List of heads of state and government who survived assassination attempts

This article is a list of heads of state who have survived assassination attempts. Many notable heads of government have been survivors of assassination attempts.

List

Date Intended Victim(s) Title at the Time Place Country Would-be Assassin(s)
2018 4 Aug Nicolás Maduro [1] President of Venezuela Caracas  Venezuela Soldados de Franelas
2018 23 Jun Emmerson Mnangagwa [2] President of Zimbabwe Bulawayo  Zimbabwe Unknown
2011 3 Jun Ali Abdullah Saleh [3] President of Yemen Sana'a  Yemen Unknown
2009 30 Apr Queen Beatrix, Prince Willem-Alexander, and other members of the Dutch Royal Family [4] Queen of the Netherlands Apeldoorn  Netherlands Karst Tates
2008 11 Feb Jose Ramos-Horta[5] President of Timor-Leste Dili  East Timor Alfredo Reinado
2008 11 Feb Xanana Gusmão[5] Prime Minister of Timor-Leste
2008 8 Jan Maumoon Abdul Gayoom[6] President of the Maldives Hoarafushi  Maldives Mohamed Murshid
2007 6 Jul Pervez Musharraf[7] President of Pakistan Rawalpindi  Pakistan Taliban
2007 29 Jun Guillaume Soro[8] Prime Minister of Ivory Coast Bouaké  Ivory Coast Unknown
2006 18 Sep Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed [9] President of Somalia Baidoa  Somalia Islamic Courts Union (blamed)
2005 10 May George W. Bush [10] President of the United States Tbilisi  Georgia Vladimir Arutyunian
Mikheil Saakashvili [10] President of Georgia
2005 15 Mar Ibrahim Rugova [11] President of Kosovo Pristina  Kosovo Unknown
2004 21 Aug Sheikh Hasina [12] Prime Minister of Bangladesh Dhaka  Bangladesh Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami
2004 29 Jul Shaukat Aziz [13] Prime Minister of Pakistan Fateh Jang  Pakistan Al-Qaeda sympathizers
2004 19 Mar Chen Shui-bian [14] President of the Republic of China Tainan  Taiwan Unknown
2003 25 Dec Pervez Musharraf [14][15] President of Pakistan Rawalpindi  Pakistan Ordered by Amjad Farooqi
2002 5 Sep Hamid Karzai [16] President of Afghanistan Kandahar  Afghanistan Lone gunman
2002 14 Jul Jacques Chirac [17] President of France Paris  France Maxime Brunerie
2001 7 Feb George W. Bush President of the United States Washington D.C.  United States Robert Pickett
1999 18 Dec Chandrika Kumaratunga [18] President of Sri Lanka Colombo  Sri Lanka LTTE
1998 12 Jun Muammar Gaddafi [19] Libyan Revolutionary leader Derna  Libya Islamic militants
1998 9 Feb Eduard Shevardnadze [20] President of Georgia Tbilisi  Georgia Anti-government forces.
1996 17 Jul Pavlo Lazarenko [21] Prime Minister of Ukraine Kiev  Ukraine Unknown
1996 Feb Muammar Gaddafi [19][22] Libyan leader Sirte  Libya Islamic extremists
1995 5 Nov Jean Chrétien[23] Prime Minister of Canada Ottawa  Canada André Dallaire
1995 3 Oct Kiro Gligorov [24] President of Macedonia Skopje  Macedonia Unknown
1995 29 Aug Eduard Shevardnadze [20] President of Georgia Tbilisi  Georgia Mkhedrioni rebels
1995 25 Jun Hosni Mubarak[25] President of Egypt Addis Ababa  Ethiopia National Islamic Front
1994 29 Oct Bill Clinton President of the United States Washington D.C.  United States Francisco Martin Duran
1993 Nov Atef Sedki [26] Prime Minister of Egypt Cairo  Egypt Vanguards of Conquest.
1991 7 Feb John Major [27] Prime Minister of the United Kingdom London  United Kingdom IRA
1987 18 Aug Junius Richard Jayewardene [28] President of Sri Lanka Colombo  Sri Lanka Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna
Ranasinghe Premadasa [29] Prime Minister of Sri Lanka
1987 30 Jul Rajiv Gandhi Prime Minister of India Vijitha Rohana
1987 18 Jun Turgut Özal [30] President of Turkey Ankara  Turkey Kartal Demirağ
1986 7 Sep Augusto Pinochet [31] President of Chile Cajón del Maipo  Chile Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front
1984 12 Oct Margaret Thatcher [32] Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Brighton  United Kingdom IRA
1983 19 Oct Chun Doo-hwan [33] President of South Korea. Rangoon  Burma North Korean agents
1982 8 Jul Saddam Hussein President of Iraq Dujail  Iraq Islamic Dawa Party
1982 12 May Pope John Paul II [14][34] Bishop of Rome Fátima  Portugal Juan María Fernández y Krohn
1981 13 June Elizabeth II [35] Queen of the United Kingdom London  United Kingdom Marcus Sarjeant
1981 13 May Pope John Paul II [14][36] Bishop of Rome St. Peter's Square   Vatican City State Mehmet Ali Ağca
1981 30 Mar Ronald Reagan [14][29] President of the United States Washington, D.C.  United States John Hinckley Jr.
1976 Feb Jean-Bédel Bokassa President of the Central African Republic Bangui M'Poko International Airport  Central African Republic unknown
1975 22 Sep Gerald Ford [37] President of the United States San Francisco  United States Sara Jane Moore
1975 5 Sep Sacramento Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme
1974 17 Feb Richard Nixon[38] Baltimore/Washington International Airport Samuel Byck
1974 15 Aug Park Chung-hee President of South Korea Seoul  South Korea Mun Se-gwang
1972 16 Aug Hassan II King of Morocco Kenitra  Morocco Mohamed Amekrane
1971 10 Jul Hassan II King of Morocco Skhirat  Morocco M'hamed Ababou and Mohamed Medbouh,
1970 1 Sep Hussein I King of Jordan Amman  Jordan PFLP
1970 27 Nov Pope Paul VI Bishop of Rome Manila  Philippines Benjamin Mendoza y Amor
1969 22 Jan Leonid Brezhnev General Secretary of the Soviet Union Moscow.  Soviet Union Viktor Ilyin,
1968 13 Aug Georgios Papadopoulos President of Greece between Lagonisi and Athens  Greece Alexandros Panagoulis
1965 12 Apr Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi [39] Shah of Iran Tehran  Iran Iranian soldier
1964 11 Aug Francisco Franco Generalissimo Caudillo of Spain

Madrid

  Francoist Spain Stuart Christie
1964 21 Feb İsmet İnönü Prime Minister of Turkey Ankara  Turkey Mesut Suna
1962 22 August Charles de Gaulle President of France Petit-Clamart  France Jean-Marie Bastien-Thiry
1962 14 May Sukarno President of Indonesia Jakarta  Indonesia Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia
1962 27 Feb Ngô Đình Diệm President of the Republic of Vietnam Saigon  South Vietnam Nguyễn Văn Cử and Phạm Phú Quốc
1960 24 Jun Rómulo Betancourt President of Venezuela Caracas  Venezuela Ordered by Dominican Republic President Rafael Leonidas Trujillo
1960 9 Apr Hendrik Verwoerd Prime Minister of South Africa Johannesburg  South Africa David Pratt
1957 30 Nov Sukarno President of Indonesia Jakarta  Indonesia Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia
1957 22 Feb Ngô Đình Diệm President of the Republic of Vietnam Buôn Ma Thuột  South Vietnam Hà Minh Tri
1955 11 Apr Zhou Enlai Chinese Premier Hong Kong  British Hong Kong Kuomintang agents
1954 26 Oct Gamal Abdel Nasser President of Egypt Alexandria  Egypt Mohammed Abdel Latif
1952 27 Mar Konrad Adenauer Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany Munich  West Germany Herut
1950 1 Nov Harry Truman President of the United States Washington, D.C.  United States Oscar Collazo and Griselio Torresola

(FALN)

1949 4 Feb Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi [40] Shah of Iran Tehran  Iran Fakhr-Arai
1944 20 Jul Adolf Hitler [14] German Führer Rastenburg, East Prussia  Nazi Germany Claus von Stauffenberg
1943 13 Mar Adolf Hitler [14] German Führer Wolf's Lair  Nazi Germany Henning von Tresckow, Fabian von Schlabrendorff, Rudolf Christoph Freiherr von Gersdorff
1941 17 May Victor Emmanuel III King of Italy Tirana  Albania Vasil Laçi
1936 26 Feb Keisuke Okada Prime Minister of Japan Tokyo  Japan Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) officers
1933 15 Feb Franklin D. Roosevelt President-elect of the United States Miami  United States Giuseppe Zangara
1933 Oct Engelbert Dollfuss Chancellor of Austria Vienna  Austria Rudolf Dertill
1931 21 Feb Zog I King of Albania Vienna  Austria Ndok Gjeloshi, Aziz Çami
1926 31 Oct Benito Mussolini Prime Minister of Italy Bologna  Italy Anteo Zamboni
1926 11 Sep Rome Gino Lucetti
1926 7 Apr Violet Gibson
1924 5 Sep Stanisław Wojciechowski[41] President of Poland Lviv  Poland Teofil Olszewski
1921 25 Sep Józef Piłsudski[42] Naczelnik państwa Lviv  Poland Stepan Fedak
1919 19 Feb Georges Clemenceau Prime Minister of France Paris  France Émile Cottin
1918 Aug 30 Vladimir Lenin Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union Moscow  Russian SFSR Fanny Kaplan
1908 15 Mar Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar[43] Shah of Persia Tehran  Persia Constitutionalists
1906 31 May Alfonso XIII King of Spain Madrid  Spain Mateu Morral
1905 21 Jul Abdul Hamid II[44] Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Constantinople  Ottoman Empire Armenian Revolutionary Federation
1905 1 Jun Alfonso XIII [45] King of Spain Paris  France an anarchist
1905 1 Jun Émile Loubet[46] President of France
1902 15 Nov Leopold II King of the Belgians Brussels  Belgium Gennaro Rubino
1900 2 Aug Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar[47] Shah of Persia Paris  France Francois Salson
1889 18 Oct Ōkuma Shigenobu[48] Prime Minister of Japan Tokyo  Japan member of the Gen'yōsha
1882 2 Mar Queen Victoria [49] Queen of the United Kingdom Windsor  United Kingdom Roderick McLean
1880 5 Feb Alexander II Czar of Russia St. Petersburg  Russian Empire Stephan Khalturin
1879 20 Apr Alexander Soloviev
1878 17 Nov Umberto I King of Italy Naples  Italy Giovanni Passannante
1874 13 Jul Otto von Bismarck[50] Chancellor of the German Reich Bad Kissingen,  German Empire Eduard Kullman
1873 22 Aug Domingo Faustino Sarmiento President of Argentina Buenos Aires  Argentina Ricardo López Jordán
1866 7 May Otto von Bismarck Minister President of Prussia Berlin  German Confederation Ferdinand Cohen-Blind
1866 4 Apr Alexander II Czar of Russia St. Petersburg  Russian Empire Dmitry Karakozov
1861 February Abraham Lincoln President-elect of the United States Baltimore, Maryland  United States Pro-Confederate sympathizers
1858 14 Jan Napoleon III [51] Emperor of the France Paris  France Felice Orsini
1853 18 Feb Franz Joseph I [52] Austria-Hungarian Emperor Vienna  Austria-Hungary János Libényi
1852 15 Aug Nasser al-Din Shah[53] Shahanshah of Persia Tehran  Persia Babis
1842 30 May Queen Victoria [49] Queen of the United Kingdom London  United Kingdom John Francis
1840 10 Jun Queen Victoria [49] Queen of the United Kingdom London  United Kingdom Edward Oxford
1835 28 Jul Louis-Philippe [54] King of France Paris  France Giuseppe Marco Fieschi
1835 30 Jan Andrew Jackson [55] President of the United States Washington D.C.  United States Richard Lawrence
1800 24 Dec Napoleon I [56] First Consul of France Paris  France François-Joseph Carbon
1800 15 May George III [57] King of Britain and Ireland Westminster  United Kingdom James Hadfield
1757 5 Jan Louis XV [58] King of France Versailles France Robert-François Damiens
1696 15–22 Feb William III King of England Kew Bridge  England Ambrose Rookwood
1605 5 Nov James I King of England Westminster  England Guy Fawkes
1594 27 Dec Henry IV King of France Paris France Jean Châtel
1586 Jul–Aug Elizabeth I Queen of England Westminster  England Anthony Babington
1584 Mar–Nov Elizabeth I Queen of England Westminster  England William Parry
1583 bef. Nov Elizabeth I Queen of England Westminster  England Francis Throckmorton
1571 bef. April Elizabeth I Queen of England Westminster  England Members of the Ridolfi Plot
1557 Sep Henry II King of France Paris France Caboche
1542 Nov Jiajing Emperor Emperor of China Nanjing Ming China Imperial Concubine Ning, Yang Jinying, and 14 other palace women.[59]
1486 23 Apr Henry VII King of England York  England Francis Lovell, 1st Viscount Lovell
1401 8 Sep Henry IV King of England Westminster  England Unknown
1400 4 Jan Henry IV King of England Windsor Castle  England Members of the Epiphany Rising
1323 30 Nov Edward II King of England Coventry  England John of Nottingham
1298 Dec Edward I King of England Westminster  England Merchants of Lucca
156–5 BC Ptolemy VIII of Egypt [60] Egyptian Monarch Alexandria Ancient Egypt Ordered by Ptolemy VI Philometor, his brother
218 BC Qin Shi Huang[61] First Emperor of a unified China China China Ordered by Zhang Liang (Western Han)

See also

Notes and references
  1. "Venezuela President Maduro survives 'drone assassination attempt'"; BBC News; 5 August 2018
  2. "'Assassination attempt' on Zimbabwean President Emmerson Mnangagwa"; Sky News; 23 June 2018
  3. "Witnesses: Tribal fighters take over major city in Yemen"; CNN World; 7 June 2011
  4. "Four killed in ‘assassination attempt’ on Dutch royal family" Archived 2010-05-10 at the Wayback Machine; The London Evening Standard article.
  5. "Ramos-Horta Wounded, Sydney Morning Herald article; 2 February 2008.
  6. AFP: "Boy scout saves Maldives president from assassination" Archived 2011-07-11 at the Wayback Machine; Google.
  7. "Gunmen Fire on Musharraf’s Plane "; New York Times news article: 5 July 2007.
  8. "Rockets fired at Ivorian PM plane", BBC News: 29 June 2007.
  9. BBC News - Africa.
  10. "Bush Attacked", CNN: May 10, 2005
  11. "Kosovo's president survives assassination attempt", The Guardian article; 15 March 2005.
  12. Bangladesh Defence: The details of attack.
  13. Press Release (July 30, 2004). "Pakistan's PM designate survives assassination attempt". CBC News. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
  14. 7 Failed Assassination Attempts that Shook the World Archived 2012-10-24 at the Wayback Machine, UrbanTitan.com
  15. "Arrests follow Musharraf attack"; BBC News article: 27 December 2003.
  16. "Day of Afghan Violence"; BBC News Organisation; on-line 5 September 2002
  17. "Chirac escapes lone gunman's bullet", BBC News: 15 July 2002.
  18. "Chandrika Kumaratunga: Politics in the blood"; BBC News; 9 October 2000.
  19. "Motorcade Ambushed"; The Herald, Sunday, 12 June 1998
  20. "Shevardnadze speaks about assassination attempt"; BBC Monitoring - RU; retrieved 30 October 2012.
  21. "Ukraine Prime Minister Survives Bomb Attack"; NY Times; 17 July 1996; retrieved 28 October 2012.
  22. Bright, Martin (10 November 2002). "MI6 'halted bid to arrest bin Laden'". The Guardian. London, UK. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
  23. "How to Foil an Intruder"; article; NY Times; 12 November 1995; retrieved 28 October 2012.
  24. "Kiro Gligorov, first elected president of Macedonia, dies at age 94"; obituary article; Global BC; 2 January 2012; retrieved 28 October 2012.
  25. "Mubarak"; article; Los Angeles Times; 27 June 1995; retrieved 24 October 2015.
  26. "Former Egyptian leader dies in hospital"; IOL on-line; retrieved 30 October 2012
  27. "I.R.A. Attacks 10 Downing Street With Mortar Fire as Cabinet Meets"; article; NY Times; 8 February 1991; retrieved 24 October 2015.
  28. "PASSAGE; DIED: JUNIUS RICHARD JAYEWARDENE" Archived 2009-05-10 at the Wayback Machine; obituary article; Asia Week archives at CNN; retrieved 31 October 2012.
  29. "Remembering the Assassination Attempt on Ronald Reagan". CNN. 30 March 2001. Retrieved 19 December 2007.
  30. "Özal son sure of assassination, but against exhuming body" Archived 2012-09-25 at the Wayback Machine, todayszaman.com, 24 September 2012; accessed 24 October 2015.
  31. "Protests mark anniversary of Pinochet assassination attempt", monstersandcritics.com, 7 September 2006; retrieved 24 October 2015.
  32. "On This Day: 1984: Tory Cabinet in Brighton bomb blast"; BBC News article; retrieved 14 November 2015.
  33. "Rangoon Bomb Shatters Korean Cabinet"; Multinational Monitor; November 1983, Volume 4, Number 11; retrieved 11/02/2012.
  34. "Pope John Paul 'wounded' in 1982"; 16 October 2008 BBC News article; retrieved 14 November 2015.
  35. "Treason in the UK: recent cases". BBC. 8 August 2005. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  36. "1981 Year in Review; Pope John Paul II Assasination Attempt [sic]; UPI article; retrieved 11/03/2012.
  37. "Gerald Ford survives first assassination attempt". History.com. Retrieved 2014-04-23.
  38. "U.S. presidential assassinations and attempts". Timelines.latimes.com. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
  39. "Soldier Tries to Murder Shah of Iran". 12 April 1965.
  40. "Ruler of Iran Is Wounded Slightly by Two Bullets Fired by Assassin". Retrieved 5 May 2017.
  41. "Jak przebiegał zamach na prezydenta Wojciechowskiego?"; rp.pl
  42. "Zamach na Józefa Piłsudskiego we Lwowie"; Muzeum Historii Polski; 11/10/2019.
  43. "Assassination attempt on Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar, Shah of Persia".
  44. Albert Shaw, The American Monthly Review of Reviews, p. 280
  45. Bomb for Loubet and King Alfonso New York Times 1 June 1905 page 1
  46. Bomb for Loubet and King Alfonso; New York Times, 1 June 1905; pg. 1
  47. "Attempted Assassination of the Shah of Persia".
  48. Beasley, W.G. (1963). The Making of Modern Japan. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
  49. Charles, Barrie; Kill the Queen! The Eight Assassination Attempts on Queen Victoria, Amberley Publishing; 2012; ISBN 978-1-4456-0457-2; Note: The Queen was actually only in real danger three of the eight times.
  50. Christopeit, Gerald. "Kullmann, Eduard Franz Ludwig" (in German). Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
  51. "House Divided"; at the Dickinson College website; retrieved 27 October 2012.
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  53. "Babi Attempt on the Life of the Shah, 1852". Retrieved 5 May 2017.
  54. Louise Philippe, emersonkent.com; retrieved 26 October 2012.
  55. Jon Grinspan. "Trying to Assassinate Andrew Jackson". Archived from the original on 24 October 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
  56. Castelot, André (1971) Napoleon. New York: Harper & Row.
  57. Ayling, Stanley (1972). George the Third. London: Collins; ISBN 0-00-211412-7
  58. Reill, Peter Hanns; Wilson, Ellen Judy (2004). Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment. New York: Facts on File. p. 138. ISBN 0-8160-5335-9. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
  59. Huang 黄, Weibo 伟波 (2011). "壬寅宫变与嘉靖皇帝之崇奉方术" [The palace rebellion of ‘’renyin’’ and the Jiajing Emperor’s belief in alchemy]. Xiang Chao (in Chinese) (10): 7–8.
  60. A. Lampela, Rome and the Ptolemies of Egypt; The development of their political relations. 273-80 B.C. (Helsinki, 1998).
  61. Mah, Adeline Yen; A Thousand Pieces of Gold: Growing Up Through China's Proverbs; HarperCollins; ISBN 0-06-000641-2/ISBN 978-0-06-000641-9; pp. 1-34.
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