List of Riverside County, California, placename etymologies

This is a list of geographic place names, or toponyms, in Riverside County, California. The county itself was named for the city of Riverside, the county seat, which in turn was named for its location beside the Santa Ana River.

Municipalities

Name	Coordinates	Origin	Comments
Banning	33.926°N 116.876°W	The town was initially named Moore City, for and by Ransom B. Moore. As an early pioneer of El Monte, California, Moore had served as a Los Angeles County Supervisor in 1860. Moore established a cattle ranch in the San Gorgonio Pass in 1865, and shortly after the Southern Pacific Railroad was ran through the pass in 1876, Moore laid out plans for an eponymously named town along the tracks. Within only a few months the name of the town was changed to Banning in honor of Phineas Banning, who had operated a stagecoach through the area, pastured sheep in the pass, but who is best known for being the ″Father of the Port of Los Angeles″.[1]	The circumstances on how the town was renamed are uncertain. Welwood Murry, a friend of Banning, is often credited for renaming the town, however, there are correspondence from one of Moore′s daughters that indicate Moore himself had chosen to rename the town in honor of Banning. After selling his ranch in the San Gorgonio Pass in 1883, Moore started a new ranch in the Arizona Territory, where he became a Territorial Legislator.[2]
Beaumont	33.929°N 116.977°W	When the first stagecoach lines began service through the San Gorgonio Pass in 1862, much of the land around Beaumont had been purchased by William F. Edgar, who had participated in an earlier survey of the Pass. A stagecoach station named for him, Edgar Station, was established. When the Southern Pacific Railroad established a station and telegraph office at the Beaumont location in 1875, they named it Summit, or Summit Station. This was in recognition of the fact that Beaumont is at the summit of the San Gorgonio Pass.[3][4] In 1884 George C. Egan of Banning purchased the railroad′s odd numbered sections of land in the Beaumont area. He laid out a townsite that he named San Gorgonio. In 1887 the Southern California Investment Company, managed by Henry C. Sigler, purchased the town from Egan. Sigler renamed the town Beaumont, French for ″beautiful mountain″.[5][6] The name was likely chosen for the town′s view of the 10,834 foot (3,302 m) Mount San Jacinto.[7]	Local lore has perpetuated the idea that Sigler named Beaumont after his hometown of Beaumont, Texas. Historian Steve Lech has suggested this cannot be accurate, as Sigler was born in Licking County, Ohio. Sigler then pursued a banking career in Osceola, Iowa, before he relocated to Los Angeles, California in the mid 1880s. Beaumont, Texas was not Sigler′s hometown, and it does not appear he ever lived there.[7]
Blythe	33.611°N 114.559°W	Blythe was named after Thomas Henry Blythe (1822–1883), a San Francisco businessman and entrepreneur, who established primary water rights to the Colorado River in the southwestern California region in 1877. Originally named Blythe City, by Thomas Blythe himself, the name was shortened to simply Blythe around the time the first post office was opened in 1908.[8]
Calimesa	34.003°N 117.059°W	Initially referred to as South Yucaipa, or South Bench, the South Mesa Social Club held a contest in 1927 to rename the town. Area residents, in Riverside County, wanted to distinguish themselves from their northern neighbor Yucaipa, in San Bernardino County. H. E. Church, a Redlands dentist, was awarded the $15 prize for the winning entry of Calimesa. He donated the prize to the newly formed Calimesa Chamber of Commerce.[9] Gunther states that the name was actually coined by Martha Church, the dentist′s wife. Cali, thought to mean ″hot″, was taken from the first part of California and combined with mesa, meaning tableland.[10]
Canyon Lake	33.674°N 117.261°W	The town is named after the reservoir it is built around. Initially the reservoir was known as Railroad Canyon Reservoir, or Railroad Canyon Lake, but now the reservoir and the community are referred to by the shortened form, Canyon Lake.	See Railroad Canyon on list of topographic place names.
Cathedral City	33.780°N 116.465°W	Cathedral City′s name is derived from Cathedral Canyon located to the south of the city in the foothills of the Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument. The canyon is said to have been named for rock formations in the canyon that looked reminiscent of a cathedral.[11] At times the city has also been referred to using the ″unappreciated″ name Cat City.[12]	See Cathedral Canyon on list of topographic place names.
Coachella
Corona	33.8667°N 117.5667°W	Corona is Spanish for crown or wreath. Originally called South Riverside, citizens wanted to distinguish their city from the larger city of Riverside to the north. When it came time to incorporate the city a number of different names were considered, but the name Corona was chosen to play upon a unique feature of the city, the one–mile diameter drive that circled the center of the town. The circular road also contributed to another informal name for the city, Circle City.[13][14]
Desert Hot Springs	33.961°N 116.502°W	Named for the many natural hot springs in and around the city.[15][16]
Eastvale	33.964°N 117.564°W
Hemet	33.734°N 116.997°W	The city of Hemet received its name from the Lake Hemet Land Company. The company was formed in January, 1887, with the intent to ″buy, improve, hold, and sell land in San Diego County, California″.[17] Between 1887 and 1893 the company advertised extensively offering land in South San Jacinto,[18] which was still part of San Diego County until May, 1893. When the company filed a map for the South San Jacinto area in November, 1893, they named the new town Hemet.[19] The town was incorporated January 20, 1910.	The Lake Hemet Land Company was formed at the same time as the Lake Hemet Water Company. Both companies were established by the same investors. The two companies took their name from Hemet Valley, the location where the water company would build the dam to form the Lake Hemet reservoir. See Hemet on list of topographic place names.
Indian Wells	33.719°N 116.308°W	Indian Wells was given its name because the local Desert Cahuilla Indians had established water wells in the area.[20] The wells themselves were named Pal Kavinic, meaning water hole in the Cahuilla language, and Palma Seca, meaning dry palm in Spanish. The city was incorporated July 14, 1967.[21]
Indio	33.721°N 116.2156°W	Indio is Spanish for the word indian. Originally the site of the Indian Wells railroad station, the station was renamed the Indio railroad station in 1877 by the Southern Pacific Company, because another station on the same rail line was also named the Indian Wells station. In 1888 a plat map for Indio was filed for the town that had developed around the Indio railway station, and the city of Indio was incorporated on May 16, 1930.[22]	See also Indian Wells.
Jurupa Valley
Lake Elsinore
Menifee
Moreno Valley
Murrieta
Norco	33.9311°N 117.5486°W	Just north of the city of Corona, Norco is an abbreviation of North Corona. Rex B. Clark, the key figure in Norco′s founding, is credited for coining the term.[23]	See also Corona.
Palm Desert	33.738°N 116.370°W	Palm Desert was the name of the original subdivision south of highway 111, and Palm Village was the name of the subdivision north of the highway.[24] In November, 1950, the two subdivisions were merged into one town named Palm Desert.[25] The town was incorporated November 26, 1973.
Palm Springs	33.830°N 116.545°W	The precise origin of the name Palm Springs is uncertain. The use of the word ″Springs″ is a reference to the natural hot spring in the cities downtown area, but the origin of the word palm is disputed. One possible source of palm comes from early Spanish explorers who referred to the Palm Springs area as La Palma de la Mano de Dios or The Palm of God′s hand.[26] However, according to William Bright, when the word ″palm″ appears in Californian place names, it usually refers to the native California fan palm, Washingtonia filifera, which is abundant in the Palm Springs area.[27] The earliest use of the name ″Palm Springs″ is from United States Topographical Engineers who used the term in 1853 maps.[28]
Perris
Rancho Mirage
Riverside	33.948°N 117.396°W	In September, 1870, the Southern California Colony Association of Jurupa was formed, and they purchased the land and water rights necessary to establish a new colony along the Santa Ana River. Initially they referred to the new town as Jurupa, the name of the original 1838 Mexican land grant their land had been partitioned from. To emphasize the fact that the new town was located near a water source, in a somewhat arid region, the founders voted to officially name the new town Riverside on December 18, 1870.[29][30]
San Jacinto
Temecula
Wildomar

Topographic place names

Name	Coordinates	Origin	Comments
Agua Caliente	33.8235°N 116.5448°W	Meaning ″hot water″ in Spanish, the term was used to refer to the hot spring in downtown Palm Springs when the Spanish arrived in the area. The term was later used in reference to the community that developed around the spring before the town was incorporated and renamed Palm Springs.	See also Sec–he.
Annie Orton Canyon	NA	See Railroad Canyon.
Banning Pass	See San Gorgonio	The city of Banning is located within the San Gorgonio Pass resulting in the pass sometimes being referred to as the Banning Pass.	For the origin of the name Banning, see Banning in list of Municipalities.
Bernasconi	Bay (or Cove) 33.8486°N 117.1658°W Beach 33.8466°N 117.1664°W Hills 33.8464°N 117.1544°W Pass (and Road) 33.8408°N 117.1617°W	The Bernasconi Hills and Bernasconi Pass were named for Bernardo Bernasconi (1839–1923), a native of Switzerland, and an early pioneer of Riverside County, who purchased 284 acres of land in 1878 along the San Jacinto River, near what is now Lakeview. Bernasconi developed a sheep ranch on the land, named it Sulphur Springs Ranch, and in 1883 married Marcellini Orsi in San Francisco. After they married, Bernasconi and his wife made the ranch their home. Marcellini developed the hot springs in the area and called them Bernasconi Hot Springs.[31] When the Lake Perris reservoir was formed in 1973, the western side of the pass was flooded, but the beach, and a small cove, at the base of the hills were named Bernasconi Beach and Bernasconi Bay.
Blythe Intaglios	33.8003°N 114.5383°W	The Blythe Intaglios or Geoglyphs are a group of over 200 ground drawings located in the Colorado Desert. They received their name for their proximity to the city of Blythe.	See Blythe on list of municipalities.
Bradshaw Trail	Western end 33.562°N 115.589°W Eastern end 33.493°N 114.741°W	Today′s Bradshaw Trail is a remnant of the much longer Bradshaw Road, also known as the Gold Road, or Road to La Paz. When gold was discovered near La Paz, Arizona, it prompted William D. Bradshaw to map a route through the Colorado Desert between San Bernardino, California and La Paz. He primarily followed old Cahuilla Indian trading routes, and to cross the Colorado River, he and a partner set up a ferry operation. After an account of his trek was published on June 14, 1862, the road quickly became well traveled by gold seekers, stagecoach lines, and others.[32] For a while the trail picked up the name Butterfield Road, after the Butterfiled stagecoach company, but on May 21, 1974, the Riverside County Board of supervisors officially named it the Bradshaw Trail.[33]
Cathedral Canyon	33.723°N 116.474°W	While performing a survey for the United States government in 1850, the canyon is said to have been named by U.S. Army Colonel Henry Washington, a nephew of President George Washington, after deciding rock formations in the canyon looked reminiscent of a cathedral.[11] A flood in August, 1946, significantly altered the cathedral–like features of the canyon.[34]	Jane Davies Gunther, in her book Riverside County, California Place Names; Their Origins and Their Stories, casts doubt on whether Colonel Washington actually named the canyon. None of his survey records, or the subsequent survey records by John La Croze in 1856, or by Carl R. and Marvin Caudle in 1903, mention the canyon by name. The name Cathedral Canyon first appears on the 1904 U.S. Geological Survey Indio Special Map.[35]
Coachella Valley	Southeast end 33.406°N 116.040°W Northwest end 33.97°N 116.62°W
Devils Garden	34.018°N 116.599°W	Devils Garden received its name because at one time it was a ″tangled mass of boulders, cactus, and desert growth″.[36]	Devils Garden is known for its variety of cacti and succulents. The Devils Garden hiking trail winds through the area. Much of the old growth was lost due to poaching and fire.[37]
Edgar Station	NA	See Beaumont on list of municipalities.
Fertilla	33.6686°N 114.5966°W	Fertilla was a town about 4 miles (6.4 km) north of Blythe on the eastern side of the Ripley branch line of the California Southern Railway. The name was coined by James ″Skinny″ Walsh, who had been a Santa Fe Railroad conductor, and was meant to emphasize the fertileness of the Palo Verde Valley . [38] The name became official when the post office in Mesaville was moved to Fertilla in March, 1914.[39] A map of the town was filed in December, 1916. [40] By 1955 the townsite was abandoned and overgrown. [41]	A map for North Fertilla, on the west side of the California Southern Railway, was filed in May, 1918, but that townsite was also abandoned.[42]
Garner Valley	Mouth 33.6800°N 116.6783°W Source 33.6158°N 116.6294°W	Originally known as Hemet Valley (see Hemet), then Thomas Valley (see Thomas), the name Garner Valley was adopted over time after Robert F. Garner purchased the Thomas ranch in 1905, and renamed the ranch Garner Ranch. The name was used as early as 1917 when the Automobile Club of Southern California posted signs on the main road through the valley.[43]
Hemet	Butte 33.7089°N 116.9595°W Dam 33.661°N 116.706°W Lake 33.666°N 116.693°W Valley (See Garner Valley)	Hemet Butte received its name for its proximity to the town of Hemet by the U. S. Geological Survey in 1897–98. Hemet Dam and Lake Hemet received their names when they were proposed in 1887[17] because they were located on the southwest end of the Hemet Valley. The Valley has since been renamed Garner Valley. Historians are not certain how the valley came to be named Hemet Valley. Jane Davies Gunther identified at least five different theories on the origin of the name in her book Riverside County, California Place Names. She also identified eight alternative spellings of the name.[44] One of the earliest known references to Hemet Valley (spelled with two ″m″s) was in the April 10, 1879, copy of the Los Angeles Harold. It stated, ″Mr. Charlie Thomas, of Hemmet Valley, San Diego County, is paying Los Angeles a visit...″.[45] Charles H. Thomas was the earliest non–native land owner of the valley. A December 19, 1930, Hemet News article regarding the origin of the name states that Thomas′s daughter, Mrs. Victoria Brooke of Hemet, believed the name Hemet was used by Native Americans prior to her father′s arrival in the area. Among the Native American origin theories are; Hemet, meaning ″box″, Jemet, meaning ″acorn valley″, Hemica, meaning ″surrounded by trees″, and Hemetica, the name of an Indian maiden pursued by Tahquitz.[46][47]	Other than the Native American origin theories, one repeated story is that two brothers named Joe and Pete Hemmet, of Scandinavian origins, lived in the valley prior to Thomas′s arrival. No documents exist to support the story, but the Swedish word Hemmet means ″home″ or ″home-land″.[48] See also Hemet on list of municipalities.
Herkey Creek	Creek source 33.7564°N 116.6491°W Creek mouth 33.6692°N 116.6811°W Park 33.6795°N 116.6822°W	Herkey Creek, or Hurkey Creek, is located on the southern side of the San Jacinto Mountains and drains into Lake Hemet. The creek was named for Mr. Herkey who cut timber for Charles Thomas, the owner of Thomas Ranch, and the first non–Native land owner in today's Garner Valley. Sometime in the early 1880s Herkey is said to have been drinking from the creek when he was mauled by a Grizzly bear. He later died from his wounds at Thomas Ranch.[49] A county park Hurkey Creek Park, was later named for the Creek that runs through the park.	The Lake Hemet Water Company and Lake Hemet Land Company were formed in 1887. When they filed a notice of water rights for the creek, they spelled the name Herke Creek.[50] They also made reference to Mt. Herke in their a 1887 ads for South San Jacinto.[51]
Miracle Hill	33.9479°N 116.4822°W	Miracle Hill is a small hill in Desert Hot Springs, California that tops out at 1,152 feet (351 m).[52] It was named by Cabot Yerxa and was the location he built his home, The Eagle′s Nest, in 1913. Yerxa excavated an old Indian well on the hill and found hot mineral water. He dug a second well on the other side of the hill and found cold water. On the top of the hill he found both red and blue clay, and both sand and good soil.[53] The combination of findings led Yerxa to name the hill Miracle Hill.[54]	It was Yerxa′s discovery of hot mineral water that led to the eventual founding and naming of Desert Hot Springs by Lawrence W. Coffee. See Desert Hot Springs on list of municipalities.
Railroad Canyon	Canyon mouth 33.674°N 117.272°W Canyon source 33.736°N 117.253°W Dam 33.676°N 117.273°W Reservoir 33.689°N 117.268°W	The canyon was initially known as San Jacinto Canyon for the San Jacinto River that flowed through the canyon. At times, it was also referred to as Cottonwood Canyon for the trees that grew in the canyon. Some mine claims in the 1880s used the name Annie Orton Canyon, but historians have not been able to determine the origin of that name.[55] The canyon started being referred to as Railroad Canyon in 1882 when the California Southern Railroad built a line through the canyon between Perris and Elsinore. The rail line was later purchased by the Santa Fe Railroad, but eventually abandoned because of repeated flooding. After the Railroad Canyon Dam was completed in 1929, the canyon became the Railroad Canyon Reservoir, or Railroad Canyon Lake. With the demise of the railroad and canyon, the reservoir, and the community that was developed around the reservoir, both came to be known simply as Canyon Lake.[56]	See also Canyon Lake on list of municipalities. A second location in Riverside County named Railroad Canyon is located near the town of Hemet.[57] Geo coordinates = 33.644°N 116.892°W
San Gorgonio	Mountain 34.0992°N 116.8249°W Pass 33.928°N 116.698°W River 33.9033°N 116.6281°W	Rancho San Gorgonio was established in 1824 by Spanish Missionaries, who named the ranch in honor of Saint Gorgonius. The ranch was one of the principle rancherias, and the most distant, of the San Gabriel Mission near what is now Los Angeles, California. It occupied most of today′s San Gorgonio Pass area. The name of the ranch was later applied to the pass itself, the 11,503 foot (3,506 m) peak to the north of the pass, the primary river that runs through the pass, and it was used initially as the name for the town of Beaumont.[58][59]	See also Beaumont on list of municipalities.
San Jacinto Canyon	NA	See Railroad Canyon.
Santa Ana River	33.97°N 117.50°W	Santa Ana was used by the Spanish to honor Saint Anne, the mother of the Virgin Mary. The Portolá expedition is known to have camped on the river on July 28, 1769, just two days after Saint Anne′s Feast day. They used the Spanish Rio de Santa Ana to name the river, which later was translated to Santa Ana River.[60]
Santiago Peak
Sec–he, Se–khi, or Sexhi	See Agua Caliente	Sec–he is the Cahuilla Indian term for ″boiling water″. It was the original name given to the Palm Springs area by the Cahuilla Indians prior to the arrival of the Spanish explorers. The name was derived from the Hot Spring located in downtown Palm Springs.[61]	The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians is developing a new spa, The Spa at Sec–he, which is built around the original hot spring. The spa is due to open in late 2020.[62]
Seven Palms Valley	33.9008°N 116.4778°W
Summit Station	NA	See Beaumont on list of municipalities.
Tahquitz	Canyon & Creek 33.8072°N 116.5571°W Falls 33.8036°N 116.5617°W Peak 33.7552°N 116.6769°W Rock 33.7603°N 116.6823°W Red Tahquitz (peak) 33.7588°N 116.6514°W	Tahquitz is the name of an ancient Cahuilla Indian shaman who had been banished to what is now Tahquitz Canyon. According to legend, the evil spirit of Tahquitz remained in the canyon after his death, and can still be seen in the form of various phenomena.[63][64]	A second location in Riverside County named Tahquitz Canyon is located Santa Rosa Mountains. Geo coordinates = 33.5014°N 116.3083°W
Temescal, or Temascal	Canyon 33.5151°N 117.3129°W Creek 33.5422°N 117.3650°W Mountains 33.7703°N 117.335°W Valley 33.4727°N 117.3014°W	A temescal, an alternate spelling of Temazcal, is a form of sweathouse used by some Mesoamerican Indians. The word is derived from the Aztec for ″to bathe″, tema, and ″house″, calli.[65] Franciscan priests, who arrived in the Americas with the Spanish colonists, brought the term north to California, and applied it to the sweathouses used by California Indians.[66][67] The Luiseño Indians had a settlement, with such a sweathouse, at the hot springs in Temescal Canyon. When the Spanish arrived the community became known as Temescal, and the name was later applied to Rancho Temescal when it was established around 1819 by Leandro Serrano. The name of the community and rancho were in turn applied to other geographical features in the area.[68][69]	For Temescal Peak see Santiago Peak.[70]
Thomas	Mountain (peak) 33.6214°N 116.6826°W Little ~ Mountain 33.6289°N 116.6911°W Mountain (Town) 33.6125°N 116.6270°W Valley (See Garner Valley)
Tukwet	Canyon 33.9512°N 117.0312°W	Meaning couger canyon in the Cahuilla language, and named in 2011 by the Morongo Band of Mission Indians, Tukwet Canyon is home to the Morongo Casino, Resort & Spa′s Morongo Golf Club. The canyon is located near the meeting point of the San Timoteo Canyon and the San Gorgonio Pass. The name was chosen because cougars roamed the area for centuries.[71]	Before the golf club was renamed by the Morongo Band of Mission Indians it was known as the East Valley Golf Club.
Two Bunch Palms	33.9483°N 116.4883°W

See also

• Etymology
• Origin of the name California
• List of place names of Native American origin in California
• List of state and territory name etymologies of the United States
• Lists of U.S. county name etymologies
  • List of U.S. county name etymologies (N–R)

References

Bibliography

• Gudde, Erwin Gustav (1949). California Place Names: A Geographical Dictionary. Berkley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
• Gunther, Jane Davies (1984). Riverside County, California, Place Names: Their Origins and Their Stories. Riverside, CA. LCCN 84-72920.
• Hunt, John J. (2011). The Waters of Comfort (Second printing ed.). Sherman Oaks, California: Wexford & Barrow. ISBN 978-1-879593-76-3.
• Van de Grift Sanchez, Nellie (1922). Spanish and Indian Place Names of California: Their Meaning and Their Romance. A.M. Robertson. ISBN 978-1-4047-5084-5.

Citations

1. Gunther, pg 332
2. Lech, Steve (2004). Along The Old Roads; A History of the Portion of Southern California that became Riverside County 1772-1893. pp. 253–255.
3. Gudde, pp26.
4. King, Homer D. (August 11, 1939). "Observations". The Hemet News. 46 (42). Hemet, California. p. 1.
5. Lawton, Harry (June 19, 1955). "Beaumont Points to Striking Changes". The Daily Independent Enterprise. Riverside, California. p. 6.
6. Hughes, Tom (1938). History of Banning and San Gorgonio Pass. Banning, California: Banning Record Print. p. 26.
7. Lech, Steve (2 August 2013). "Back in The Day: Beaumont Wasn′t Named for Founder′s Home Town". Digital First Media. The Press Enterprise. Archived from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
8. Gunther, pg 60
9. "South Yucaipa Now Calimesa". The Los Angeles Times. XLVIII (191). Los Angeles, California: Los Angeles Times. June 12, 1929. p. 8.
10. Gunther, pg 94
11. Mojave, Mojo on the. "George Washington′s Nephew in the Mojave Desert?". DesertUSA. Mojo on the Mojave. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
12. Gunther, pg 106.
13. "History of Corona". City of Corona; The Circle City. City of Corona. Archived from the original on 24 May 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
14. Gunther, pp 134-135.
15. Howells, John (2015). Where to Retire: America′s Best & Most Affordable Places. Rowman & Littlefield. Page 70. ISBN 9781493016457.
16. Editors of Time Out (2011). Time Out Los Angeles. Time Out Guides. Page 293. ISBN 9781846703010.
17. "Incorporated". The Los Angeles Times. XI (44). Los Angeles, California: The Times-Mirror Company. January 23, 1887. p. 2. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
18. "Hemet Land Co., South San Jacinto, Cal". The Examiner. LI (27). San Francisco, CA: W. R. Hearst. July 27, 1890. p. 22. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
19. Gunther, page 231.
20. Gudde, pg 160
21. Gunther, pg 249
22. Gunther, pg 251
23. Wilkman, Bill. "A Brief History of Norco". City of Norco, California; Norco History. City of Norco. Archived from the original on 24 May 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
24. "Palm Desert Becomes Resort". Daily Independent Enterprise. 63. Riverside, CA: The Press-Enterprise Company. June 19, 1955. p. 110.
25. "Supervisor's Sidelights". Riverside Independent Enterprise. 62. Riverside, CA: The Press-Enterprise Company. November 22, 1950. p. 4.
26. Gittens, Roberta (November 1992). "A Palm-filled Oasis: Palm Springs and the Desert Communities of the Coachella Valley". Art of California. 5 (5): 45. ISSN 1045-8913. OCLC 19009782.
27. Bright, William (1998). Fifteen Hundred California Place Names. University of California Press. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-520-21271-8. Retrieved April 5, 2013.
28. "City of Palm Springs: History". Archived from the original on December 20, 2010. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
29. An Illustrated history of southern California : embracing the counties of San Diego, San Bernardino, Los Angeles and Orange, and the peninsula of lower California, from the earliest period of occupancy to the present time, together with glimpses of their prospects, also, full-page portraits of some of their eminent men, and biographical mention of many of their pioneers and of prominent citizens of today (Public domain ed.). Lewis Publishing Company. 1890. pp. 462–. ISBN 978-5-87987-880-6.
30. Gunther, pp 427-429, 506-507.
31. Morrison, Evaline (6 October 1956). "Perris Pioneer Marks 99th Birthday In Former Headquarters of Miners". The Daily Independent Enterprise; Valley Edition. LXXI (245). Riverside, California: The Press Enterprise Company.
32. Gunther, Pgs. 431-433.
33. Gunther, Pgs. 70-71.
34. Hillery, Robert A. (2015). Cathedral City The Early Years 1925 to 1981. Denver, Colorado: Outskirts Press, Inc. p. 8.
35. Gunther, pgs 104-105.
36. Ainsworth, Ed (November 4–11, 1938). "70 Vaqueros Start First Annual Trek". The Desert Sun. XXII (14). p. 1.
37. Cornett, James (April 4, 2004). "The desert is brimming with cactus species in bloom". The Desert Sun. 77 (244). Robert J. Dickey. p. F5.
38. Santa Fe Coast History. Los Angeles, CA: Santa Fe Railway Public Relations Office. 1940.
39. "Mesaville Now Fertilla". The Los Angeles Times. 33. Los Angeles, CA: The Times-Mirror Company. March 27, 1914. p. 3. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
40. "Map Approved". Riverside Daily Press. XXXI (303). Riverside, CA: Press Printing Company, Inc. December 21, 1916. p. 3. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
41. "District And Man Which Led Fight For PVV Roads Now Near Forgotten". The Daily Enterprise. 63. Riverside, CA. May 5, 1955. p. 12. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
42. Gunther, p. 185.
43. "Cahuilla". The Hemet News. XXIV (29). Hemet, CA: King & Monroe. July 20, 1917. p. 3. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
44. Gunther, pp=229-232.
45. "Local Brevities". Los Angeles Daily Harold. XI (111). Los Angeles, CA: Joseph D. Lynch. April 10, 1879. p. 2. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
46. King, Homer D. (December 19, 1930). "Observations". The Hemet News. 37 (51). Hemet, CA: King & Monroe. p. 1.
47. Hanna, Phil Townsend (1946). The Dictionary of California Land Names (First ed.). Automobile club of Southern California. p. 122.
48. King, Homer D. (May 9, 1940). "Along El Camino Real with Ed Ainsworth". Los Angeles Times. LIX (158). Los Angeles, CA: Los Angeles Times, Co. p. 14. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
49. "Herkey or Hurkey? US Seeks Right Landmark Names". The Daily Independent Enterprise. LXXIII (331). Riverside, CA: The Press Enterprise Company. January 29, 1959. p. 48. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
50. James D. Schuyler (1901). Mead, Elwood (ed.). Hemet Creek; Claims to Water on Hemet Creek. Report of Irrigation Investigations in California. Bulletin No. 100. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture; Office of Experiment Stations. p. 390. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
51. "South San Jacinto". Los Angeles Daily Harold. XXIX (13). Los Angeles, CA: Ayers & Lynch. October 15, 1887. p. 11. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
52. "Miracle Hill". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
53. Hunt, pp. 80-89.
54. "Artist to Show Fantastic Desert Pueblo to Visiting Public Sunday". Riverside Independent Enterprise (62). Riverside, CA. November 27, 1951. p. 9, 10. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
55. Gunther, pp 412.
56. Martin, Elinor (2007). Images of America, Canyon Lake. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0738547121.
57. Rankin, Eddie (April 29, 1976). "Rankin File". Idyllwild Town Crier. 30 (18).
58. Gunther, Jane Davies (1984). Riverside County, California, Place Names; Their Origins and Their Stories. Riverside, California. pp. 456–461.
59. Gudde, Erwin G. (1949). California Place Names (1st ed.). Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 305.
60. Gudde, pg 313
61. "Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians: Cultural History". Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
62. "The Spa at Sec–he". Spas of America. Spas of America. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
63. Gudde, pp352.
64. "Tahquitz Canyon steeped in Cahuilla lore". The Orange County Register. MediaNews Group Inc. October 30, 2005. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
65. "temescal". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, Inc. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
66. Van De Grift Sanchez, pp71.
67. Slaughter, Mrs. H Earl (May 12, 1925). "Some Historical Landmarks In Riverside County Towns". The Daily Press. XL (113). Riverside, California. p. 6.
68. Gudde, pp 357.
69. Gunther, pp 528-530.
70. "Feature Detail Report for: Santiago Peak". USGS. United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 2 June 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
71. Gruszecki, Debra (February 2, 2011). "Morong Casino Renames Its Golf Facility". 84 (109). Palm Springs, CA: The Desert Sun Publishing Co. The Desert Sun. p. 9. Retrieved 2 December 2020.