List of Lake Erie Islands

The Lake Erie Islands are a chain of archipelagic islands in Lake Erie. They include Kelleys Island, Erie Island,[1] Pelee Island, the Bass Islands, and several others. The majority of these islands are under the sovereignty of the State of Ohio in the United States. Pelee Island is the only major inhabited island within the province of Ontario, while the smaller Middle Island is the southmost point of land in Canada.

Lake Erie Islands

Most of the larger islands are popular tourist attractions, served by car ferries running from the mainland and between some islands. Some small airports and numerous private marinas offer other ways for visitors to reach the islands. Combined with nearby Sandusky and Port Clinton, Ohio, the islands are part of the collective area known regionally as "Vacationland".[2]

Geology
Depth map showing the three basins of Lake Erie. The islands are in the westernmost, shallowest basin.
Glacial grooves stemming from the Wisconsin glaciation at Kelleys Island, Ohio

The Lake Erie Islands are geologically part of the Silurian Columbus Limestone. When the Pleistocene ice sheets carved out the basin of modern-day Lake Erie, these hard rocks proved more resistant to erosion than the shales in the east, and as a result, Lake Erie's western end is much shallower than the basins in the east, so that the islands remain above water. Quarrying operations on Kelleys Island revealed glacial grooves in the bedrock, which would in time be regarded as some of the best direct evidence of the Pleistocene ice sheets available anywhere. The glacial grooves are now protected as part of Kelleys Island State Park.[3] [4]

Economy

Most of the islands are supported financially via tourism. Grape growing and wineries were once the mainstay of the economy. Kelleys Island is heavily forested and woods have replaced vineyards there almost entirely. South Bass Island is more developed and still has a few vineyards. Pelee Island is the only major island where vineyards remain common. Limestone quarrying still occurs on Kelleys Island, and also there are a few hobby farms. South Bass, Middle Bass, North Bass, and Kelleys Islands all have active state parks part of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources with North Bass Island State Park being the largest at 593 acres and 90% of North Bass Island (also known as Isle St. George).[5]

Residents

Most of the islands are headed by a small group of year-round residents. However, eager vacationers often raise the populations dramatically during the summer months, most notable on South Bass Island, which is the most tourist-friendly of the islands despite its small size. The islands vary by year-round population of approximately 500 on South Bass Island, 100 for Kelleys Island, 40 at Middle Bass Island and 12 on North Bass Island.

Kelleys Island, Middle Bass, North Bass and South Bass (Put-in-Bay) have active school districts with North Bass Local School District being the last operating one-room schoolhouse in Ohio.[6] Of the islands with year-round residents, only North Bass has no ferry service. Put-in-Bay Township Port Authority operates public airports for Middle, North and South Bass Islands.[7] Kelleys Island and Pelee Island operate paved, public runways and Rattlesnake Island maintains a private grass landing strip.

Lake Erie islands
Map of the Lake Erie Islands.
Alvar habitat on Kelleys Island. Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial is barely visible in the distance on neighboring South Bass Island
Green Island from the air, with South Bass Island in the foreground
NameState/ProvinceArea
sq. mi.[8](km²)[9]		LocationInhabited?[10]
Pelee Island Ontario 16.140 sq. mi. (41.79 km²) 41°46′00″N 82°38′27″W Yes
Kelleys Island Ohio 4.41 sq. mi. (11.42 km²) 41°36′05″N 82°41′51″W Yes
South Bass Island Ohio 2.482 sq. mi. (6.428 km²) 41°38′59″N 82°49′08″W Yes
Middle Bass Island Ohio 1.258 sq. mi. (3.258 km²) 41°40′45″N 82°48′40″W Yes
North Bass Island Ohio 1.076 sq. mi. (2.786 km²) 41°43′00″N 82°49′00″W Yes
Johnson's Island Ohio 0.469 sq. mi. (1.215 km²) 41°29′47″N 82°44′05″W Yes
Rattlesnake Island Ohio 0.133 sq. mi. (0.344 km²) 41°40′45″N 82°50′57″W Yes
West Sister Island Ohio 0.120 sq. mi. (0.311 km²) 41°44′23″N 83°06′19″W No Longer
Middle Island Ontario 0.072 sq. mi. (0.186 km²) 41°40′57″N 82°41′04″W No Longer
East Sister Island Ontario 0.058 sq. mi. (0.150 km²) 41°48′47″N 82°51′23″W No
Sugar Island Ohio 0.047 sq. mi. (0.123 km²) 41°41′31″N 82°49′34″W Yes
Green Island Ohio 0.027 sq. mi. (0.069 km²) 41°38′44″N 82°51′54″W No Longer
Ballast Island Ohio 0.019 sq. mi. (0.049 km²) 41°40′40″N 82°47′07″W Yes
Mouse Island Ohio 41°35′28″N 82°49′59″W No Longer
Gibraltar Island Ohio 0.010 sq. mi. (0.026 km²) 41°39′30″N 82°49′14″W Yes
Indian Island Michigan 41°45′08″N 83°23′27″W No
Hen Island and her "Chickens":
Big Chicken, Chick, and Little Chicken islands		 Ontario 41°47′18″N 82°47′51″W Hen Yes, the "chickens" No
Middle Sister Island Ontario 0.015 sq. mi. (0.039 km²) 41°50′55″N 83°00′03″W No Longer
North Harbour Island Ontario 41°49′30″N 82°51′36″W Yes
Turtle Island Ohio/Michigan 0.002 sq. mi. (0.005 km²) 41°45′09″N 83°23′28″W No Longer
Ryerson's Island Ontario 42°36′08″N 80°16′54″W Yes
Second Island Ontario 42°35′24″N 80°16′15″W No
Starve Island Ohio 0.003 sq. mi. (0.008 km²) 41°37′36″N 82°49′21″W No
Buckeye Island Ohio 41°39′53″N 82°47′25″W No
Lost Ballast Island Ohio 41°40′32″N 82°47′11″W No
Snow Island Ontario 42°34′47″N 80°15′33″W No
Mohawk Island (formerly Gull Island) Ontario 0.015 sq. mi. (0.039 km²) 42°50′02″N 79°31′21″W No Longer
Gull Island, Ohio Ohio 41°39′35″N 82°41′14″W No[11]
Catawba Island
(former island)[12]		 Ohio 5.700 sq. mi. (14.8 km²) 41°33′49″N 82°50′20″W Yes
Gard Island Michigan 41°45′00″N 83°26′32″W No Longer
Presque Island
(former island)		 Pennsylvania 4.863 sq. mi. (12.594 km²) 42°09′47″N 80°06′03″W Yes
Kafralu Island Ohio 41°27′53″N 82°40′25″W No Longer
Bird Island New York 42°53′43″N 78°54′24″W No


See also

References
  1. "Climate of Erie Island, Ohio (zone 8b)". erieisland.simdif.com. Retrieved 2021-01-09.
  2. "Vacationland" history - Sandusky Library
  3. Publishers: (1) Lake Erie Coastal Ohio Trail National Scenic Byway (2) Ohio Chapter of The Nature Conservancy (3) Ohio Sea Grant; Editors: Art Weber, Melinda Huntley of the Ohio Sea Grant College Program, Explore the Lake Erie Islands Archived 2012-02-22 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved September 1, 2014, (see page 5) "...Lake Erie’s shallow, nutrient-rich western basin and the much deeper central and eastern basins....The western basin... dolomite and limestone are more durable than the softer shales ... glacier dug through the stones ... resistance from the dolomite and limestone in the western basin..."
  4. "Kelleys Island State Park". Retrieved 2017-01-07.
  5. "North Bass Island State Park". parks.ohiodnr.gov. Retrieved 2019-08-09.
  6. "7th Generation: Return of the Native: Restoring North Bass Island". ideastream. 2004-07-22. Retrieved 2019-08-09.
  7. "Home". Put-in-Bay Twp Port Authority. Retrieved 2019-08-09.
  8. Land Area - Census.gov
  9. Land Area - Statcan.gc.ca
  10. Population - Middle Bass 2.org
  11. "Lake Erie Island Sites". Middle Bass on the Web. Retrieved 2008-10-25.
  12. "Catawba Island, the Great Peach Growing Center of Ohio" (PDF). Retrieved March 6, 2014.
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