List of biofuel companies and researchers

First-generation biofuels

First-generation biofuels use the edible parts of food plants as their carbon source feedstock. Due to this, the production of fuel from these crops effectively creates problems in regard to the global food production.

Second-generation biofuels

Second-generation biofuels use non-food substances as a feedstock carbon source. Examples include non-food plants, the inedible parts of food plants, and waste cooking fat. Unlike first-generation biofuels, they do not create problems in regard to the global food production.

  • Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Iran
    • BRTeam is a multinational research team (Iran, Malaysia, Sweden, US, Belgium, UK), focused on various aspects of biofuel research, in particular, advanced reactor technologies.[1]
  • Blue Marble Energy, Seattle, Washington, United States
    • Technology: consortia of different non-GM bacteria
    • Feedstocks: "nearly any organic biomass"
    • Products: methane, nitrogen compounds, hydrogen
  • Chemrec, Stockholm, Sweden
  • DuPont Danisco, Vonore, Tennessee, United States
    • Feedstocks: non-edible parts of plants
    • Products: ethanol
  • Evoleum, St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, Canada
    • Feedstocks: recycled vegetable oil
    • Products: biodiesel and biobunker
  • Fujian Zhongde, part of China Clean Energy; Fuqing, Fujian, China
    • Feedstocks: waste vegetable oils
    • Products: biodiesel, chemicals
  • Green BioFuels Corporation, Miami, Florida, United States
  • Inbicon Americas, Conversion of Agricultural Residues such as wheat straw, corn stover and sugar bagasse, USA
    • Feedstocks: vegetable oil, animal fat, recycled cooking oil
    • Products: biodiesel, glycerol
  • Gushan Environmental Energy, Beijing, Shanghai, Mianyang, Sichuan, Handan, Hebei, Fuzhou, and Fujian, China
    • Feedstocks: vegetable oil, animal fat, recycled cooking oil
    • Products: biodiesel, glycerol, plant asphalt, erucic acid, erucic amide
  • Targray, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada
    • Feedstocks: recycled cooking oil, Midwest soy beans, North American canola, corn oil, mixed tallow
    • Products: biodiesel

Second-generation biofuels with additional advantages

Algae and cyanobacteria fuels

The so-called "third-generation biofuels", similar to second-generation biofuels with an emphasize on the use of algae and cyanobacteria as a source of biofuel feedstocks, have an additional advantage as they take up a relatively small fraction of space when compared to first and second-generation biofuel sources, and may also help to reduce seawater eutrophication. They use algae to convert carbon dioxide into biomass.

Fourth-generation biofuels

Some fourth-generation technology pathways include pyrolysis, gasification, upgrading, solar-to-fuel, and genetic manipulation of organisms to secrete hydrocarbons.[4]

Hydrocarbon plants or petroleum plants are plants which produce terpenoids as secondary metabolites that can be converted to gasoline-like fuels. Latex-producing members of the Euphorbiaceae such as Euphorbia lathyris and E. tirucalli and members of Apocynaceae have been studied for their potential energy uses.[6][7]

Some other companies making 4th generation biofuels are:

References
  1. http://www.brteam.ir Biofuel Research Team homepage
  2. http://www.algaecluster.eu/
  3. "What are – and who's making – 2G, 3G and 4G biofuels?". Archived from the original on 2010-05-21. Retrieved 2017-07-01.
  4. http://www.gtmresearch.com/report/third-and-fourth-generation-biofuels
  5. "greenfuelonline.com". greenfuelonline.com. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
  6. Kalita, D (2008). "Hydrocarbon plant—New source of energy for future". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 12 (2): 455–471. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2006.07.008. ISSN 1364-0321.
  7. K. G. Ramawat (2010). Desert Plants: Biology and Biotechnology. Springer. pp. 37–. ISBN 978-3-642-02549-5. Retrieved 23 August 2010.
  8. "What are – and who's making – 2G, 3G and 4G biofuels?". Archived from the original on 2010-05-21. Retrieved 2017-07-01.

See also
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.