Lilium canadense

Lilium canadense, commonly called either the Canada lily,[3][4] wild yellow-lily, or the meadow lily, is a native of eastern North America.[5] Its native range extends from Ontario to Nova Scotia south to Georgia and Alabama. It is most common in New England, the Appalachian Mountains, and the Canadian Maritimes.[6] It is also cultivated as an ornamental in Europe and other places.[7]

Lilium canadense
Canada lily[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Liliaceae
Subfamily: Lilioideae
Tribe: Lilieae
Genus: Lilium
Species:
L. canadense
Binomial name
Lilium canadense
Synonyms[2]
  • Lilium pulchrum Salisb.
  • Lilium penduliflorum Redouté
  • Lilium pendulum Spae
  • Lilium peramoenum Farw.

Flowers emerge in June. They are nodding (hanging downward), yellow, orange or red, often with darker spots. The plant has become less common in urban and suburban areas due to heavy browsing by the white-tailed deer.

Description

These plants usually live in moist meadows and wood margins. They can grow up to 0.5-1.5m with yellow, orange or red flowers 50–75 mm wide which emerge between June and July.

Culinary uses

The flower buds and roots traditionally gathered and eaten by North American indigenous peoples.[8]

Conservation status in the United States

It is listed Rare in Indiana, as Exploitably Vulnerable in New York (state), and as Threatened in Rhode Island and Tennessee.[9]

  • Canada lily in Maine
  • Red Canada lily

References
  1. illustration from "A selection of Hexandrian plants, belonging to the natural orders Amaryllidae and Liliacae from Zeichnungen" by Mrs. Edward Bury, Liverpool; painted by R. Havell, circa 1870
  2. "Lilium canadense". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  3. "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2014-10-23. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  4. "Lilium canadense". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
  5. Skinner, Mark W. (2002). "Lilium canadense". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). 26. New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  6. "Lilium canadense". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  7. Alpine Garden Society
  8. Boreal Forest, Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Lilium canadense, Canada Lily
  9. "Lilium canadense". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
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