List of U.S. states and territories by African-American population

The following is a list of U.S. states, territories, and the District of Columbia ranked by the proportion of African Americans in the population.

% Black by state in 2019

By 2019 census estimates

% African- American[1]	Rank	State or territory	African-American Population (2019)
76.0%[2]	1	Virgin Islands (U.S.)	80,908[2]
47.2%	2	District of Columbia	333,312
38.9%	3	Mississippi	1,156,497
33.5%	4	Georgia	3,556,697
33.4%	5	Louisiana	1,554,297
32.2%	6	Maryland	1,946,932
28.0%	7	South Carolina	1,441,530
27.8%	8	Alabama	1,364,474
24.4%	9	Delaware	237,780
23.1%	10	North Carolina	2,424,132
21.3%	11	Virginia	1,820,891
19.1%	12	Puerto Rico	609,279
18.0%	13	Tennessee	1,228,973
17.6%	14	New York	3,424,002
17.6%	15	Florida	3,772,874
16.7%	16	Arkansas	502,913
15.4%	17	Illinois	1,951,681
15.3%	18	Michigan	1,528,779
15.1%	19	New Jersey	1,339,574
14.4%	20	Ohio	1,686,729
14.2%	−	United States of America	46,713,850
13.5%	21	Texas	3,908,287
13.2%	22	Connecticut	470,791
12.9%	23	Missouri	792,197
12.9%	24	Pennsylvania	1,649,737
11.3%	25	Nevada	347,489
11.0%	26	Indiana	740,150
9.0%	27	Massachusetts	684,786
9.6%	28	Rhode Island	101,579
9.5%	29	Kentucky	424,716
9.2%	30	Oklahoma	365,883
8.1%	31	Minnesota	454,116
7.5%	32	Wisconsin	438,719
7.4%	33	Kansas	214,714
7.0%	34	California	2,782,446
6.1%	35	Nebraska	117,408
6.0%	36	Arizona	434,612
5.6%	37	Washington	429,718
5.4%	38	Colorado	313,737
5.2%	39	Iowa	162,710
4.8%	40	West Virginia	86,426
4.7%	41	Alaska	34,639
3.9%	42	North Dakota	30,067
3.5%	43	Hawaii	49,041
3.4%	44	New Mexico	70,254
3.0%	45	South Dakota	26,679
3.0%	46	Oregon	124,502
2.4%	47	Maine	32,313
2.2%	48	New Hampshire	30,557
2.1%	49	Wyoming	12,428
2.1%	50	Vermont	13,042
1.9%	51	Utah	61,766
1.4%	52	Montana	14,608
1.2%	53	Idaho	21,666
1.0%[3]	54	Guam	1,540[3]
0.1%[4]	55	Northern Mariana Islands	55[4]
0.02%[5]	56	American Samoa	13[5]

African-American proportion of state and territory populations (1790–2010)

African-American % of Population (1790–2010) by U.S. state and territory[6][7][8]

State/Territory	1790	1800	1810	1820	1830	1840	1850	1860	1870	1880	1890	1900	1910	1920	1930	1940	1950	1960	1970	1980	1990	2000	2010	2019
United States of America	19.3%	18.9%	19.0%	18.4%	18.1%	16.8%	15.7%	14.1%	12.7%	13.1%	11.9%	11.6%	10.7%	9.9%	9.7%	9.8%	10.0%	10.5%	11.1%	11.7%	12.1%	12.3%	12.6%	13.4%
Alabama		41.4%	29.0%	33.2%	38.5%	43.3%	44.7%	45.4%	47.7%	47.5%	44.8%	45.2%	42.5%	38.4%	35.7%	34.7%	32.0%	30.0%	26.2%	25.6%	25.3%	26.0%	26.2%	26.8%
Alaska												0.3%	0.3%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%		3.0%	3.0%	3.4%	4.1%	3.5%	3.3%	3.8%
American Samoa																					0.02%	0.04%	0.02%
Arizona								0.3%	0.3%	0.4%	1.5%	1.5%	1.0%	2.4%	2.5%	3.0%	3.5%	3.3%	3.0%	2.8%	3.0%	3.1%	4.1%	5.2%
Arkansas			13.0%	11.7%	15.5%	20.9%	22.7%	25.6%	25.2%	26.3%	27.4%	28.0%	28.1%	27.0%	25.8%	24.8%	22.3%	21.8%	18.3%	16.3%	15.9%	15.7%	15.4%	15.7%
California							1.0%	1.1%	0.8%	0.7%	0.9%	0.7%	0.9%	1.1%	1.4%	1.8%	4.4%	5.6%	7.0%	7.7%	7.4%	6.7%	6.2%	6.5%
Colorado								0.1%	1.1%	1.3%	1.5%	1.6%	1.4%	1.2%	1.1%	1.1%	1.5%	2.3%	3.0%	3.5%	4.0%	3.8%	4.0%	4.6%
Connecticut	2.3%	2.5%	2.6%	2.9%	2.7%	2.6%	2.1%	1.9%	1.8%	1.9%	1.6%	1.7%	1.4%	1.5%	1.8%	1.9%	2.7%	4.2%	6.0%	7.0%	8.3%	9.1%	10.1%	12.2%
Delaware	21.6%	22.4%	23.8%	24.0%	24.9%	25.0%	22.2%	19.3%	18.2%	18.0%	16.8%	16.6%	15.4%	13.6%	13.7%	13.5%	13.7%	13.6%	14.3%	16.1%	16.9%	19.2%	21.4%	23.2%
District of Columbia		30.4%	33.1%	31.2%	30.1%	29.1%	26.6%	19.1%	33.0%	33.6%	32.8%	31.1%	28.5%	25.1%	27.1%	28.2%	35.0%	53.9%	71.1%	70.3%	65.8%	60.0%	50.7%	46.9%
Florida					47.1%	48.7%	46.0%	44.6%	48.8%	47.0%	42.5%	43.7%	41.0%	34.0%	29.4%	27.1%	21.8%	17.8%	15.3%	13.8%	13.6%	14.6%	16.0%	16.9%
Georgia	35.9%	37.1%	42.5%	44.4%	42.6%	41.0%	42.4%	44.0%	46.0%	47.0%	46.7%	46.7%	45.1%	41.7%	36.8%	34.7%	30.9%	28.5%	25.9%	26.8%	27.0%	28.7%	30.5%	32.6%
Guam																					2.37%	1.02%	0.96%
Hawaii												0.2%	0.4%	0.1%	0.2%	0.1%	0.5%	0.8%	1.0%	1.8%	2.5%	1.8%	1.6%	2.2%
Idaho									0.4%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.1%	0.2%	0.2%	0.3%	0.3%	0.3%	0.4%	0.6%	0.9%
Illinois		7.4%	6.4%	2.5%	1.5%	0.8%	0.6%	0.4%	1.1%	1.5%	1.5%	1.8%	1.9%	2.8%	4.3%	4.9%	7.4%	10.3%	12.8%	14.7%	14.8%	15.1%	14.5%	14.6%
Indiana		4.4%	2.6%	1.0%	1.1%	1.0%	1.1%	0.8%	1.5%	2.0%	2.1%	2.3%	2.2%	2.8%	3.5%	3.6%	4.4%	5.8%	6.9%	7.6%	7.8%	8.4%	9.1%	9.9%
Iowa						0.4%	0.2%	0.2%	0.5%	0.6%	0.6%	0.6%	0.7%	0.8%	0.7%	0.7%	0.8%	0.9%	1.2%	1.4%	1.7%	2.1%	2.9%	4.1%
Kansas								0.6%	4.7%	4.3%	3.5%	3.5%	3.2%	3.3%	3.5%	3.6%	3.8%	4.2%	4.8%	5.3%	5.8%	5.7%	5.9%	6.1%
Kentucky	17.0%	18.6%	20.2%	22.9%	24.7%	24.3%	22.5%	20.4%	16.8%	16.5%	14.4%	13.3%	11.4%	9.8%	8.6%	7.5%	6.9%	7.1%	7.2%	7.1%	7.1%	7.3%	7.8%	8.5%
Louisiana			55.2%	51.8%	58.5%	55.0%	50.7%	49.5%	50.1%	51.5%	50.0%	47.1%	43.1%	38.9%	36.9%	35.9%	32.9%	31.9%	29.8%	29.4%	30.8%	32.5%	32.0%	32.8%
Maine	0.6%	0.5%	0.4%	0.3%	0.3%	0.3%	0.2%	0.2%	0.3%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.1%	0.2%	0.1%	0.3%	0.3%	0.3%	0.4%	0.5%	1.2%	1.7%
Maryland	34.7%	36.7%	38.2%	36.1%	34.9%	32.3%	28.3%	24.9%	22.5%	22.5%	20.7%	19.8%	17.9%	16.9%	16.9%	16.6%	16.5%	16.7%	17.8%	22.7%	24.9%	27.9%	29.4%	31.1%
Massachusetts	1.4%	1.5%	1.4%	1.3%	1.2%	1.2%	0.9%	0.8%	1.0%	1.0%	1.0%	1.1%	1.1%	1.2%	1.2%	1.3%	1.6%	2.2%	3.1%	3.9%	5.0%	5.4%	7.9%	9.0%
Michigan		3.7%	3.0%	2.1%	0.8%	0.3%	0.6%	0.9%	1.0%	0.9%	0.7%	0.7%	0.6%	1.6%	3.5%	4.0%	6.9%	9.2%	11.2%	12.9%	13.9%	14.2%	14.2%	14.1%
Minnesota							0.6%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.3%	0.3%	0.3%	0.4%	0.4%	0.4%	0.5%	0.7%	0.9%	1.3%	2.2%	3.5%	5.2%	7.0%
Mississippi		41.5%	47.0%	44.1%	48.4%	52.3%	51.2%	55.3%	53.7%	57.5%	57.6%	58.5%	56.2%	52.2%	50.2%	49.2%	45.3%	42.0%	36.8%	35.2%	35.6%	36.3%	37.0%	37.8%
Missouri			17.6%	15.9%	18.3%	15.6%	13.2%	10.0%	6.9%	6.7%	5.6%	5.2%	4.8%	5.2%	6.2%	6.5%	7.5%	9.0%	10.3%	10.5%	10.7%	11.2%	11.6%	11.9%
Montana									0.9%	0.9%	1.0%	0.6%	0.2%	0.3%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.3%	0.2%	0.3%	0.3%	0.4%	0.6%
Nebraska								0.3%	0.6%	0.5%	0.8%	0.6%	0.6%	1.0%	1.0%	1.1%	1.5%	2.1%	2.7%	3.1%	3.6%	4.0%	4.5%	5.2%
Nevada								0.7%	0.8%	0.8%	0.5%	0.3%	0.6%	0.4%	0.6%	0.6%	2.7%	4.7%	5.7%	6.4%	6.6%	6.8%	8.1%	10.3%
New Hampshire	0.6%	0.5%	0.5%	0.3%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.1%	0.1%	0.2%	0.1%	0.1%	0.3%	0.3%	0.4%	0.6%	0.7%	1.1%	1.8%
New Jersey	7.7%	8.0%	7.6%	7.2%	6.4%	5.8%	4.9%	3.8%	3.4%	3.4%	3.3%	3.7%	3.5%	3.7%	5.2%	5.5%	6.6%	8.5%	10.7%	12.6%	13.4%	13.6%	13.7%	15.1%
New Mexico							0.0%	0.1%	0.2%	0.8%	1.2%	0.8%	0.5%	1.6%	0.7%	0.9%	1.2%	1.8%	1.9%	1.8%	2.0%	1.9%	2.1%	2.8%
New York	7.6%	5.3%	4.2%	2.9%	2.3%	2.1%	1.6%	1.3%	1.2%	1.3%	1.2%	1.4%	1.5%	1.9%	3.3%	4.2%	6.2%	8.4%	11.9%	13.7%	15.9%	15.9%	17.5%	17.6%
North Carolina	26.8%	29.4%	32.2%	34.4%	35.9%	35.6%	36.4%	36.4%	36.6%	38.0%	34.7%	33.0%	31.6%	29.8%	29.0%	27.5%	25.8%	24.5%	22.2%	22.4%	22.0%	21.6%	21.5%	22.2%
North Dakota									1.0%	0.3%	0.2%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.0%	0.0%	0.1%	0.4%	0.4%	0.6%	0.6%	1.2%	3.4%
Northern Mariana Islands																					0.06%	0.06%	0.1%
Ohio		0.5%	0.8%	0.8%	1.0%	1.1%	1.3%	1.6%	2.4%	2.5%	2.4%	2.3%	2.3%	3.2%	4.7%	4.9%	6.5%	8.1%	9.1%	10.0%	10.6%	11.5%	12.2%	13.1%
Oklahoma											8.4%	7.0%	8.3%	7.4%	7.2%	7.2%	6.5%	6.6%	6.7%	6.8%	7.4%	7.6%	7.4%	7.8%
Oregon							0.5%	0.2%	0.4%	0.3%	0.4%	0.3%	0.2%	0.3%	0.2%	0.2%	0.8%	1.0%	1.3%	1.4%	1.6%	1.6%	1.8%	2.2%
Pennsylvania	2.4%	2.7%	2.9%	2.9%	2.8%	2.8%	2.3%	2.0%	1.9%	2.0%	2.0%	2.5%	2.5%	3.3%	4.5%	4.7%	6.1%	7.5%	8.6%	8.8%	9.2%	10.0%	10.8%	12.0%
Puerto Rico																						8.0%	10.8%
Rhode Island	6.3%	5.3%	4.8%	4.3%	3.7%	3.0%	2.5%	2.3%	2.3%	2.3%	2.1%	2.1%	1.8%	1.7%	1.4%	1.5%	1.8%	2.1%	2.7%	2.9%	3.9%	4.5%	5.7%	8.5%
South Carolina	43.7%	43.2%	48.4%	52.8%	55.6%	56.4%	58.9%	58.6%	58.9%	60.7%	59.8%	58.4%	55.2%	51.4%	45.6%	42.9%	38.8%	34.8%	30.5%	30.4%	29.8%	29.5%	27.9%	27.0%
South Dakota								0.0%	0.6%	0.3%	0.2%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.2%	0.2%	0.3%	0.5%	0.6%	1.3%	2.3%
Tennessee	10.6%	13.2%	17.5%	19.6%	21.4%	22.7%	24.5%	25.5%	25.6%	26.1%	24.4%	23.8%	21.7%	19.3%	18.3%	17.4%	16.1%	16.5%	15.8%	15.8%	16.0%	16.4%	16.7%	17.1%
Texas							27.5%	30.3%	31.0%	24.7%	21.8%	20.4%	17.7%	15.9%	14.7%	14.4%	12.7%	12.4%	12.5%	12.0%	11.9%	11.5%	11.8%	12.9%
Utah							0.4%	0.1%	0.1%	0.2%	0.3%	0.2%	0.3%	0.3%	0.2%	0.2%	0.4%	0.5%	0.6%	0.6%	0.7%	0.8%	1.1%	1.5%
Vermont	0.3%	0.4%	0.3%	0.4%	0.3%	0.3%	0.2%	0.2%	0.3%	0.3%	0.3%	0.2%	0.5%	0.2%	0.2%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.2%	0.2%	0.3%	0.5%	1.0%	1.4%
Virgin Islands (U.S.)																					76.62%	76.19%	76.03%
Virginia	43.4%	44.6%	47.1%	47.8%	47.9%	46.9%	45.0%	43.3%	41.9%	41.8%	38.4%	35.6%	32.6%	29.9%	26.8%	24.7%	22.1%	20.6%	18.5%	18.9%	18.8%	19.6%	19.4%	19.9%
Washington								0.3%	0.9%	0.4%	0.4%	0.5%	0.5%	0.5%	0.4%	0.4%	1.3%	1.7%	2.1%	2.6%	3.1%	3.2%	3.6%	4.4%
West Virginia	9.5%	9.8%	11.5%	12.1%	11.2%	9.6%	7.8%	5.6%	4.1%	4.2%	4.3%	4.5%	5.3%	5.9%	6.6%	6.2%	5.7%	4.8%	3.9%	3.3%	3.1%	3.2%	3.4%	3.6%
Wisconsin				1.2%	1.8%	0.6%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.2%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.2%	0.4%	0.4%	0.8%	1.9%	2.9%	3.9%	2.0%	5.7%	6.3%	6.7%
Wyoming									2.0%	1.4%	1.5%	1.0%	1.5%	0.7%	0.6%	0.4%	0.9%	0.7%	0.8%	0.7%	0.8%	0.8%	0.8%	1.3%

Free Blacks as a percentage out of the total Black population by U.S. region and U.S. state between 1790 and 1860

In 1865, all enslaved Blacks (African-Americans) in the United States were emancipated as a result of the Thirteenth Amendment. However, some U.S. states had previously emancipated some or all of their Black population. The table below shows the percentage of free Blacks as a percentage of the total Black population in various U.S. regions and U.S. states between 1790 and 1860 (the blank areas on the chart below mean that there is no data for those specific regions or states in those specific years).

Free Blacks as a percentage of the total Black (African-American) population by U.S. region and U.S. state between 1790 and 1860[9]

State/territory	1790	1800	1810	1820	1830	1840	1850	1860
United States	7.9%	10.8%	13.5%	13.2%	13.7%	13.4%	11.9%	11.0%
Northeast	40.1%	56.2%	73.5%	83.7%	97.8%	99.5%	99.8%	100.0%
Midwest		78.7%	52.4%	38.0%	37.7%	34.4%	35.5%	37.6%
South	4.7%	6.7%	8.5%	8.2%	8.4%	8.1%	7.0%	6.3%
West							97.9%	99.4%
Alabama		4.4%	2.2%	1.3%	1.3%	0.8%	0.7%	0.6%
Alaska
Arizona								100.0%
Arkansas			1.4%	3.5%	3.0%	2.3%	1.3%	0.1%
California							100.0%	100.0%
Colorado								100.0%
Connecticut	50.4%	84.9%	95.4%	98.8%	99.7%	99.8%	100.0%	100.0%
Delaware	30.5%	57.3%	75.9%	74.2%	82.8%	86.7%	88.8%	91.7%
District of Columbia		16.2%	30.7%	37.9%	50.5%	66.2%	73.2%	77.8%
Florida					5.2%	3.1%	2.3%	1.5%
Georgia	1.3%	1.7%	1.7%	1.2%	1.1%	1.0%	0.8%	0.8%
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois		41.5%	78.5%	33.3%	68.7%	91.6%	100.0%	100.0%
Indiana		75.7%	62.4%	86.6%	99.9%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
Iowa						91.5%	100.0%	100.0%
Kansas								99.7%
Kentucky	0.9%	1.8%	2.1%	2.1%	2.9%	3.9%	4.5%	4.5%
Louisiana			18.0%	13.2%	13.2%	13.1%	6.7%	5.3%
Maine	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	99.8%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
Maryland	7.2%	15.6%	23.3%	27.0%	33.9%	40.9%	45.3%	49.1%
Massachusetts	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
Michigan		100.0%	83.3%	100.0%	99.6%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
Minnesota							100.0%	100.0%
Mississippi		5.0%	1.2%	1.4%	0.8%	0.7%	0.3%	0.2%
Missouri			17.4%	3.3%	2.2%	2.6%	2.9%	3.0%
Montana
Nebraska								81.7%
Nevada								100.0%
New Hampshire	79.9%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	99.5%	99.8%	100.0%	100.0%
New Jersey	19.5%	26.2%	42.0%	62.2%	89.0%	96.9%	99.0%	99.9%
New Mexico							100.0%	100.0%
New York	17.9%	33.3%	62.8%	74.4%	99.8%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
North Carolina	4.7%	5.0%	5.7%	6.7%	7.4%	8.5%	8.7%	8.4%
North Dakota
Ohio		100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	99.9%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
Oklahoma
Oregon							100.0%	100.0%
Pennsylvania	63.6%	89.5%	96.6%	99.3%	98.9%	99.9%	100.0%	100.0%
Rhode Island	78.2%	89.7%	97.1%	98.7%	99.5%	99.8%	100.0%	100.0%
South Carolina	1.7%	2.1%	2.3%	2.6%	2.4%	2.5%	2.3%	2.4%
South Dakota								N/A^[a]
Tennessee	9.6%	2.2%	2.9%	3.3%	3.1%	2.9%	2.6%	2.6%
Texas							0.7%	0.2%
Utah							48.0%	50.8%
Vermont	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%
Virginia	4.1%	5.6%	7.3%	8.2%	9.3%	10.1%	10.2%	10.5%
Washington							100.0%	100.0%
West Virginia	11.6%	6.8%	10.5%	8.5%	10.9%	14.1%	13.1%	13.1%
Wisconsin				100.0%	51.6%	94.4%	100.0%	100.0%
Wyoming

a^ There were no Blacks at all—either free or enslaved—in South Dakota in 1860.[9]

See also

• African American neighborhoods
• List of African American neighborhoods
• List of U.S. cities with large African-American populations

Notes

References

1. https://data.census.gov/cedsci/map?q=population&g=0400000US01,02,04,05,06,08,09,10,11,12,13,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,53,54,55,56&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP05&hidePreview=false&vintage=2019&layer=VT_2019_040_00_PP_D1&cid=DP05_0065PE&palette=Teal&classification=Natural%20Breaks&mode=thematic
2. https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_VISF_P3&prodType=table Archived 2020-02-12 at Archive.today American FactFinder. Race; Total Population — 2010 U.S. Virgin Islands Summary File. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
3. https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_GUSF_P3&prodType=table Archived 2020-02-14 at Archive.today American FactFinder. Ethnic Origin or Race. Total Population - Guam 2010 Summary File. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
4. https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_MPSF_P3&prodType=table Archived 2020-02-14 at Archive.today American FactFinder. Ethnic Origin or Race. Total population - 2010 Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Summary File. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
5. https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_ASSF_P3&prodType=table Archived 2020-02-14 at Archive.today American FactFinder. Ethnic Origin or Race. Total population — 2010 American Samoa Summary File. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
6. "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States". Census.gov. Archived from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
7. "Powered by Google Docs". Docs.google.com. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
8. "Powered by Google Docs". Docs.google.com. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
9. "Population Division Working Paper No. 56" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-08-17.