List of Confederate monuments and memorials in Virginia

This list of Confederate monuments and memorials in Virginia includes public displays and symbols of the Confederate States of America (CSA), Confederate leaders, or Confederate soldiers of the American Civil War. Part of the commemoration of the American Civil War, these symbols include monuments and statues, flags, holidays and other observances, and the names of schools, roads, parks, bridges, counties, cities, lakes, dams, military bases, and other public works.[note 1]

For broader coverage of this topic, see List of Confederate monuments and memorials.

This list does not include items of a more strictly documentary nature, such as historic markers or battlefield parks if they were not established to honor the Confederacy. Nor does it include figures connected with the origins of the Civil War or white supremacy, as distinct from the Confederacy.

As of 24 June 2020, there are at least 241 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Virginia,[1] more than in any other state.[2][3]

Bridge

Buildings

Highways

Monuments

Courthouse monuments

Other public monuments
  • Alexandria:
    • Plaques (1870) of Robert E. Lee and George Washington hang on either side of the altar at Christ Church, where both were parishioners. Following a unanimous vote of its board in 2017, the church announced the plaques would be removed in 2018 once a new location of "respectful prominence" is identified.[15][16][17]
Robert E. Lee hitched his horse in Berryville, Virginia while on his march to Gettysburg
Lee-Jackson Bivouac Shaft, Chancellorsville
  • Chancellorsville: Confederate monuments at the site of the Battle of Chancellorsville include:
    • Jackson Memorial Boulder and Tablet (1888), placed by former members of Stonewall Jackson's staff[20]
    • General Thomas J. Jackson Shaft (1888), "On this spot fell mortally wounded Thomas J. Jackson Lt. Gen. C.S.A. May 2nd 1863"[21]
    • Lee-Jackson Bivouac Shaft (1903), "Bivouac, Lee and Jackson, night of May 1, 1863"[21]
    • Lee-Jackson Bivouac Tablet (1937)[21]
    • Brigadier General Elisha F. Paxton Tablet (1980), "In this vicinity Brig. Gen. E. F. Paxton, C.S.A. Aged 35 years, of Rockbridge County, VA. was killed on the morning of May 3, 1863 while leading his command, the Stonewall Brigade in the attack on Fairview"[21]
Robert Edward Lee, Charlottesville
Thomas Jonathan Jackson, Charlottesville
  • Charlottesville
    See also: Memorial to Enslaved Laborers
    • Robert Edward Lee (sculpture), Henry Shrady and Leo Lentelli, sculptors, 1924. There is no historical link between Lee and Charlottesville, and the City Council of Charlottesville voted in February, 2017, to remove it, and to rename Lee Park, Emancipation Park. This led to the white supremacist Unite the Right rally in August, 2017, in which there were three fatalities. A lawsuit, unresolved as of October, 2018, generated an injunction prohibiting the city from removing the statue or "adding context". The statues were then shrouded in black, but the shrouds were removed in 2018. In the City Council meeting of July, 2018, the name of the park was changed again, to Market Street Park.[22]
      The statue was vandalized with red paint and the words "Native Land", during the night of July 7–8, 2017; this was "just hours ahead of a rally by the Loyal White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan in Justice Park."[23] It was defaced again with the word "FREDOM" [sic]; the vandalism was discovered on February 19, 2019.[24] In April, 2019, a circuit court judge ruled that the statues of Lee and Jackson "are war monuments that the city cannot remove without permission from the state."[25] Whether the statute in question applies retroactively to monuments that antedate the law is an issue headed for the state Supreme Court.[26]
    • Thomas Jonathan ("Stonewall") Jackson (sculpture), by Charles Keck, erected in 1921. Originally the Charlottesville City Council had intended to leave it, but following the violence of the Unite the Right rally of August 10–11 (provoked by the decision to remove the Lee statue), the Council voted on September 5, 2017, to remove it, and the park it was located in was renamed Justice Park. A lawsuit blocked immediate removal or "adding context". The statue was also shrouded in black.[27] Legal action forced the removal of the shroud in 2018. At the City Council meeting of July, 2018, the park name was changed a second time, to Court Square Park. As of October, 2018, the fate of the two statues is unresolved. In April, 2019, a circuit court judge ruled that the statues of Lee and Jackson "are war monuments that the city cannot remove without permission from the state."[27] Whether the statute in question applies retroactively to monuments that antedate the law is an issue headed for the state Supreme Court.[26]
    • University of Virginia Cemetery: Confederate monument (1893), by Caspar Buberl.[12] Justin Greenlee draws a parallel between the erection of this monument, at whose dedication slavery was denied as a cause of the Civil War, and the adjacent cemetery for slaves, which was robbed of bodies for dissection in UVA's School of Medicine and Anatomy.[28]
  • Culpeper County: UDC monument (1929) commemorating Confederate victory in the Battle of Brandy Station[29]
  • Farmville: Virginia Defenders of State Sovereignty Confederate Soldier Monument (1900)
  • Fairfax, Virginia: John Quincy Marr monument, dedicated to the first Confederate officer killed in the Civil War during the Battle of Fairfax Court House (June 1861) Erected 1904.
  • Franklin: Confederate Monument (1911)
  • Fredericksburg
    • Confederate Monument (2009)
    • "The Angel of Marye's Heights" Monument, statue of Sergeant Richard Rowland Kirkland giving water to fallen union soldier. (1965)[30][31]
    • The Heights at Smith Run (2014)
    • Thomas R.R. Cobb Monument and Marker (1888)
  • Glen Allen: J.E.B. Stuart Memorial (1888)
  • Gloucester: Confederate Monument (1889)
  • Goshen Pass: Maury Memorial, stone monument marker (1923)
  • Hanover: Confederate Monument (1914)
Big Bethel UDC Monument, Langley Air Force Base, Hampton
Lebanon, Virginia
Mount Jackson
Lee to the Rear!, Wilderness Battlefield, Orange County, Virginia
  • Orange County: Confederate monuments at Wilderness Battlefield include:
    • Wilderness Battlefield Tablet (1927), UDC monument[21]
    • Colonel James D. Nance Tablet (1912), marks where Nance was killed[21]
    • Texas Brigade Shaft (1964), "'Who are you my boys?' Lee cried as he saw them gathering. 'Texas boys,' they yelled, their number multiplying each second."[21]
    • "Lee to the Rear!" Tablet (1903), "Lee to the Rear! Cried the Texans. May 6, 1864"[21]
  • Parksley: Confederate Monument (1899). Inscriptions read: "They died for the principles upon which all true republics are founded"; "They fought for conscience sake [ sic ] and died for right"; "At the call of patriotism and duty, they encountered the perils of the field and were faithful even unto death." The front of the monument gives this information: "Erected by Harmanson-West Camp Confederate Volunteers in memory of their dead comrades from Accomack and Northampton Counties." The monument was made by Gaddess Brothers of Baltimore of Barre granite, and is about 30 feet tall.[11]
William Mahone Monument at Petersburg National Battlefield
  • Petersburg:
    • Petersburg National Battlefield
    • Hagood's Brigade, a monument in the Petersburg National Battlefield. Text on front: "Here a brigade composed of the 7th battalion, the 11th, 21st, 25th and 27th regiments South Carolina Volunteers, commanded by Brig. Gen. Johnson Hagood, charged Warren's Federal Army Corps, on the 21st day of August 1864, taking into the fight 740 men, retiring with 273. // No prouder fate than theirs who gave their lives to liberty." Text on rear: "Placed here by Wm. V. Izlar, a survivor of the charge, aided by other South Carolinians."
    • Old Men and Boys Monument (1909), in Petersburg National Battlefield. Text: "This stone marks the spot where the old men and boys of Petersburg under Gen. R.E. Colston and Col. F.H. Archer 125 strong on June 9th, 1864 distinguished themselves in a fight with 1,300 Federal Cavalry under Gen. Kautz, gaining time for the defeat of the expedition. // Placed by the Petersburg Chapter U.D.C. May 1909"
    • Mahone Monument, Battle of the Crater, Petersburg National Battlefield (1927), erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy
    • Monument where A. P. Hill was killed during the Third Battle of Petersburg[44]
    • Monument where John Pegram was killed during the Battle of Hatcher's Run[45]
  • Pulaski: In Memory of the Confederate Soldiers of Pulaski County, 1861–1865 Monument (1906)
  • Reams: North Carolina Monument
Memorial Granite Pile, Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Virginia. Photo by William Henry Jackson.
  • Richmond:
    • A.P. Hill Monument, Caspar Buberl, (1892)[46] Defaced with red paint the night of August 21–22, 2018.[47]
    • Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument, Libby Hill Park (1894). Defaced with graffiti in 2015.[48]
    • Hunter Holmes McGuire statue, on Capitol Square. McGuire was a Confederate veteran, Stonewall Jackson's personal physician, and an influential supporter of the "Lost Cause" view of the Confederacy and the Civil War.
    • The Memorial Granite Pile, Confederate Section, Hollywood Cemetery
    • Monument Avenue featured monuments of Confederate leaders.[49] As of December, 2020, the only one remaining is that of Robert E. Lee, which the city could not as readily remove because it is not on city property.
      In 2017, city officials started to hold public meetings for community input on the future of the city's many Civil War monuments and statues.[50] In February 2019, in the midst of controversy surrounding a blackface picture in new Virginia Governor Ralph Northam's medical school yearbook, former FBI Director and U.S. Deputy Attorney General James Comey published an op ed in the Washington Post, suggesting that Virginia should get rid of the Confederate statues in Richmond: "Expressing bipartisan horror at blackface photos is essential, but removing the statues would show all of America that Virginia really has changed."[51] On June 4, 2020, Gov. Northam ordered the state-controlled Robert E. Lee monument removed from Monument Avenue. Further, in June 2020 Mayor Levar Stoney and all nine members of the Richmond City Council announced their support for the removal of the remaining four Confederate monuments from Monument Avenue, when the city gets the authority to do so under a new state law that takes effect July 1, 2020.[52]
      • Robert E. Lee Monument (1890). This is the only monument on Monument Avenue that is on state rather than city property. In November 2017, Virginia governor Terry McAuliffe, in response to ongoing clashes at the monument, issued emergency regulations which make a permit necessary for any meeting with more than 10 people, and prohibiting firearms.[53] On January 6, 2020, the monument of Lee was defaced with the words "This is racist" and Jackson's with the words "God is gay".[54]
  • Roanoke: In June 2020, the Roanoke City Council voted to start the legal process to remove the Robert E. Lee Memorial in Lee Plaza after the July 1, 2020 date when a new state law removes the prohibition against removing monuments to the Confederate States of America.[55]
  • Stephenson: Memorial to Lieutenant Colonel Richard Snowden Andrews and Men of 1st Maryland Battery, CSA (1920)
  • Strasburg: Confederate Monument (1896), Strasburg Presbyterian Church Cemetery[21]
Cedar Hill Cemetery, Suffolk, Virginia
Monument near where Stonewall Jackson's arm was buried, Wilderness, Virginia
  • Wilderness: Monument (1903) near where Stonewall Jackson's amputated arm was buried[21]
  • Williamsburg: Confederate Monument off Penniman Road named for John B. Magruder
  • Winchester: Stonewall Confederate Cemetery, now a section of Mount Hebron Cemetery. Plaque: "Stonewall Cemetery / 3000 Confederate soldiers rest here. / Dedicated 1866."
    • Monument to the Unknown and Unrecorded Dead. Front: "Erected A.D. 1879, by the people of the South / To the 829 unknown Confederate Dead / who lie beneath this mound / in grateful remembrance of their Heroic Virtues / And that their example of unstinted devotion / to Duty and Country may never be forgotten." Left side: "Who they were, none know; / What they are, all know." Rear: "On fame’s eternal camping ground / Their silent tents are spread; / While glory guards with solemn round / This bivouac of the dead."
    • In honor of the women of Winchester, 1999
    • Alabama memorial
    • Arkansas monument, 2011
    • Florida memorial
    • Georgia memorial
    • Louisiana memorial
    • Mississippi plaque, 1998

Private monuments
Turner Ashby Monument, Harrisonburg

Parks and sites
Jefferson Davis Memorial Park at Fort Monroe, Virginia
  • Falls Church: J.E.B. Stuart Park (1961) named for the Confederate General
  • Fort Monroe: Jefferson Davis Memorial Park (1956). Dedicated by UDC,[62] the park commemorates the CSA president's two years of imprisonment in the fort.[63]
  • Fredericksburg: Lee Hill Community Center
  • Roanoke: In June 2020, the Roanoke City Council voted to start the legal process to rename Lee Plaza after the July 1, 2020 date when a new state law removes the prohibition against removing monuments to the Confederate States of America.[55]

Roads
  • Alexandria:
    • Beauregard Street
    • Bragg Street
    • Braxton Place
    • Breckinridge Place
    • Chambliss Street
    • Dearing Street
    • Donelson Street
    • Early Street
    • Floyd Street
    • French Street
    • Frost Street
    • Gordon Street
    • Hardee Place
    • Hume Avenue
    • Imboden Street
    • Iverson Street
    • Jackson Place
    • Janney's Lane
    • Jordan Street
    • Jubal Avenue
    • Lee Street[1]
    • Longstreet Lane
    • Maury Lane
    • Pegram Street
    • Quantrell Avenue
    • Reynolds Street
    • Rosser Street
    • Van Dorn Street
    • Wheeler Avenue
  • Annandale:
    • John Marr Drive
    • Lanier Street
    • Rebel Drive
  • Blackstone: Jeb Stuart Road
  • Bland: Jeb Stuart Street
  • Boones Mill: Jubal Early Highway
  • Bristow: Robert E. Lee Drive
  • Centreville:
    • Confederate Ridge Lane
    • General Lee Drive
  • Chantilly:
    • Mosby Highway
    • Old Lee Road
  • Culpeper:
    • General A.P. Hill
    • General Jackson Avenue
    • General Jeb Stuart Lane
    • General Lee Avenue
    • General Longstreet Avenue
    • General Winder Road
  • Damascus: Jeb Stuart Highway
  • Fairfax:
    • Confederate Lane
    • Mosby Woods Drive
    • Old Lee Highway[64]
    • Pickett Road
    • Rebel Run
  • Forest: Jubal Early Drive
  • Foster: Robert E. Lee Drive
  • Fredericksburg: Jubal Early Drive
  • Hardy: Jubal Early Highway
  • Hopewell: Robert E. Lee Drive
  • Ivor: General Mahone Boulevard
  • Lynchburg: Early Street
  • Manassas:
    • Beauregard Avenue
    • Lee Avenue[1]
  • Martinsville:
    • Jeb Stuart Road
    • Jefferson Davis Drive
  • Mechanicsville: Lee Davis Road
  • Middleburg: John Mosby Highway
  • Natural Bridge Station:
    • Jeb Stuart Drive
    • Robert E. Lee Drive
  • New Market:
    • Confederate Street
    • Lee Street[1]
    • Stonewall Street
    • Stuart Street
  • Petersburg:
    • Confederate Avenue
    • Jubal Early Drive
  • Powhatan: Robert E. Lee Road
  • Purcellville: Jeb Stuart Road
  • Rhoadesville: Jeb Stuart Drive
  • Richmond:
  • Sandston:
    • Carter Avenue
    • Confederate Avenue
    • Early Avenue
    • Garland Avenue
    • J.B. Finley Avenue
    • Jackson Avenue
    • Kemper Court
    • Pickett Avenue
    • Wilson Way
  • Staunton:
    • Beauregard Drive
    • J.E.B. Stuart Drive
    • Stonewall Jackson Boulevard
  • Verona: Confederate Street
  • Virginia Beach:
    • General Beauregard Drive
    • General Hill Drive
    • General Jackson Drive
    • General Lee Drive
    • General Longstreet Drive
    • Hood Drive
  • Waynesboro:
    • Davis Road
    • Pickett Road
    • Robert E. Lee Avenue
  • Winchester: Jubal Early Drive
  • Woodford:
    • Jeff Davis Drive
    • Stonewall Jackson Road
  • Wirtz: Jubal Early Highway

Schools
  • Alexandria: Matthew Maury Elementary School, named for Matthew Fontaine Maury, a commander in the Confederate Navy.[65]
  • Bridgewater: Turner Ashby High School, named for CSA colonel Turner Ashby, the "Black Knight of the Confederacy". The school's football team are the "Black Knights".[66]
  • Bristol:
    • Stonewall Jackson Elementary School (1948)
    • Washington-Lee Elementary School (1968)
  • Fairfax:
    • Fairfax High School phased out its Johnny Rebel mascot, Confederate imagery and flags and renamed the "Confederattes" drill team in 1986 after complaints from black students. They retained the Rebels team name.[67]
    • Lanier Middle School, named for CSA Officer Sidney Lanier (poet, musician)
    • Lees Corner Elementary, named for Lee family (including Robert E. Lee) as owners of Sully Plantation (1986)[68]
    • Mosby Woods Elementary School, named for John S. Mosby and cavalry Mosby's Raiders, school's athletics uses Raiders.

Former or removed monument and memorials

For a list of removed or renamed memorials, see Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials#Virginia.

Notes
  1. "In an effort to assist the efforts of local communities to re-examine these symbols, the SPLC launched a study to catalog them. For the final tally, the researchers excluded nearly 2,600 markers, battlefields, museums, cemeteries and other places or symbols that are largely historical in nature."[1]

See also

References
  1. Gunter, Booth; Kizzire, Jamie (2016). "Whose heritage? Public Symbols of the Confederacy". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved June 17, 2020.
  2. The Associated Press (2017-08-22). "Civil War Lessons Often Depend on Where the Classroom Is". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-08-31.
  3. Schneider, Gregory S (2017-08-27). "In the former capital of the Confederacy, the debate over statues is personal and painful". Washington Post. Retrieved 2017-08-31.
  4. "Lee District RECenter". Fairfax County, Virginia. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
  5. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Alexander W Terrell Memorial Infirmary
  6. Randolph College Campus Map (PDF) (Map). Randolph College. Retrieved June 23, 2020.
  7. Fifer, Jordan (July 5, 2012). "Tractor-trailer crash closes section of Jubal Early Highway in Franklin County". Roanoke Times. Retrieved 2018-06-14.
  8. Sievers, Frederick William (24 October 2017). "Washington County Confederate Monument" – via siris-artinventories.si.edu Library Catalog.
  9. https://slateriverramblings.com/2013/08/20/buckingham-county-the-confederate-monument/
  10. Kuhlthau, A. Robert and Harry W. Webb, The Magazine of Albemarle County History, Sculpture in and around Charlottesville: Confederate Memorialsthe Albemarle County Historical Society, Inc. 1990 pp. 14–40
  11. Vaughn, Carol (August 17, 2017). "Why now? Virginia Shore Confederate monuments draw strong emotions". DelMarVaNow.
  12. "Confederate Monuments". Virginia Center for Civil War Studies. Retrieved August 27, 2018.
  13. Winberry, John J. (1983). ""Lest We Forget": The Confederate Monument and the Southern Townscape". Southeastern Geographer. 23 (2): 107–21. doi:10.1353/sgo.1983.0008. ISSN 1549-6929.
  14. Richardson, Bradford (August 17, 2017). "John S. Mosby, Anti-Slavery Confederate, Throws Wrench Into Monument Narrative". The Washington Times.
  15. "Virginia church relocates memorials to George Washington and Robert E Lee". The Guardian. October 29, 2017. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
  16. Aratani, Lori (October 28, 2017). "Historic Alexandria church decides to remove plaques honoring Washington, Lee". Washington Post. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
  17. Kenney, Shaun (October 26, 2017). "Cultural Terrorism Comes To Christ Church in Alexandria". Republican Standard. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
  18. "Traveler was Tethered on this Spot". Historical Marker Project. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  19. "Major John Pelham Monument". Stone Sentinels. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
  20. "Jackson Memorial Boulder and Tablet". Stone Sentinels. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  21. Sedore, Timothy S. (2011). An Illustrated Guide to Virginia's Confederate Monuments. Southern Illinois University Press. pp. 40, 126–131. ISBN 9780809386253.
  22. "City Council Meeting (video)". July 18, 2018. Retrieved October 25, 2018.
  23. "CPD [Charlottesville Police Department]: Vandalism of Lee Statue Not Caught on Surveillance Camera". WVIR-TV (NBC29.com). July 20, 2017. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  24. Early, John (February 19, 2019). "Charlottesville's Lee Statue Vandalized Again as Lawsuit Continues". WVIR-TV (NBC29.com). Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  25. Vera, Amir (April 30, 2019). "Virginia judge rules Charlottesville confederate statues are war monuments protected by state law". CNN.
  26. Stack, Liam (May 1, 2019). "Charlottesville Confederate Statues Are Protected by State Law, Judge Rules". New York Times.
  27. Associated Press (September 6, 2017). "Charlottesville Council Votes to Move 2nd Confederate Statue". NBC 5 Dallas–Fort Worth.
  28. Greenlee, Justin (September 9, 2018). "'Next up, Charlottesville!': Silent Sam and the Confederate soldier at the University of Virginia". Medium.
  29. "Battle of Brandy Station Monument". Stone Sentinels. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
  30. "Monument to the Angel of Marye's Heights". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
  31. Donald C. Pfanz (Sep 8, 2001). "The Angel of Marye's Heights". Part 33 of a series on the 1862 Battle of Fredericksburg. Fredericksburg.com. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
  32. Brown, Jason J. (April 20, 2010). "Uncovering Hidden History in Hampton Roads". US Air Force - Joint Base Langley-Eustis.
  33. Fisher, Bernard (June 16, 2016). "Big Bethel UDC Monument". Historical Marker Database.
  34. St. John Erickson, Mark (June 9, 2016). "Hampton Group Transforms Site of Civil War's First Land Battle". Daily Press.
  35. "Hampton National Cemetery". U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. August 28, 2017.
  36. Roll, Nick (August 23, 2017). "Robert E. Lee's Namesake". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
  37. "Virginia university to remove Confederate flags from chapel". CNN Wire. July 9, 2014. Retrieved September 6, 2017.
  38. Shapiro, T. Rees (July 8, 2014). "Washington and Lee University to remove Confederate flags following protests". Washington Post.
  39. Toscano, Pasquale S. (August 22, 2017). "My University Is Named for Robert E. Lee. What Now?". New York Times.
  40. "Statues and Monuments at VMI - VMI Archives - Virginia Military Institute". www.vmi.edu.
  41. "Virginia Mourning Her Dead". Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities. Retrieved December 28, 2018.
  42. "Stonewall Jackson Statue: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know". August 15, 2017.
  43. "Major General Stephen Dodson Ramseur Monument". Stone Sentinels. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
  44. "Where A.P. Hill was Killed Monument". Stone Sentinels. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
  45. "Monument to Brigadier General John Pegram". Stone Sentinels. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
  46. McDaniel, Joyce L., The Collected Works of Caspar Buberl: An Analysis of a Nineteenth Century American Sculptor, Wellesley, Massachusetts: MA thesis, Wellesley College, 1976 pp. 107–09
  47. ABC News (August 22, 2018). "Police say Confederate monument in Richmond vandalized".
  48. Daudani, Ray (July 3, 2015). "Confederate Soldier and Sailors monument vandalized". NBC12 (WWBT). Archived from the original on 2018-08-17. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
  49. Leib, Jonathan I. (2016-09-02). "Separate times, shared spaces: Arthur Ashe, Monument Avenue and the politics of Richmond, Virginia's symbolic landscape". Cultural Geographies. 9 (3): 286–312. doi:10.1191/1474474002eu250oa.
  50. CNN (August 18, 2017). "Here are the Confederate memorials that will be removed after Charlottesville". WPTV. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
  51. Comey, James (February 7, 2019). "Take down the Confederate statues now". Washington Post.
  52. Evans, Burnell; Robinson, Mark (June 6, 2020). "A painful week pushed Richmond Mayor Levar Stoney toward a historic decision". Richmond Times-Dispatch.
  53. Haag, Matthew (November 20, 2017). "Virginia Restricts Protests at Lee Monument in Richmond After Clashes". New York Times. Retrieved November 24, 2017.
  54. Manzanares, Keyris (January 7, 2020). "Confederate monuments in Richmond vandalized: 'This is Racist'". WRIC-TV (abc8NEWS).
  55. Berrier Jr, Ralph (June 5, 2020). "Council majority supports removing Roanoke's memorial to Robert E. Lee, renaming plaza". Roanoke Times. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
  56. "Cedar Hill Cemetery" (PDF). National Park Service. September 2, 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-25. Retrieved 2019-01-03.
  57. Jones, Valencia (May 6, 2017). "Largest known Confederate flag raised in Blairs". WSET-TV. Retrieved August 2, 2018.
  58. "NRHP nomination for Turner Ashby Monument" (PDF). Virginia DHR. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
  59. Stewart, Caleb; Hood, John (February 3, 2020). "Confederate monument in Virginia vandalized with red paint". WHSV.
  60. Petersburg Area Regional Tourism Corporation. "Blandford Church and Cemetery". Retrieved April 3, 2019.
  61. "City of Petersburg Tourist Information". Archived from the original on 2015-02-19. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
  62. Dedication Ceremony Jefferson Davis Memorial Park, Fort Monroe, Virginia 5 May 1956. United Daughters of the Confederacy. 1956.
  63. Goodheart, Adam (August 18, 2011). "The Future of 'Freedom's Fortress'". The New York Times. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
  64. "Plan to Rename Stretch of Lee Highway Angers Some (washingtonpost.com)". www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2017-10-10.
  65. Natanson, Hannah (November 22, 2020). "Alexandria turns controversy into opportunity by teaching students the racist history behind school names". Washington Post.
  66. Mattlen, Shane (August 29, 2017). "Outside Charlottesville, a Small Virginia Town Must Deal with Lee and its Legacy". The Open Man.
  67. "Fairfax High says goodbye to rebel mascot". upi.com. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  68. "About Our School". Fairfax County Public Schools. Lees Corner Elementary School. Retrieved 2017-09-27.
  69. Jones, Sandra (2017-08-24). "Henrico students petition to change Confederate-inspired nickname". WTVR.com. Retrieved 2017-08-31.
  70. Brady, Erik (2015-08-20). "At Hurley High, Confederate battle flag is everywhere and means everything". USA Today. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
  71. "Lee's Headquarters monument". Stone Sentinels. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
  72. "Ramseur's Brigade monument". Stone Sentinels. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
  73. Williamson, Jeff (July 16, 2018). "13 Virginia public schools remain with Confederate names". WSLS.
  74. Shapiro, T. Rees (2017-07-28). "A school named after a Confederate may be three letters away from compromise". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2017-09-05.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.