Fairfax, Virginia

The City of Fairfax (/ˈfɛərfæks/ FAIR-faks), colloquially known as Fairfax City, Downtown Fairfax, Old Town Fairfax, Fairfax Courthouse, or simply Fairfax, is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States.[5] As of the 2010 census the population was 22,565,[6] which had risen to an estimated 24,019 as of 2019.[7]

This article is about the independent city surrounded by Fairfax County. For the county, see Fairfax County, Virginia. For the town in Culpeper County, formerly named Fairfax, see Culpeper, Virginia.

City of Fairfax, Virginia
Independent city
City of Fairfax
Old Town of Fairfax City
Seal
Nicknames: 
Downtown Fairfax, Fairfax City, Historic Fairfax
Fairfax City
Fairfax City
Fairfax City
Coordinates: 38°51′9″N 77°18′15″W
CountryUnited States
StateVirginia
Pre-incorporation County Fairfax County (None after Incorporation - Independent city)
Founded1869
Government
 • TypeCouncil–manager government
 • MayorDavid L. Meyer
Area
 • Total6.27 sq mi (16.25 km2)
 • Land6.24 sq mi (16.16 km2)
 • Water0.03 sq mi (0.08 km2)
Elevation
312 ft (95 m)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total22,565
 • Estimate 
(2019)[2]
24,019
 • Density3,849.20/sq mi (1,486.07/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP codes
22030–22032
Area codes703, 571
FIPS code51-26496[3]
GNIS feature ID1498476[4]
Websitewww.fairfaxva.gov

The City of Fairfax is an enclave surrounded by the separate political entity Fairfax County. Fairfax City also contains an exclave of Fairfax County, the Fairfax County Court Complex.

The City of Fairfax and the area immediately surrounding the historical border of the City of Fairfax, collectively designated by Fairfax County as "Fairfax", comprise the county seat of Fairfax County. The city is part of the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as a part of Northern Virginia. The city is 17 miles (27 km) west of Washington, D.C. The Washington Metro's Orange Line serves Fairfax through its Vienna station, which is a mile northeast of the city limits. CUE Bus and Metrobus operate in Fairfax. Virginia Railway Express's Burke Centre station is situated three miles southeast of the city's boundaries. Virginia's largest public educational institution with 35,189 students in 2017 is George Mason University, which is located in unincorporated Fairfax County, along the city's southern border while still having a City of Fairfax address and sharing the same public transportation system.[8]

History
Fairfax Court House, Virginia, with Union soldiers in front and on the roof, June 1863

The city derives its name from Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, who was awarded 5,000,000 acres (20,000 km2) of land in northern Virginia by King Charles.[9] The area that the city now encompasses was settled in the early 18th century by farmers from Virginia's Tidewater region.[10] The town of "Providence" was established on the site by an act of the state legislature in 1805.[11]

The scene of the first land battle of the Civil War, the Battle of Fairfax Court House took place here on June 1, 1861, after a Union scouting party clashed with the local militia with neither side gaining advantage. A second battle took place here two years later on June 27, 1863, where Union troops were defeated. This battle delayed the movements of Confederate cavalry chief Jeb Stuart with disastrous consequences for Lee at Gettysburg a few days later.[12]

Fairfax was officially renamed the "Town of Fairfax" in 1859.[11] It was incorporated as a town in 1874.[11] It was incorporated as a city in 1961 by court order.[11] Under Virginia law the city was separated from Fairfax County yet remains the county seat.[13] In 1904 a trolley line connected Fairfax with Washington, D.C.[14]

Architecture
Piney Branch Mill was part of the Hope Park estate of Edward Payne in the 1800s.

The former Fairfax County Courthouse is the oldest historic building in Fairfax. The first Fairfax courthouse was established in 1742 near present-day Tysons Corner, and is the namesake for Old Courthouse Road.[15] It intersects with Gallows Road, which today is a major commuter route, but at the time was the road where condemned prisoners were led to the gallows at the old courthouse.[16] In 1752, the courthouse was moved to Alexandria, which offered to build the new courthouse at their own expense. The reason the courthouse was moved from the Tysons Corner location was because of "Indian hostilities", as noted on the stone marker at the northwest corner of Gallows Road and Route 123. The courthouse operated there until 1790, when Virginia ceded the land where the courthouse was located for the creation of Washington, DC. The General Assembly specified that the new courthouse should be located in the center of the county, and was established at the corner of what was Old Little River Turnpike and is now Main Street and what was Ox Road and is now Chain Bridge Road on land donated by town founder Richard Ratcliffe.[17] The courthouse changed hands repeatedly during the Civil War, and the first Confederate officer battle casualty, John Quincy Marr, occurred on its grounds.[18] The first meeting of the Fairfax Court was held April 21, 1800.[19]:45

The oldest two-story building in the city, the Fairfax Public School[lower-alpha 1] was built in 1873 for $2,750.[20] In addition to elementary school use the building has also housed special education, adult education, and police academy training.[21][22]:144 On July 4, 1992, the building became the Fairfax Museum and Visitor Center.[22]:156–157 Joseph Edward Willard built the town hall building in 1900 then gifted it to the then town in 1902.[23] The Old Town Hall now houses the Huddleston Library and the Fairfax Art League.[24]

Sites on the National Register of Historic Places
Site Built Address Listed
29 Diner[lower-alpha 2] 1947 10536 Fairfax Boulevard 1992
Blenheim 1855 3610 Old Lee Highway 2001
City of Fairfax Historic District 1800 Junction of VA 236 and VA 123 1987
Old Fairfax County Courthouse[lower-alpha 3] 1800 4000 Chain Bridge Road 1974
Old Fairfax County Jail[lower-alpha 3] 1891 10475 Main Street 1981
Fairfax Public School[lower-alpha 1] 1873 10209 Main Street 1992
Ratcliffe-Allison House 1812 10386 Main Street 1973

Geography

The city of Fairfax is located close to the geographic center of Fairfax County, at 38°51′9″N 77°18′15″W (38.852612, −77.304377). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.3 square miles (16.3 km2), of which all but 0.04 square miles (0.1 km2) is land.[6]

While the city is the county seat, a small portion of the county comprising the courthouse complex, the jail and a small area nearby is itself an exclave of the county within the city.[25][26][27] Fairfax County's Government Center is west of the City of Fairfax.[28]

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
1880376—
18903760.0%
1900373−0.8%
191041310.7%
192051624.9%
193064024.0%
194097953.0%
19501,94698.8%
196013,585598.1%
197021,97061.7%
198020,537−6.5%
199019,622−4.5%
200021,4989.6%
201022,5655.0%
2019 (est.)24,019[2]6.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[29]
1790–1960[30] 1900–1990[31]
1990–2000[32]
2014 4th of July parade dance group Fraternidad Tinkus Wapurys

As of the census[33] of 2010, there were 22,565 people, 8,347 households, and 5,545 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,581.7 people per square mile (1382.9/km2). There were 8,680 housing units at an average density of 1,377.8 per square mile (532.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 69.6% White, 15.2% Asian, 4.7% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 5.9% from other races, and 4.0% from two or more races. 15.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

In 2000 there were 8,347 households, out of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.1% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.6% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.4% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 36.2% from 25 to 44, 27.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $67,642, and the median income for a family was $78,921 (these figures had risen to $93,441 and $105,046 respectively as of a 2007 estimate).[34] Males had a median income of $50,348 versus $38,351 for females. The per capita income for the city was $31,247. About 2.4% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.3% of those under age 18 and 2.1% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

Old Town Fairfax has undergone an extensive redevelopment, which began in 2005.[35] The redevelopment added a new City of Fairfax Regional Library, more than 45,000 square feet (4,200 m2) of retail and restaurant space, more than 70,000 square feet (6,500 m2) of office condominiums, and 85 upscale residential condominium units.[36]

In May 2009, Fairfax was rated as No. 3 in the "Top 25 Places to Live Well" by Forbes Magazine.[37] Forbes commended Fairfax for its strong public school system, high median salary, and a rate of sole proprietors per capita that ranks it in the top 1 percent nationwide. According to the magazine, "These factors are increasingly important in a recession. When businesses and jobs retract, as they have nationwide, municipalities with strong environments for start-ups, and those that offer attractive amenities, are better suited to recover from economic downtimes, as there are more business activity filling the void."

Top employers

According to the city's 2015 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[38] the top employers in the city are:

# Employer # of Employees
1 G4S Secure Solutions[lower-alpha 4] 410
2 Fairfax Rehabilitation & Nursing Center[lower-alpha 5] 400
3 City of Fairfax 397
4 Inova Health System 390
5 Ted Britt Ford 300
6 Zeta Associates[lower-alpha 6] 275
7 Multivision, Inc. 150
8 Rosenthal Fairfax Honda and Rosenthal Volkswagen Fairfax 150
9 Dominion Energy[lower-alpha 7] 150

Annual events
2010 4th of July parade participants Clifton Horse Society and audience
2011 4th of July parade participants Just Klownin Virginia Car Club
  • Chocolate Lovers Festival
The annual Chocolate Lover's Festival is held in the heart of Old Town Fairfax during the first full weekend in February. Events have included craft shows, historic building open houses, children's activities, collections of vendors selling various edible chocolate products, and even chocolate sculpture contests.[40]
  • Fairfax Civil War Day
Every year, during the Spring, a Civil War re-enactment camp is held at the Blenheim estate, a city-owned historical property. The encampment features cultural information about Civil War-era people and practices, military muster, drill, and a firing demonstration.[41]
  • Fairfax Spotlight on the Arts
Each April, the City of Fairfax, in cooperation with George Mason University, Northern Virginia Community College and City of Fairfax schools, sponsors the Fairfax Spotlight on the Arts Festival. The festival runs for three weeks and features music, dance, theater, art and choral concerts. Events take place at venues throughout the city and the colleges.[42]
  • National Trails Day
In June, a National Trails Day is held to celebrate the trails, open spaces and parks in the City of Fairfax.[43]
  • Independence Day Celebration Parade and Evening Show
The largest hometown parade and fireworks celebration in the Washington metropolitan region is held in the City of Fairfax. The day's events include a parade through Old Town Fairfax, tours of historic buildings and local museums, an Old Fashioned Fireman's Day at the Fire Station #3, and a live concert and fireworks display at Fairfax High School.[44]
  • Irish Festival
In September, a festival of Irish and Celtic song, dance and music is held in and around Old Town Fairfax.[45]
  • Fall for the Book Festival
Each fall, the Fall for the Book Festival features readings, discussions, lectures and exhibits from nationally recognized writers and professionals. Festival events are held in the City of Fairfax, at George Mason University, and throughout the metropolitan Washington region. Two community reading programs coordinate with Fall for the Book: "All Fairfax Reads," coordinated by the Fairfax County Public Library, and "Mason Reads" at George Mason University.[46]
  • Fall Festival
A Fall Festival is held in historic Old Town Fairfax on the second Saturday in October. This event includes more than 500 arts, crafts, and food vendors, and is usually held outdoors on the streets of the city. Attendance is about 35,000 to 45,000.[47]
  • The Holiday Craft Show
An annual Holiday Craft Show is held at Fairfax High School on the third Saturday and Sunday of November. The event features hundreds of craft vendors. Attendance is about 8,000 to 10,000.[48]
  • Festival of Lights & Carols
On the first Saturday in December, the city holds a Festival of Lights and Carols. Activities include photos with Santa, caroling, a yule log, hot mulled cider, illumination of Old Town Fairfax, and the lighting of the city Christmas tree.[49]

Local government and politics

As an independent city of Virginia rather than an incorporated town within a county, Fairfax derives its governing authority from the Virginia General Assembly. In order to revise the power and structure of the city government, the city must request the General Assembly to amend the charter. The present charter was granted in 1966.[11] An exclave of Fairfax County is located within the City of Fairfax.[26][27]

Presidential Elections Results[50]
Year Republican Democratic Third Parties
2020 29.7% 4,007 68.0% 9,174 2.2% 302
2016 30.8% 3,702 61.3% 7,367 8.0% 959
2012 41.1% 4,775 57.2% 6,651 1.8% 203
2008 41.2% 4,691 57.7% 6,575 1.2% 132
2004 47.8% 5,045 51.2% 5,395 1.0% 106
2000 49.8% 4,762 45.6% 4,361 4.5% 433
1996 49.4% 4,319 44.7% 3,909 5.9% 517
1992 44.7% 4,333 40.1% 3,884 15.2% 1,476
1988 61.3% 5,576 37.7% 3,430 1.0% 95
1984 65.4% 6,234 34.2% 3,263 0.4% 41
1980 55.9% 4,475 32.7% 2,614 11.4% 915
1976 53.4% 4,174 44.3% 3,464 2.4% 185
1972 67.7% 5,063 30.4% 2,274 1.9% 138
1968 48.7% 2,963 35.4% 2,153 15.9% 968
1964 40.4% 1,924 59.5% 2,835 0.2% 7

Elected officials

In May on even-numbered years, city voters elect a Mayor, six at-large Councilmembers, and five at-large School Board members to serve two-year terms. These offices are non-partisan and at-large, and there are no term limits.[11] City voters also elect the two city constitutional officers: Treasurer and Commissioner of the Revenue for four-year terms. Other elected officials who serve the city elected by city voters include the Sheriff (four-year term), Commonwealth's Attorney (four-year term), and Clerk of the Court (eight-year term). State elected officials who represent the City of Fairfax include the Virginia Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Virginia Senator (34th District), and Virginia Delegate (37th District). Federal elected officials who represent the City of Fairfax include the U.S. President, U.S. Vice President, two U.S. Senators (six-year terms), and one U.S. Representative, 11th District (two-year term).

Mayor arrested for distribution of methamphetamine

On August 4, 2016, then-Mayor Scott Silverthorne (D) was arrested in a sting operation conducted by the Fairfax County Police Department. After receiving a tip that he was involved in drugs-related activities online, a police detective engaged Silverthorne on an online website "...used to arrange for casual sexual encounters between men."[51] The detective then arranged a meeting with Silverthorne and two other men, in which they agreed to exchange methamphetamine. At the meeting in Tyson's Corner, Virginia, detectives performed the exchange and then arrested Silverthorne along with the two other men. He was charged with felony distribution of methamphetamine and misdemeanor possession of drug paraphernalia.[51] He announced his resignation on Monday, August 8, 2016, in a letter to the City Council.[52] Despite news media seizing the salacious "drugs-for-sex" aspect of the story, Silverthorne maintains that he was not distributing methamphetamine "for sex," and he was not tried for any sexual crimes.[53]

Education
Lanier Middle School
Daniels Run Elementary School
Providence Elementary School

Primary and secondary schools
Fairfax High School

The public schools in the City of Fairfax are owned by the city, but administered by the Fairfax County Public Schools system under contractual agreement with Fairfax County.[54] U.S. News & World Report often ranks Fairfax County schools among the best in the country. City of Fairfax schools are Fairfax High School, Lanier Middle School, Daniels Run Elementary School, Providence Elementary School, and Fairfax Academy.[54]

Schools within the city that are not owned by the government include the Boyd School,[lower-alpha 8] Gesher Jewish Day School, Kellar School of Inova Kellar Center,[lower-alpha 9] Lee Highway KinderCare,[lower-alpha 10] Little Flock Christian School, Northern Virginia Christian Academy, Oak Valley Center,[lower-alpha 11] Paul VI Catholic High School(moved in 2020-2021),[lower-alpha 12] The Salvation Army University View Child Care Center,[lower-alpha 13] Saint Leo The Great School,[lower-alpha 14] Trinity Christian School, and Truro Preschool & Kindergarten.[lower-alpha 15][55]

Colleges and universities

George Mason University, the largest university in the Commonwealth of Virginia, is located just to the south of the Fairfax city limits.[56] Mason began as an extension of the University of Virginia in 1949 named the Northern Virginia University Center of the University of Virginia.[57] The Town of Fairfax purchased 150 acres (0.61 km2) for the university in 1958, though the property remained within the county when the town became a city. After several name changes in 1972 the institution became George Mason University.[58] Mason is most known for its programs in economics, law, creative writing, computer science, and business.[59] In recent years, George Mason faculty have twice won the Nobel Prize in Economics.[60] The university enrolls 33,917 students, making it the largest university by head count in the Commonwealth of Virginia.[61]

Public libraries

Fairfax County Public Library operates the City of Fairfax Regional Library in Fairfax. The library includes the Virginia Room, a collection of books, photographs, and manuscripts related to Fairfax County history, government, and genealogy.[62]

Sports

Rugby League

The Fairfax Eagles rugby league team plays in the American National Rugby League.

Infrastructure

Roads
The junction of US 29, US 50 and SR 237 in Fairfax

The intersection of U.S. Route 50 and U.S. Route 29 is located in the northeast corner of the city. The two major highways join to form Fairfax Boulevard for approximately 2.8 miles (4.5 km) through the city before separating. State Route 123, State Route 236 and State Route 237 pass through the city. SR 236 is named Main Street in the city and then becomes Little River Turnpike once the city line is crossed. Interstate 66 passes just outside the city limits and is the major highway serving the Fairfax region. Connections to I-66 from the city can be made via U.S. Route 50 and State Route 123.

Public transportation
A Northeast Regional train at Burke Centre station in August 2010

Rail

Although these stations are located outside city limits, trips to and from Fairfax are served by:

Bus

E-Scooters and Dockless Mobility
  • In February 2019, the city has launched a one-year pilot program for e-scooters and other dockless transportation.[63] Three micro-mobility companies have been chosen to run the pilot, Bird company[64] alongside Lime and Spin.

Notable people

See also

Notes
  1. was Old Fairfax Elementary School Annex, now the Fairfax Visitor Center and Museum
  2. Tastee 29 Diner
  3. Within the county exclave within the city.
  4. originally named The Wackenhut Corporation
  5. Bainum Healthcare
  6. now a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin[39]
  7. originally named Dominion Virginia Power
  8. Montessori School
  9. Special Education School
  10. Daycare / Preschool
  11. Special Education School
  12. Roman Catholic
  13. Christian
  14. Roman Catholic
  15. Daycare / Preschool

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  5. "Old Town Fairfax Feels the 'Love'". NBCUniversal. WRC-TV. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
  6. "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Fairfax city, Virginia". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
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  12. Battle of Fairfax Court House June 1861 and June 1863:
    Poland Jr., Charles P. (2006). The Glories Of War: Small Battle And Early Heroes Of 1861. AuthorHouse. ISBN 978-1-4184-5973-4.:27
    Hartley, Chris J. (2011). Stuart's Tarheels: James B. Gordon and His North Carolina Cavalry in the Civil War. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-6364-0.:123
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  14. Washington, Arlington and Falls Church Ry. Advertisement in Industrial and Historical Sketch of Fairfax County, Virginia. Fairfax County Board of Supervisors. 1907. p. 88. Retrieved February 2, 2014. At Google Books.
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