List of amphibians of Arizona

The following is a list of amphibians found in the state of Arizona. The Arizona tree frog is the state amphibian.[1] The state is home to three salamander species.

A map of Arizona

Arizona is home to a wide variety of biotic systems as it is diverse topographically, geologically, and climatically. The area's sporadic mountains create "sky islands", wherein varying altitudes create drastically different environments inhabited by specific species.[2] For example, the Eastern barking frog is only found at altitudes of 1,280–1,890 m on Arizonan mountains. Although the state is mostly arid, river systems such as the Colorado River provide riparian habitats.[3]

List of species

Family Bufonidae

Bufonidae is a family of toads, often called the "true toads". Although a widely varied family, Bufonidae includes the stereotypical toad: dry warty skin and shortened forelimbs and hindlimbs. Bufonids also carry potent skin toxins, sometimes concentrated in the parotoid gland.[4]

Bufonidae

Species	Common name	Distribution	Status^[a]	Image
Anaxyrus cognatus	Great Plains toad	Found in playa wetlands in Arizona[5]	LC [6]
Anaxyrus debilis	Green toad	Found in southeastern Arizona[7]	LC [8]
Anaxyrus microscaphus	Arizona toad	Found in the Virgin River basin of northwestern Arizona[9]	LC [10]
Anaxyrus punctatus	Red-spotted toad	Abundant in central Arizona[11]	LC [12]
Anaxyrus woodhousii	Woodhouse's toad	Found throughout the state[13]	LC [14]

Family Hylidae

Hylidae is a family of frogs which are commonly found in the New World. They may be better known as tree frogs.[15]

Hylidae

Species	Common name	Distribution	Status	Image
Dryophytes arenicolor	Canyon tree frog	Inhaits arid environments and streambanks; often found in pools in canyons[16]	LC [17]
Dryophytes wrightorum	Wright's mountain tree frog	Found in the Petran Montane Conifer Forest Biome along the Mogollon Rim[18]

Family Leptodactylidae

Leptodactylidae

Species	Common name	Distribution	Status	Image
Craugastor augusti	Eastern barking frog	Found in the Santa Rita, Pajarito, Huachuca, and Quinlan Mountains in southeast Arizona at elevations of 1,280–1,890 m; report of specimen found in Sierra Ancha mountains of central Arizona[19]	LC [20]

Family Microhylidae

Microhylidae is a family of frogs. They can often be identified by their tear-dropped shape, hence the common name "narrow-mouthed frogs".[21]

Microhylidae

Species	Common name	Distribution	Status	Image
Gastrophryne olivacea	Great Plains narrowmouth frog	Inhabit south-central Arizona[22]	LC [23]

Family Ranidae

Ranidae, true frogs, are the largest family of frogs. Members of this family, called Ranids, typically have robust hindlimbs, toe webbing, and an aquatic tadpole stage.[24]

Ranidae

Species	Common name	Distribution	Status	Image
Lithobates berlandieri	Rio Grande leopard frog	Inhabit the Gila River drainage and associated croplands from Phoenix to the Colorado River confluence[25]	LC [26]
Lithobates blairi	Plains leopard frog	An isolated population cluster in southeastern Arizona[27]	LC [28]
Lithobates catesbeianus	Bullfrog	Common in Arizona[29]	LC [30]

Family Scaphiopodidae

Scaphiopodidae are a family of frogs. Commonly called spadefoot frogs, they are often inconspicuously coloured. Members of this family are predominantly fossorial, living underground until rain arrives. To aid in digging, they have keratinized protrusions on their feet.[31]

Scaphiopodidae

Species	Common name	Distribution	Status	Image
Spea bombifrons	Plains spadefoot toad	Found in eastern Arizona[32]	LC [33]
Scaphiopus couchii	Couch's spadefoot toad	Central and southeastern portions of the state[34]	LC [35]

Family Ambystomatidae

Ambystomatidae

Species	Common name	Distribution	Status	Image
Ambystoma mavortium	Barred tiger salamander	Introduced to southern Arizona[36]	LC [37]
Ambystoma rosaceum	Tarahumara salamander	Present in Arizona[38]	LC [39]
Ambystoma tigrinum	Eastern tiger salamander	Distinct subspecies Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi, known as the Sonora tiger Salamander found on southern border[40]	LC [41]

Notes and references

Notes

^ a: Conservation status at a world level of the species according to the IUCN Red List: Conservation status - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

 EX  - Extinct

 EW  - Extinct in the wild

 CR  - Critically endangered

 EN  - Endangered

 VU  - Vulnerable

 NT  - Near threatened

 LC  - Least concern

 DD  - Data deficient

 NE  - Not evaluated

References

1. "State Amphibian". Arizona State Library. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
2. "The 100-Mile Circle". Tucson Herpetological Society. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
3. R. Roy Johnson. The Lower Colorado River: A Western System (PDF) (Report). US Forest Service. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
4. "Bufonidae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on September 24, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
5. "Anaxyrus cognatus". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on January 9, 2017. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
6. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2015). "Anaxyrus cognatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T54612A53949260. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T54612A53949260.en.
7. "Anaxyrus debilis". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
8. Hammerson, G.; Santos-Barrera, G. (2004). "Anaxyrus debilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T54626A11177308. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54626A11177308.en.
9. "Anaxyrus microscaphus". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
10. Hammerson, G.; Schwaner, T. (2004). "Anaxyrus microscaphus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T54709A11189148. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54709A11189148.en.
11. "Anaxyrus punctatus". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on June 1, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
12. Hammerson, G.; Santos-Barrera, G. (2010). "Anaxyrus punctatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T54739A11197415. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T54739A11197415.en.
13. "Anaxyrus woodhousii". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on January 26, 2017. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
14. Hammerson, G.; Santos-Barrera, G. (2004). "Anaxyrus woodhousii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T54798A11195037. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54798A11195037.en.
15. "Hylidae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on May 3, 2020. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
16. "Hyla arenicolor". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
17. Hammerson, G.A.; Santos-Barrera, G. (2017) [2010]. "Dryophytes arenicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T55396A112711835. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T55396A112711835.en.|volume= / |doi= mismatch
18. "Dryophytes wrightorum". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on October 15, 2019. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
19. "Craugastor augusti". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on April 5, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
20. Hammerson, G.; Santos-Barrera, G.; Ponce-Campos, P. (2010). "Craugastor augusti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T56438A11478221. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T56438A11478221.en.
21. "Microhylidae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on August 19, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
22. "Gastrophryne olivacea". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on September 13, 2020. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
23. Santos-Barrera, G.; Hammerson, G. (2004). "Gastrophryne olivacea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T57815A11687076. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T57815A11687076.en.
24. "Ranidae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on September 23, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
25. "Rana berlandieri". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
26. Santos-Barrera, Georgina; Hammerson, G.; Köhler, G.; Wilson, L.; Lee, J.; Vázquez, R.C. (2010). "Lithobates berlandieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T58561A11804296. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T58561A11804296.en.
27. "Rana blairi". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on October 16, 2019. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
28. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2014). "Lithobates blairi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T58562A64301057. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T58562A64301057.en.
29. "Rana catesbeiana". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on April 5, 2020. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
30. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2015). "Lithobates catesbeianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T58565A53969770. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T58565A53969770.en.
31. "Scaphiopodidae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
32. "Spea bombifrons". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on October 8, 2020. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
33. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2015). "Spea bombifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T59044A53972679. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T59044A53972679.en.
34. "Scaphiopus couchii". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
35. Santos-Barrera, G.; Hammerson, G. (2004). "Scaphiopus couchii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T59041A11874119. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T59041A11874119.en.
36. "Ambystoma mavortium ". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on August 22, 2019. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
37. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. (2015). "Ambystoma mavortium". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T199970A2623523. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T199970A2623523.en.
38. "Ambystoma rosaceum". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
39. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2015). "Ambystoma rosaceum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T59068A53974550. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T59068A53974550.en.
40. "Sonora tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi)". ECOS Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on October 16, 2020. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
41. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2015). "Ambystoma tigrinum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T83293207A3076038. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T83293207A3076038.en.