List of Oenothera species

Subdivisions of the genus Oenothera in the Onagraceae (evening primrose) family :[1][2][3]

Section Anogra

Oenothera sect. Angora (Spach) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – western North America in dry, sandy soils in deserts, grasslands, and forest openings, up to 2000 m. elevation.[2]

  • Oenothera arizonica (Munz) W.L.Wagner 1998 – California evening primrose (Arizona & Mexico)[4]
  • Oenothera californica (S.Watson) S.Watson 1876 – California evening primrose
    • O. californica ssp. avita W.M.Klein 1962
    • O. californica ssp. californica
    • O. californica ssp. eurekensis (Munz & J.C.Roos) W.M.Klein 1962 – Eureka Dunes evening primrose
  • Oenothera deltoides Torr. & Frém. 1845 – birdcage evening primrose
    • O. deltoides ssp. ambigua (Munz) W.M.Klein 1962
    • O. deltoides ssp. cognata (Jeps.) W.M.Klein 1962
    • O. deltoides ssp. deltoides
    • O. deltoides ssp. howellii (Munz) W.M.Klein 1962 - Antioch Dunes evening primrose
    • O. deltoides ssp. piperi (Munz) W.M.Klein 1962
  • Oenothera engelmannii (Small) Munz 1931 – Engelmann's evening primrose (south-central U.S.)[5]
  • Oenothera neomexicana (Small) Munz 1931 – New Mexico evening primrose (Arizona, New Mexico)[6]
  • Oenothera nuttallii Sweet 1830 – Nuttall's evening primrose (central North America)[7]
  • Oenothera pallida Lindl. 1828 – pale evening primrose, white buttercup (western North America)[8]
    • O. pallida ssp. gypsophila (Eastw.) Munz & W.M.Klein 1965 – whitepole evening primrose[9]
    • O. pallida ssp. pallida
    • O. pallida ssp. runcinata (Engelm.) Munz & W.M.Klein 1965
    • O. pallida ssp. trichocalyx (Nutt.) Munz & W.M.Klein 1965
  • Oenothera wigginsii W.M.Klein 1962 – (Baja California in Mexico)[10]

Section Calylophus

Oenothera sect. Calylophus (Spach) W. L. Wagner & Hoch 2007 – in North American Great Plains and south to central Mexico.

subsect. Calylophus

subsect. Salpingia
  • Oenothera hartwegii Benth. 1839 – Hartweg's sundrops[13]
    • O. hartwegii ssp. fendleri (A.Gray) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
    • O. hartwegii ssp. filifolia (Eastw.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
    • O. hartwegii ssp. hartwegii
    • O. hartwegii ssp. maccartii (Shinners) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
    • O. hartwegii ssp. pubescens (A.Gray) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
  • Oenothera lavandulifolia Torr. & A.Gray 1840 – lavenderleaf sundrops[14]
  • Oenothera toumeyi (A.Gray) Tidestr. 1935 – Toumey's sundrops[15]
  • Oenothera tubicula A.Gray 1852 – Texas sundrops[16]
    • O. tubicula ssp. strigulosa (Towner) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
    • O. tubicula ssp. tubicula

Section Contortae

Oenothera sect. Contortae W.L.Wagner 1987 – Sierra Nevadas of California, extending just into western Nevada.[17]

Section Eremia

Oenothera sect. Eremia W.L.Wagner 1986 – western North America, with a distribution in the Chihuahuan, Mojave, and Sonoran deserts.[18]

  • Oenothera primiveris A.Gray 1853 – desert evening primrose
    • O. primiveris ssp. bufonis (M.E. Jones) Munz 1965 – large yellow desert primrose[19]
    • O. primiveris ssp. primiveris

Section Gaura

Oenothera sect. Gaura (L.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – beeblossom (includes most of the taxa formerly placed in genus Gaura)[20][21]

subsect. Campogaura
  • Oenothera boquillensis (P.H.Raven & D.P.Greg.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – Rio Grande beeblossom (Texas & Mexico)
  • Oenothera suffrutescens (Ser.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – scarlet beeblossom (western North America)

subsect. Gaura
  • Oenothera coloradensis (Rydb.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 (Nebraska, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico)
    • O. coloradensis ssp. coloradensis – Colorado beeblossom or butterfly plant
    • O. coloradensis ssp. neomexicana (Wooton) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – New Mexico beeblossom
  • Oenothera demareei (P.H.Raven & D.P.Greg.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – Demaree's beeblossom
  • Oenothera filiformis (Small) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – biennial gaura[22]
  • Oenothera gaura W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – (eastern North America, from Ontario to South Carolina and Minnesota to Missouri)
  • Oenothera hexandra (Ortega) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
    • O. hexandra ssp. gracilis (Wooton & Standl.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
    • O. hexandra ssp. hexandra
  • Oenothera lindheimeri (Engelm. & A.Gray) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
  • Oenothera patriciae W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007[3]
  • Oenothera simulans (Small) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007[3]
  • Oenothera suffulta (Engelmann) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007[3]
    • O. suffulta ssp. suffulta
    • O. suffulta ssp. nealleyi (J. M. Coulter) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
  • Oenothera triangulata (Buckley) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007[3]

subsect. Gauridium
  • Oenothera anomala Curtis 1797 – anomalous Oenothera (Mexico)[2][3]

subsect. Schizocarya

subsect. Stenosiphon
  • Oenothera glaucifolia W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – false gaura (southern Great Plains of central North America)[3]

subsect. Stipogaura
  • Oenothera calcicola (P.H.Raven & D.P.Gregory) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
  • Oenothera cinerea (Wooton & Standl.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – gaura-pilosa[24]
    • O. cinerea ssp. cinerea
    • O. cinerea ssp. parksii (Munz) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
  • Oenothera filipes (Spach) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
  • Oenothera mckelveyae (Munz) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
  • Oenothera sinuosa W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – wavy-leaf gaura[25]

subsect. Xenogaura

subsect. Xerogaura
  • Oenothera arida W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – (Texas, Mexico)[2]

Section Gauropsis

Oenothera sect. Gauropsis (Torrey & Frémont) W.L.Wagner 1985 – Wyoming, western Nebraska, eastern Colorado, New Mexico, Kansas and the Texas Panhandle in the U.S. High Plains.[26]

  • Oenothera canescens Torr. & Frém. 1845 – spotted evening primrose[27]

Section Hartmannia

Oenothera sect. Hartmannia (Spach) W. L. Wagner & Hoch 2007 – Generally in Mexico, Arizona, and Texas. But O. speciosa extends into the U.S. Central Plains, and O. rosea extends to the Caribbean, and northern South America.[28]

  • Oenothera deserticola (Loes.) Munz 1932 – (Mexico)[29]
  • Oenothera platanorum P.H.Raven & D.R.Parn. 1970 – Fort Huachuca evening primrose[30]
  • Oenothera rosea L’Hér. ex Aiton 1789 – pink evening primrose, Rose of Mexico
  • Oenothera speciosa Nutt. 1821 – showy evening primrose, Mexican primrose, amapola
  • Oenothera texensis P.H.Raven & D.R.Parn. 1970 – Texas evening primrose[31]

Section Kleinia

Oenothera sect. Kleinia Munz 1965 – distributed over the Chihuahuan, Sonoran, and southern portions of the Great Basin deserts to the Great Plains, from southern Utah to southeastern Montana and western North Dakota, and northern Mexico.[32]

Section Kneiffia

Oenothera sect. Kneiffia (Spach) Straley 1978 – eastern North America, at elevations up to 1900 m.[35]

  • Oenothera fruticosa L. 1753 – narrow-leaved or southern sundrops (eastern North America)[36]
    • O. fruticosa ssp. fruticosa – (more southern distribution)
    • O. fruticosa ssp. glauca (Michx.) Straley 1978 – (more northern distribution)
  • Oenothera perennis L. 1759 – little evening primrose, perennial sundrops (North America)[37][38]
  • Oenothera pilosella Raf. 1820 – prairie sundrops, meadow evening primrose[39][40]
    • O. pilosella ssp. pilosella – (eastern North America)
    • O. pilosella ssp. sessilis (Pennell) Straley 1978 – (AR, LA, TX)
  • Oenothera riparia Nutt. 1818 – riverbank sundrops[3][41][42]
  • Oenothera spachiana Torr. & A.Gray 1840 – Spach's evening-primrose (Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Texas)[43]

Section Lavauxia

Oenothera sect. Lavauxia (Spach) W. L. Wagner & Hoch 2007 – North and South America.

subsect. Australis
  • Oenothera acaulis Cav. 1898 − (Chile)[44]
  • Oenothera centaurifolia (Spach) Steud. 1841 − (Uruguay, Brazil, Argentina)[45][46]

subsect. Lavauxia
  • Oenothera acutissima W.L.Wagner 1981 – Flaming Gorge evening primrose (Utah, Colorado)[47]
  • Oenothera flava (A. Nelson) Garrett 1927 – yellow evening primrose (west & central North America)[48]
    • O. flava ssp. flava
    • O. flava ssp. taraxacoides (Woot. & Standl.) W.L.Wagner 1986
  • Oenothera triloba Nutt. 1821 – stemless evening primrose (North America)[49]

Section Leucocoryne

Oenothera sect. Leucocoryne W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – from southern Texas, through northern Mexico to the Trans-Volcanic Belt of central Mexico, southward to Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.[2]

  • Oenothera dissecta A. Gray ex S. Wats. 1885 - (Chihuahuan Desert)[50]
  • Oenothera kunthiana Munz 1932 - (southern Texas to Costa Rica)[51]
  • Oenothera luciae-julianiae W.L.Wagner 2004 - (Mexico)
  • Oenothera orizabae W.L.Wagner 2004 - (Mexico)
  • Oenothera tetraptera Cav. 1796 - (Mexico, southern Texas)[52]

Section Megapterium

Oenothera sect. Megapterium (Spach) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – distributed in south-central North America.

Section Oenothera

Oenothera sect. Oenothera – distributed from Canada to Panama.[57]

subsect. Candela

subsect. Emersonia
  • Oenothera macrosceles A.Gray 1849 – (Chihuahuan Desert)[2]
  • Oenothera maysillesii Munz 1960 – (Durango)
  • Oenothera organensis Munz 1938 – (New Mexico)
  • Oenothera stubbei W.Dietr., P.H.Raven & W.L.Wagner 1978 – (Nuevo León)

subsect. Munzia

 series Allochroa

  • Oenothera affinis Cambess. 1829 – (Bolivia, Brazil, Chile)
  • Oenothera arequipensis Munz & I M.Johnst. 1925 – (Chile)
  • Oenothera bahia-blancae W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina)
  • Oenothera catharinensis Cambess. 1829 – (Brazil)
  • Oenothera coquimbensis Gay 1847 – (Chile)
  • Oenothera featherstonei Munz & I.M.Johnst. 1925 – (Peru)
  • Oenothera indecora Cambess. 1830
    • O. indecora ssp. boliviensis W.Dietr. 1978
    • O. indecora ssp. bonariensis W.Dietr. 1978
    • O. indecora ssp. indecora
  • Oenothera mendocinensis Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. 1833 – (Argentina)
  • Oenothera mollissima L. 1753 – (Brazil)
  • Oenothera montevidensis W.Dietr. 1978 – (Uruguay)
  • Oenothera odorata Jacq. 1795 – (Argentina, Chile)
  • Oenothera parodiana Munz 1933[60]
    • O. parodiana ssp. brasiliensis W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay)
    • O. parodiana ssp. parodiana – (Argentina)
    • O. parodiana ssp. strigulosa W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina)
  • Oenothera picensis Phil. 1891[61]
    • O. picensis ssp. bonariensis W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina)
    • O. picensis ssp. cordobensis W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina)
    • O. picensis ssp. picensis – (Chile)
  • Oenothera ravenii W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay)[62]
    • O. ravenii ssp. argentinae W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina, Brazil)
    • O. ravenii ssp. chilensis W.Dietr. 1978 – (Chile)
    • O. ravenii ssp. ravenii – (Brazil)
  • Oenothera stricta Ledeb. ex Link 1821[63]
    • O. stricta ssp. altissima W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina)
    • O. stricta ssp. argentinae W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina)
    • O. stricta ssp. stricta – (Chile)

 series Clelandia

  • Oenothera elongata Rusby 1893 – (Bolivia, Peru)
  • Oenothera punae Kuntze 1898 – (Bolivia)
  • Oenothera siambonensis W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina)
  • Oenothera villaricae W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina, Chile)

 series Renneria

  • Oenothera longituba W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina)
  • Oenothera nana Griseb. 1874 – (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru)
  • Oenothera pedunculifolia W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina)
  • Oenothera peruana W.Dietr. 1978 – (Chile, Peru)
  • Oenothera sandiana Hassk. 1856 – (Chile, Ecuador)
  • Oenothera santarii W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina)
  • Oenothera scabra K.Krause 1905[64]
    • O. scabra ssp. scabra – (Bolivia, Peru)
    • O. scabra ssp. ucrosensis W.Dietr. 1978 – (Peru)
  • Oenothera tafiensis W.Dietr. 1978[65]
    • O. tafiensis ssp. parviflora W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina)
    • O. tafiensis ssp. tafiensis – (Argentina)
  • Oenothera tarijensis W.Dietr. 1978 – (Bolivia)
  • Oenothera versicolor Lehm. 1855 – (Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru)

subsect. Nutantigemma
  • Oenothera breedlovei W.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner 1987 - (Mexico)
  • Oenothera pennellii Munz 1939 - (Mexico)
  • Oenothera pubescens Willd. ex Spreng. 1825 – South American evening primrose (southwestern U.S to western South America)
  • Oenothera tamrae W.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner 1987 - (Mexico)

subsect. Oenothera
  • Oenothera argillicola Mack. 1904 – shale-barren evening primrose (MD, PA, VA, WV)[66]
  • Oenothera biennis L. 1753 – common evening primrose (North America)
  • Oenothera elata Kunth 1823 – Hooker's evening primrose (western North America)
    • O. elata ssp. elata – (Mexico, Central America)
    • O. elata ssp. hirsutissima (A.Gray ex S.Watson) W.Dietr. 1983 – (western U.S.)
    • O. elata ssp. hookeri (Torr. & A.Gray) W.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner 1987
    • O. elata ssp. texensis W.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner 1987 – (Texas)
  • Oenothera glazioviana Micheli 1875 – red-sepal evening primrose (North America)[67]
  • Oenothera grandiflora L’Hér. 1789 – large-flower evening primrose (eastern North America)
  • Oenothera jamesii Torr. & A.Gray 1840 – trumpet evening primrose (Mexico, KS, OK, TX)[68]
  • Oenothera longissima Rydb. 1913 – long-stem evening primrose (southwestern North America)
  • Oenothera nutans G.F.Atk. & Bartlett 1913 – nodding evening primrose (eastern North America)[69]
  • Oenothera oakesiana (A.Gray) J.W.Robbins ex S.Watson 1890 – Oakes' evening primrose (eastern North America)[70]
  • Oenothera parviflora L. – northern evening primrose (North America)
  • Oenothera villosa Thunb. 1794 – hairy evening primrose (North America)
    • O. villosa ssp. strigosa (Rydb.) W. Dietr. & P.H. Raven 1977
    • O. villosa ssp. villosa
  • Oenothera wolfii (Munz) P.H.Raven W.Dietr. & Stubbe 1980 – Wolf's evening primrose (California)

subsect. Raimannia
  • Oenothera drummondii Hook. 1834 – beach evening primrose[71]
    • O. drummondii ssp. drummondii – (Atlantic coast, North Carolina to Mexico)
    • O. drummondii ssp. thalassaphila (Brandegee) W.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner 1987 – (southern Baja California coast)
  • Oenothera falfurriae W.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner 1987 – royal evening primrose (southeastern Texas)[72]
  • Oenothera grandis (Britton) Smyth 1899 – showy evening primrose (U.S. & Mexico)
  • Oenothera humifusa Nutt. 1818 – sea-beach evening primrose (southeast U.S.)
  • Oenothera laciniata Hill 1767 – cutleaf evening primrose (North & South America)
    • O. laciniata ssp. laciniata
    • O. laciniata ssp. pubescens (Willd. ex Spreng.) Munz 1965 – (Ecuador)[73]
  • Oenothera mexicana Spach 1835 – Mexican evening primrose (southeastern Texas)[74]

Section Pachylophus

Oenothera sect. Pachylophus (Spach) W.L.Wagner 2005 – western North America.

  • Oenothera brandegeei (Munz) P.H.Raven 1970 – (near Bahia de los Angeles)[75]
  • Oenothera cavernae Munz 1941 – cave-dwelling evening primrose (AZ, NV, UT)
  • Oenothera cespitosa Nutt.1813
    • O. cespitosa ssp. cespitosa – tufted evening primrose (western North America)
    • O. cespitosa ssp. crinita (Rydb.) Munz 1965 – tufted evening primrose (southwest North America)
    • O. cespitosa ssp. macroglottis (Rydb.) W.L.Wagner, Stockh. & W.M.Klein 1983 – tufted evening primrose (CO, NM, UT, WY)
    • O. cespitosa ssp. marginata (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) Munz 1965 – tufted evening primrose
    • O. cespitosa ssp. navajoensis W.L.Wagner, Stockh, & W.M.Klein 1985 – Navajo evening primrose (AZ, NM, NV, UT)
  • Oenothera harringtonii W.L.Wagner, Stockh. & W.M.Klein 1983 – Colorado Springs evening primrose (Colorado)
  • Oenothera psammophila (A.Nels. & J.F.Macbr.) W.L.Wagner, Stockh. & W.M.Klein 1985 – St. Anthony Dunes evening primrose (Idaho)

Section Paradoxus

Oenothera sect. Paradoxus W. L. Wagner 1984 – distribution within the Chihuahuan Desert.[76]

  • Oenothera havardii S.Watson 1885 − Havard's evening primrose (Arizona, Texas)

Section Peniophyllum

Oenothera sect. Peniophyllum (Pennell) Munz 1937 – The single species is found in the southeastern U.S.

Section Ravenia

Oenothera sect. Ravenia W.L.Wagner 1986 – within Mexico.[78]

  • Oenothera muelleri Munz 1937 – (northeast Mexico)
  • Oenothera riskindii W.L.Wagner 2005 – (Coahuila)
  • Oenothera tubifera Ser. 1828[79]
    • O. tubifera ssp. macrocarpa W.L.Wagner 2005 – (Durango)
    • O. tubifera ssp. tubifera

Section Xanthocoryne

Oenothera sect. Xanthocoryne W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – from central Mexico to northern South America.[80]

  • Oenothera epilobiifolia Kunth 1823 – (Colombia, Mexico)
    • O. epilobiifolia ssp. cuprea (Schlecht.) P.H.Raven & D.R.Parn. 1970
    • O. epilobiifolia ssp. epilobiifolia – (Venezuela)
  • Oenothera multicaulis Ruíz & Pav. 1802 – (South America)
  • Oenothera seifrizii Munz 1937 – (Colombia, Venezuela)

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  52. O. tetraptera Wagner, W. L. and P. C. Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family 2011-12-09
  53. O. brachycarpa, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Profile, 2010-12-09
  54. O. howardii, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Profile, 2011-12-09
  55. O. macrocarpa Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-09
  56. O. macrocarpa, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Profile, 2011-12-09
  57. O. sect. Oenothera Wagner, W. L. and P. C. Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family 2011-12-08
  58. O. clelandii Prairie Wildflowers of Illinois 2011-12-08
  59. O. heterophylla, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Profile, 2011-12-09
  60. O. parodiana Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-10
  61. O. picensis Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-10
  62. O. ravenii Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-10
  63. O. stricta Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-10
  64. O. scabra Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-10
  65. O. tafiensis Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-10
  66. O. argillicola, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Profile, 2011-12-10
  67. O. glazioviana, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Profile, 2011-12-10
  68. O. jamesii, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Profile, 2011-12-10
  69. O. nutans, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Profile, 2011-12-10
  70. O. oakesiana, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Profile, 2011-12-10
  71. O. drummondii Wagner, W.L. and P.C. Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family. 2011-12-10
  72. O. falfurriae Wagner, W.L. and P.C. Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family. 2011-12-10
  73. O. laciniata ssp. pubescens Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-10
  74. O. mexicana Wagner, W.L. and P.C.Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family. 2011-12-10
  75. O. brandegeei Wagner, W.L. and P.C.Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family 2011-12-10
  76. O. sect. Paradoxus Wagner, W.L. and P.C.Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family. 2011-12-10
  77. O linifolia, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Profile, 2011-12-11
  78. O. sect. Ravenia Wagner, W.L. and P.C.Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family. 2011-12-10
  79. O. tubifera Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-10
  80. O. sect. Xanthocoryne Wagner, W.L. and P.C.Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family. 2011-12-10
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