Mianyang

Mianyang (simplified Chinese: 绵阳; traditional Chinese: 綿陽; pinyin: Miányáng; Wade–Giles: Mien2-yang2) is the second largest prefecture-level city of Sichuan province in Southwest China. Located in north-central Sichuan, its population was 5.45 million in 2015 covering an area of 20,281 square kilometres (7,831 sq mi) consisting of Jiangyou, a county-level city, six counties and two urban districts. Its built-up (or metro) area was home to 1,722,133 inhabitants including the city proper of Mianyang (two urban districts) and An County largely being conurbated as urbanisation sprawls. In 2006, Mianyang was ranked as China's third "most suitable city for living" by China Daily, after coastal cities Dalian and Xiamen.,[2] but it has since dropped out of the top 10.[3]

For other uses, see Mianyang (disambiguation).
Mianyang

绵阳市
Prefecture-level city
Clockwise from top: The view of Mianyang City from Fule Park, Yuewang Mansion at night, Night scene along Fujiang River in Mianyang City, Ziyun Pavilion in Xishan Park of Mianyang
Location of Mianyang in Sichuan
Coordinates (Mianyang municipal government): 31°28′05″N 104°40′44″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceSichuan
Municipal seatFucheng District
Government
 • CPC Party ChiefPeng yuxing
 • MayorLiu Chao
Area
 • Prefecture-level city20,267.46 km2 (7,825.31 sq mi)
 • Urban
1,571.7 km2 (606.8 sq mi)
 • Metro
2,755.4 km2 (1,063.9 sq mi)
Elevation
473 m (1,552 ft)
Highest elevation
5,588 m (18,333 ft)
Lowest elevation
307 m (1,007 ft)
Population
 (2010 census)[1]
 • Prefecture-level city4,613,871
 • Density230/km2 (590/sq mi)
 • Urban
1,355,331
 • Urban density860/km2 (2,200/sq mi)
 • Metro
1,722,133
 • Metro density630/km2 (1,600/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
621000
Area code(s)0816
ISO 3166 codeCN-SC-07
License Plate Prefix川B
TreeCinnamomum camphora
FlowerRosa chinensis
Websitewww.my.gov.cn
Miányáng
"Miányáng" in Chinese characters
Traditional Chinese綿陽
Simplified Chinese绵阳
Literal meaning"South of Mian Mountain"

History

Mianyang, called Fuxian (Fu County) in ancient times, had advanced in agriculture during the Qin (221−206 BCE) and Han (206 BCE−220 CE) dynasties. It has a history of over 2,200 years since the Emperor Gaozu of Han established the first county in this area in 201 BCE. Due to its advantageous location, it had always been a town of great military importance and formed a natural defence for Chengdu.[4]

Mianyang is home to the CAEP and Science City, an immense Military Research Complex which was the site of the development of China's first nuclear bomb.

The city proper itself was only lightly damaged by the earthquake of 12 May 2008. However, Beichuan County, which is in the prefecture, is among the most severely hit of all disaster regions following the earthquake, including the Beichuan High School campus where more than 1,000 students lost their lives after two main buildings collapsed.[5] Around 80% of the county's buildings are said to have collapsed, including its main government building.[6] The casualty toll for the quake in Mianyang Prefecture as of 7 June 2008 was 21,963 people killed, 167,742 injured, and 8,744 people missing.[7][8]

Geography and climate

Mianyang is at the northwestern end of the Sichuan Basin, on the upper to middle reaches of the Fu River. Its administrative area ranges in latitude from 30° 42' to 33° 03' N and in longitude from 103° 45' to 105° 43' E. Bordering prefectures are Guangyuan to the northeast, Nanchong to the east, Suining to the south, Deyang to the southwest, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture to the west. It also borders Gansu for a small section in the north.

Mianyang has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) and is largely mild and humid, with four distinct seasons. Winter is short, mild, and foggy, though precipitation is low. January averages 5.3 °C (41.5 °F), and while frost may occur, snow is rare. Summers are long, hot and humid, with highs often exceeding 30 °C (86 °F). The daily average in July, the warmest month, is 25.7 °C (78.3 °F). Rainfall is light in winter and can be heavy in summer, and more than 70% of the annual total occurs from May to September. The annual frost-free period across most of the prefecture lasts from 252 to 300 days, and there are only 1,100 hours of sunshine annually, which is not even 30% of the possible total.

Climate data for Mianyang (1971−2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 19.0
(66.2)		 21.3
(70.3)		 29.5
(85.1)		 32.9
(91.2)		 35.9
(96.6)		 35.8
(96.4)		 36.0
(96.8)		 37.2
(99.0)		 36.6
(97.9)		 29.1
(84.4)		 25.0
(77.0)		 20.8
(69.4)		 37.2
(99.0)
Average high °C (°F) 9.6
(49.3)		 11.6
(52.9)		 16.1
(61.0)		 22.3
(72.1)		 26.7
(80.1)		 28.7
(83.7)		 30.1
(86.2)		 30.5
(86.9)		 25.5
(77.9)		 21.0
(69.8)		 16.0
(60.8)		 10.9
(51.6)		 20.8
(69.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.3
(41.5)		 7.3
(45.1)		 11.4
(52.5)		 16.8
(62.2)		 21.4
(70.5)		 24.3
(75.7)		 25.7
(78.3)		 25.4
(77.7)		 21.4
(70.5)		 17.0
(62.6)		 11.8
(53.2)		 6.7
(44.1)		 16.2
(61.2)
Average low °C (°F) 2.0
(35.6)		 4.1
(39.4)		 7.7
(45.9)		 12.5
(54.5)		 17.4
(63.3)		 20.9
(69.6)		 22.4
(72.3)		 21.9
(71.4)		 18.7
(65.7)		 14.3
(57.7)		 8.8
(47.8)		 3.6
(38.5)		 12.9
(55.1)
Record low °C (°F) −5.3
(22.5)		 −4.3
(24.3)		 −3.4
(25.9)		 0.3
(32.5)		 7.2
(45.0)		 14.2
(57.6)		 17.3
(63.1)		 15.8
(60.4)		 13.3
(55.9)		 3.8
(38.8)		 −2.1
(28.2)		 −7.3
(18.9)		 −7.3
(18.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 8.5
(0.33)		 11.7
(0.46)		 20.2
(0.80)		 46.7
(1.84)		 71.4
(2.81)		 107.0
(4.21)		 218.7
(8.61)		 192.2
(7.57)		 131.4
(5.17)		 38.7
(1.52)		 14.5
(0.57)		 4.5
(0.18)		 865.5
(34.07)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 5.6 7.0 9.5 11.2 13.4 14.3 15.4 13.1 14.9 12.7 6.6 4.0 127.7
Source: Weather China

Transport

The city has highway and railway connections to several major cities and is on the road from Xi'an to the provincial capital of Chengdu as well as the Baocheng Railway running from Baoji in Shaanxi province to Chengdu.

Mianyang Nanjiao Airport, which is the second largest airport in Sichuan province, has direct flights to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Xi'an, Shenzhen, Kunming, Hangzhou, and so on.

G5 Beijing–Kunming Expressway and G93 Chengyu Ring Expressway.

Economy

Mianyang is one of China's major centres for the electronics industry. It has many well-known research institutions, such as the China Academy of Engineering Physics and China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center. Many large-scale enterprises, such as Changhong Electronics Group Corporation, Sichuan DND Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Jiuzhou Electronics Group, Shuangma Cement Group, and Changcheng Special Steel Company also have their home in Mianyang.

Mianyang is an important national defence, scientific research and production base, consisting of 18 institutes including the China Academy of Engineering Physics and the China Aerodynamics Research Institute. Moreover, it houses 50 large- and medium-size enterprises and six science colleges.

The provincial government will hand over greater administrative powers of economic management at the provincial-level authority to propel the development of Mianyang. The new economy management authority will pay close attention to the construction of the scientific city. The provincial committee party and government are presently drafting the "Opinions on Propelling China Scientific City Construction" report which is expected to come out soon.

Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone
Main article: Sichuan § Mianyang_New_.26_Hi-Tech_Industrial_Development_Zone

Education

There are six universities and colleges in the city, and it is well known as a science and technology centre.

The best known of these is Southwest University of Science and Technology, with a campus of 4000 mu (about 260 hectares (640 acres)). There is a wide-band multimedia campus network, which is connected to the Internet. The student dorm has access to telephone, Internet and TV. There are over 900,000 copies of books and over 10,000 electronic books in the library. The studying and living facilities are all on the campus.

Others:

People

It is the hometown of the famous poet Li Bai, and boasts many historical relics of the Three Kingdoms period.

Chinese food blogger and internet celebrity Li Ziqi is from Mianyang and shoots most of her video content in the surrounding countryside.

Several minorities live in Mianyang, such as the Tibetan and Qiang people.

Subdivisions
Map
# Name Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin Population
(2010)		 Area (km²) Density
(/km²)
1 Fucheng District 涪城区 Fúchéng Qū 866,727 597,7 1,450
2 Youxian District 游仙区 Yóuxiān Qū 488,604 973 502
6 Anzhou District 安州区 Ānzhōu Qū 366,802 1,189 308
3 Jiangyou City 江油市 Jiāngyóu Shì 762,142 2,720 280
4 Santai County 三台县 Sāntái Xiàn 1,042,064 2,661 392
5 Yanting County 盐亭县 Yántíng Xiàn 417,221 1,645 253
7 Zitong County 梓潼县 Zǐtóng Xiàn 302,246 1,438 210
8 Pingwu County 平武县 Píngwǔ Xiàn 170,959 5,974 29
9 Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County 北川羌族
自治县		 Běichuān Qiāngzú
Zìzhìxiàn		 197,108 2,869 69

References
  1. Main data bulletin of the sixth national census in 2010, 2011-05-09(in Chinese)
  2. Jing, Fu (3 January 2006). "Beijing drops out of top 10 'best city' list". China Daily. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
  3. 宋静丽. "Top 9 most-livable cities in China[9]- Chinadaily.com.cn". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  4. "Mianyang Travel Guide".
  5. 四川北川中学震灾纪实 [Eye witnesses of the earthquake disaster in Beichuan Middle School, Sichuan] (in Chinese). bczx.changhong.com. Archived from the original on 2008-09-08. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  6. "Death toll in China earthquake rises to 7,600". chicagotribune.com. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  7. 伤亡汇总_四川汶川强烈地震_新闻中心_新浪网 (in Chinese). Sina.com. 2008-05-28. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
  8. 21,963 deaths in Mianyang as of June 7, 18:00 CST,绵阳市抗震救灾情况通报 (in Chinese). Official website of Mianyang Government. 2008-06-08. Archived from the original on 2008-06-13. Retrieved 2008-06-08.
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