List of Roman governors of Syria

This is a list of governors of the Roman province of Syria. From 27 BC, the province was governed by an imperial legate of praetorian rank. The province was merged with Roman Judaea in 135 AD to form Syria Palaestina until 193 AD when it was divided into Syria Coele and Syria Phoenicia. In c. 415 AD, Syria Coele was divided into Syria Prima and Syria Secunda. During the reign of Theodosius I (379 – 395), Syria Phoenicia was divided into Phoenicia Maritima and Phoenicia Libanensis.

Proconsular Governors of Roman Syria (65 BC to 27 BC)
Date Governor
65 — 62 BCMarcus Aemilius Scaurus
61 — 60 BCLucius Marcius Philippus
59 — 58 BCGnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus
57 — 54 BCAulus Gabinius
54 — 53 BCMarcus Licinius Crassus
53 — 51 BCGaius Cassius Longinus
51 — 50 BCMarcus Calpurnius Bibulus
50/49 BCVeiento
49 — 48 BCMetellus Scipio
47 — 46 BCSextus Julius Caesar
46 — 44 BCQuintus Caecilius Bassus
45 BCGaius Antistius Vetus
44 BCLucius Staius Murcus
44 — 43 BCQuintus Marcius Crispus
44 — 42 BCGaius Cassius Longinus
41 — 40 BCLucius Decidius Saxa
40 — 39 BCParthian occupation
39 — 38 BCPublius Ventidius Bassus
38 — 37 BCGaius Sosius
35 BCLucius Munatius Plancus
34/33 — 33/32 BCLucius Calpurnius Bibulus
30 BCQuintus Didius
29 BCMarcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus
28 — 25 BCCicero Minor

Propraetorial Imperial Legates of Roman Syria (27 BC to 135 AD)
Date Governor
25 – 23 BCMarcus Terentiius Varro
23 – 13 BCMarcus Vipsanius Agrippa
13/12 – 10/9 BCMarcus Titius
9 – 7/6 BCGaius Sentius Saturninus
7/6 – 4 BCPublius Quinctilius Varus
4 – 1 BCUnknown[1]
1 BC – 4 ADGaius Julius Caesar Vipsanianus
4 – 5Lucius Volusius Saturninus
6 – 12Publius Sulpicius Quirinius
12 – 17Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus Silanus
17 – 19Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso
19 – 21Gnaeus Sentius Saturninus
22 – 32Lucius Aelius Lamia
32 – 35Lucius Pomponius Flaccus
35 – 39Lucius Vitellius
39 – 41/42Publius Petronius
41/42 – 44/45Gnaeus (Gaius?) Vibius Marsus
45 – 49Cassius Longinus
50 – 60Gaius Ummidius Durmius Quadratus
60 – 63Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo
63 – 67Cestius Gallus
67 – 69Gaius Licinius Mucianus
70 – 72Lucius Caesennius Paetus
72 – 73Aulus Marius Celsus
73 - 78Marcus Ulpius Traianus
78 - 82Lucius Ceionius Commodus
82 - 84Titus Atilius Rufus
87 - 90Publius Valerius Patruinus
90 - 93Aulus Bucius Lappius Maximus
93 - 96Gaius Octavius Tidius Tossianus Lucius Javolenus Priscus
96 - 97Marcus Cornelius Nigrinus Curiatius Maternus
97 - 100Aulus Larcius Priscus
100 - 104Gaius Antius Aulus Julius Quadratus
104 - 108Aulus Cornelius Palma Frontonianus
108 - 112Lucius Fabius Justus
114 - 115Gaius Julius Quadratus Bassus
117Publius Aelius Hadrianus
117 - 119Lucius Catilius Severus Julianus Claudius Reginus
129 - 136Gaius Quinctius Certus Poblicius Marcellus

Proconsular Imperial Legates of Syria Palestina (135 AD to 193 AD)
Date Governor
135 - 136Gnaeus Minicius Faustinus Sextus Julius Severus
136 - 140Sextus Julius Major
140Lucius Burbuleius Optatus Ligarianus
147 - 150Sulpicius Julianus
150 - 154Marcus Pontius Laelianus Larcius Sabinus
154 - 157Marcus Cassius Apollinaris
157 - 162Lucius Attidius Cornelianus
163 - 164Marcus Annius Libo
164 - 166Gnaeus Julius Verus
166 - 175Gaius Avidius Cassius
175 - 178Publius Martius Verus
179 - 182Publius Helvius Pertinax
183 - 185Gaius Domitius Dexter
187 - 190Gaius Julius Saturninus
187 - 190Asellius Aemilianus
190 - 193Gaius Pescennius Niger

Proconsular Imperial Legates of Syria Coele (193 AD to c. 295 AD)
Date Governor
c. 207 - 209Marius Maximus
c. 209 - 211Minicius Martialis
c. 216Aurelius Mam(---)
c. 221Antonius Seleucus
Between 225 and 235Quintus Aradius Rufinus Optatus Aelianus
(?) 235(? Claudius Sollemnius) Pacatianus
c. 241Attius Rufinus
c. 241 - 249Flavius Antiochus
c. 251Atilius Cosminus
c. 251Pomponius Laetianus
During the 260sVirius Lupus
c. 275Maximinus[2]
c. 279Julius Saturninus
Between 276 and 282Claudius Cleobulus
Between 289 and 297L. Aelius Helvius Dionysius
290Charisius

Propraetorial Imperial Legates of Syria Phoenicia (193 AD to c. 295 AD)
Date Governor
193 - 194Ti. Manilius Fuscus[3]
198Q. Venidius Rufus Marius Maximus L. Calvinianus
c. 207Domitius Leo Procillianus
213D. Pius Cassius
Between 268 and 270Salvius Theodorus
Between 284 and 305L. Artorius Pius Maximus
292 – 293Crispinus

Consularis Governors of Syria Coele (c. 295 AD to c. 415 AD)
Date Governor
Between 293 and 305Latinius Primosus
305Verinus
? 323Dyscolius
After 324Arrius Maximus
Between 324 and 337Plutarchus
Between 329 and 335Fl. Dionysius[4]
338Nonnus[5]
388Eustathius[6]
347Theodorus
348Fl. Antonius Hierocles
349Anatolius
Before 353Honoratus
354Theophilus
355Dionysius
355 - 356Gymnasius
358Nicentius
358 - 359Sabinus
360Tryphonianus
360Italicianus
361Siderius
363Alexander
363 – 364Celsus
364Marcianus
Between 364 and 380Protasius
Between 364 and 380Protasius[7]
Between 365 and 368Festus
Between 365 and 371Aetherius
Between 370 and 374Fl. Eutolmius Tatianus
c. 379/80Carterius
Before 381Domnicus
c. 382Marcellinus
c. 382/3Pelagius
Between 382 and 393Timocrates
c. 384/5Eumolpius
386Tisamenus
387Celsus
388Lucianus
388Eustathius
389Eutropius
c. 389/90Palladius
390Infantius
Before 392Capitolinus
Before 392Iullus
? 392/3Florentius
Before 393/4Severus

Consularis Governors of Syria Phoenicia (c. 295 AD to c. 395 AD)
Date Governor
Between 293 and 305Aelius Statuus
Between 293 and 303Sossianus Hierocles
Before 305Julius Julianus
? Between 309/313Maximus
c. 323Achillius
328 - 329Fl. Dionysius
335Archelaus
c. 337Nonnus
342Marcellinus
353/4Apollinaris
Before 358Demetrius
358-359Nicentius[8]
(?) 359/60Euchrostius
Before 360Julianus
360 - 361Andronicus
Before 361Aelius Claudius Dulcitius
361Anatolius
c. 361/2Polycles
362Julianus
362 - 363Gaianus
363 - 364Marius
364Ulpianus
364 - 365Domninus
372Leontius
380Petrus
382 - 383Proculus
Before 388Eustathius
388Antherius
388Epiphanius
390Domitius
391Severianus
392Leontius

Footnotes
  1. Some consider that Lucius Calpurnius Piso "the Pontifex" was here the governor of Syria. This is based on an inscription called the Titulus Tiburtinus.
  2. Martindale & Jones, pg. 1105
  3. Hall, pg. 94
  4. Hall, pg. 95
  5. Hall, pg. 96
  6. Hall, pg. 103
  7. Successor to the previous Protasius – see Martindale & Jones, pg. 1106
  8. Martindale, J. R. & A. H. M. Jones, "Nicentius 1", The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I AD 260-395 (Cambridge: University Press, 1971), p. 628

Bibliography
  • Schürer Emil, Vermes Geza, Millar Fergus, The history of the Jewish people in the age of Jesus Christ (175 B.C.-A.D. 135), Volume I, Edinburgh 1973, p. 243-266 (Survey of the Roman Province of Syria from 63 B.C. to A.D. 70).
  • Linda Jones Hall, Roman Berytus: Beirut in late antiquity (2004)
  • Martindale, J. R.; Jones, A. H. M, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I AD 260-395, Cambridge University Press (1971)
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