Tahquitz (spirit)

Tahquitz (/tɑːˈkwiːts/, sometimes /ˈtɑːkɪts/) is a spirit found in the legends of the Cahuilla, Kumeyaay and Luiseño Native American people of Southern California. Accounts of the legend vary significantly, but most agree that Tahquitz represents evil or death, and his spirit makes its home on Mount San Jacinto. Some accounts report that he steals people and/or their souls and devours them on the mountain. Tahquitz manifests himself in the form of fireballs, lighting, meteors and thunderous sounds on the mountain and in the canyons.[1][2]

Tahquitz
Spirit of Evil or Death
AbodeMount San Jacinto or
Tahquitz Canyon
GenderMale
RegionSouthern California,
Riverside County
Ethnic groupNative American:
Cahuilla,
Kumeyaay and
Luiseño

Agua Caliente Legend

Some accounts of the legend state that Tahquitz Canyon played a key role in the story. The canyon is located on the Agua Caliente reservation lands, and is an important cultural site. The tribal group's web page dedicated to the canyon describes The Legend of Taquitz as follows:

Tahquitz was the first shaman created by Mukat, the creator of all things. Tahquitz had much power, and in the beginning he used his power for the good of all people. Tahquitz became the guardian spirit of all shamans and he gave them power to do good. But over time, Tahquitz began to use his power for selfish reasons. He began to use his power to harm the Cahuilla People. The people became angry, and they banished Tahquitz to this canyon that now bears his name. He made his home high in the San Jacinto Mountains in a secret cave below the towering rock known today as Tahquitz Peak. It is said that his spirit still lives in this canyon. He can sometimes be seen as a large green fireball streaking across the night sky. The strange rumblings heard deep within the San Jacinto Mountains, the shaking of the ground, and the crashing of boulders are all attributed to Tahquitz as he stomps about the canyon.[3]

— Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians

Mukat's People

Author Lowell John Bean, in his book Mukat's People; The Cauilla Indians of Southern California, uses the name Taqwuš instead of Tahquitz. He describes Taqwuš as one of the nakutem, those who were created in the beginning by Mukat and Temayawt. Specifically Taqwuš is the first Puul, or Shaman, and he manifests himself as a meteor or a human-like form that emits blue sparks. Taqwuš lived on San Jacinto Peak and was the cause of misfortune. He was most active at night and would travel about stealing souls.[4]

Origin and application of the name

In the Luiseño language the word Tahquitz derives from the word Takwish, meaning "electric fireball" or "meteor". However, it is thought that the Luiseño adopted the story from the Cahuilla.[5] The spelling of the word Tahquitz varied, until it was standardized by the 1897-1898 U.S. Geological Survey of the San Jacinto quadrangle.[1] Alternate spellings included:[2]

  • Chaup
  • Dakush
  • Dakwish
  • Shiwiw
  • Tacquish
  • Tacwitc
  • Tahkoosh
  • Taakwi
  • Takwish
  • Taqwus
  • Taukwitch
  • Tau-quitch
  • Tauquitch
  • Tauquitz

Several peaks on Mount San Jacinto have been named for Tahquitz:

  • Tahquitz Peak, an 8,846-foot (2,696 m) secondary peak on Mount San Jacinto[6]
  • Tahquitz Rock, an 8,000-foot (2,400 m) large granite outcropping, also called "Lily rock"[7]
  • Red Tahquitz, an 8,720-foot (2,660 m) peak that has a reddish hue[8]

Additional features on Mount San Jacinto include:

  • Tahquitz Meadow or Valley at the 7,995-foot (2,437 m) elevation[9]
  • Tahquitz Canyon and Creek which descend from Tahquitz Peak with a length of about 8 miles (13 km), and about a 7,900-foot (2,400 m) fall[10]
  • Tahquitz Falls, within the canyon at the 840-foot (260 m) level[11]

Beyond the mountain, the name Tahquitz has been applied to:

Cultural references
  • The Tribe of Tahquitz is an Honor Boy Scout organization of the Long Beach Area Council,
  • Tahquitz is a supporting character in the Louis L'Amour novel, The Lonesome Gods (1983), that is mistaken for a demigod of Native American legend and lives in the mountains alone near Agua Caliente. The story features the mountain as well as the Mojave and Colorado Deserts of California as the setting of the story. ISBN 978-0553275186
  • Tahquitz Exchange is a novel by Bernnie Reese (1993). DeChamp Co. pp. 225. ISBN 978-0962880230
  • Tahquitz is a major recurring support character in the second novel Idyllwild of The Sheriff Wyler Scott Series a novel by "Mark Paul" Sebar which takes place in the modern Colorado Desert and High San Jacinto Mountains. pp. 233 ISBN 978-1930246393

See also

References

Bibliography

Citations
  1. Gudde, page 352.
  2. Gunther, pages 521-524.
  3. "The Legend of Tahquitz". TaquitzCanyon.com. Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  4. Bean, pages 108, 165-166.
  5. DuBois, Constance Goddard; Kroeber, Alfred Louis (1908). The Religion of the Luiseño Indians of Southern California. The University Press. p. 142.
  6. "Tahquitz Peak". SummitPost.org. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  7. "Tahquitz Rock (Lily Rock)". SummitPost.org. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  8. "Red Tahquitz". SummitPost.org. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  9. "Tahquitz Meadow". USGS. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  10. "Tahquitz Creek". USGS. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  11. "Tahquitz Falls". USGS. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  12. "Tahquitz OG Cannabis Strain". CannaSOS. Core State Holdings, Corp. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
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