bus Fleet Lists
- Bus buy-out goes through Commercial Motor 2 August 1986
- Volvo Buys British Leyland's Bus Division Associated Press 30 March 1988
- Volvo buys Leyland Commercial Motor 7 April 1988
- Leyland Bus takes lead Commercial Motor 16 March 1989